On Re-engagement and Risk Factors (original) (raw)

Recidivism: A Multi-Level Explanation

Numerous studies have shown that several characteristics of offenders are related to their likelihood of recidivism after release from prison. Nearly all of these studies, however, have focused on offenders from just one state. Few studies have examined recidivism rates controlling for the characteristics of offenders from multiple states, and virtually none have examined recidivism rates controlling for characteristics of offenders from multiple states during different periods of time. Additionally, few studies have explored different types of recidivism across multiple jurisdictions to determine whether the same individual level factors explain variations in rearrest, reconviction, reimprisonment, and parole violations.

Changing Risk Factors That Impact Recidivism: In Search of Mechanisms of Change

Law and Human Behavior, 2013

The present study examined whether treatment change among offenders under community supervision would predict reductions in recidivism. The intervention program, based on cognitive–behavioral principles, focused on changing antisocial attitudes. Compared to a matched control group, the likelihood of reduced recidivism was 57% for the binary outcome and 70% for the multiple count outcome, after controlling for past program participation, propensity score, and days of opportunity to offend. The within-person pre-/postchange scores showed less promise in predicting recidivism. Only changes with a single antisocial associate measure, which were not central to the treatment program, predicted future recidivism. Caution must be used in the idiographic assessment of dynamic risk and treatment change.

THE CHALLENGES IN REDUCING CRIMINAL RECIDIVISM

Recidivism is a broad term that refers to relapse of criminal behaviour, which can include a range of outcomes, including re-arrest, reconviction, and reimprisonment. Prisoners represent a high-risk group compared to other offenders with huge associated costs and a large contribution to overall societal criminality and violence. A number of studies have tried to identify factors that influence repeat offending rates within and between countries but these studies are hampered by problems with sample selection, definitions of what constitutes recidivism, and the length of follow-up. Programmes and policies that emphasise rehabilitation and treatment are likely to be successful in reducing offender recidivism. Programmes based exclusively on coercion and punishments (without a treatment component) are unlikely to result in positive outcomes in terms of reduced offending. The social cohesion that is so vital to therapeutic programming is often undermined within a control-oriented prison model. Hence it is of utmost importance for prisoners to participate in and complete academic, substance abuse, and vocational programmes. More randomised trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the programmes. Only evidence-based programmes should be implemented.

Linking rehabilitation and re-integration process to examine re-offending behaviour

Risk-Need-Responsitivity (RNR) framework is one of the most widely applied framework in correctional rehabilitation. It is common for offenders to present multiple needs for intervention, however, RNR framework provide little guidance on the design for intervention programs in such cases. Especially for drug offenders, the well-documented relationship between drug and crime suggest interplay between drug abuse and criminal thinking. Apart from the drug-crime nexus, familial relationship supports the rehabilitation journey for drug offenders. The current study examined whether change via an intervention that targets the three areas could be related. Secondary data from 327 male inmates above the

Conceptualising recidivism for prediction and risk

2011

x a high percentage of offenders serving long sentences (over 10 years = 46%; life imprisonment = 8.5%) and thus the requirement for any study to be longitudinal in order to track individual's behaviour post-release; and x the fact that roughly one third of the total prison population are unsentenced prisoners who, on average, spent two to three months in custody, and frequently much longer. They are excluded from all rehabilitative services, yet in excess of 250 000 people move through the awaiting trial system annually after being exposed to the negative effects of imprisonment.

Recidivism What Works and Why -- Dissertation Proposal.doc

The following is a proposal for a dissertation on Recidivism. The goal is to explore the impact of institutional factors on recidivism. Here 'institutional factors' is conceptualized as correctional facilities policies and procedures, correctional facilities professional and non-professional staff impacts, administrative staff impacts, and correctional programming. The literarture on recidivism clearling indicates that these institutional factors related to recidivism outcomes. However, this writer has not uncovered any research which examines the combined effect of these institutional factors on recidivism. This study proposes to utilize a mixed-methods approach to analyze the relationship of institutional factors on recidivism outcomes.

Offender Participation in Multiple Rehabilitation Programs to Reduce Recidivism

2020

Rehabilitation programs are critical for reducing recidivism rates and reintegrating offenders into the community. Despite the recognition that offenders face many challenges, few scholars have investigated the relationship between prisoners who receive more than 1 rehabilitation program and recidivism. The purpose of this quantitative, correlational cross-sectional study using archival data from a correctional facility in Barbados was to assess the relationship between age, education, employment, and multiple rehabilitation programs on recidivism. The conceptual framework of this study was grounded in the lifecycle theory, the social learning theory, the social cognitive theory, and the social disintegration theory. The primary research question examined how the variables of age, education, employment, and participation in more than 1 rehabilitation program predicted the dependent variable likelihood of recidivism at 1 year. Logistic regression was used to analyze data from 67 individuals. In this study, there were 3 major findings. First, participation in more than 1 rehabilitation program did not positively predict recidivism at 1 year. Second, the sociodemographic variables of age, education, and employment were not significantly related to recidivism at 1 year.