Circulating metabolite utilization by periuterine adipose tissue in situ in the pregnant rat (original) (raw)
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Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1981
To determine whether the reduced lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue in late pregnancy corresponds to parallel changes in the uptake of triglyceride fatty acids, isolated adipocytes from 19-and 21-day pregnant rats and virgin controls were incubated for different periods in the presence of rat plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins with their esterified fatty acids of neutral glycerides (triglycerides) labelled with 3H. The hydrolysis of triglycerides and uptake of fatty acids by the adipocytes increased linearly and parabolically with respect to the incubation time and were always lower in cells from pregnant animals than from controls. Addition of heparin to the incubation medium produced similar increases in hydrolysis and uptake in all groups. Results indicate that the diminished uptake of triglyceride fatty acids by adipose tissue contributes to hypertriglyceridemia in late pregnancy which is counteracted by lipogenesis increase tc maintain the mother's augmented body fat.
Pregnancy Effects on Rat Adipose Tissue Lipolytic Capacity are Dependent on Anatomical Location
Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 2005
Pregnancy is characterized by changes in maternal adiposity. The aim of this study was to carry out a detailed analysis of the different steps of the adrenergic pathway, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels and adipocyte size, in order to evaluate the response of white adipose tissue (WAT) to the metabolic changes during pregnancy depending on the anatomical location. In general, the levels of the proteins of the lipolytic pathway decreased with pregnancy. In retroperitoneal WAT adenylate cyclase (AC) levels decreased from 100% in controls to 44% by day 13 and 11% by day 20. In mesenteric WAT the α 2A /β 3-adrenergic receptor balance seemed to be one of the main regulatory points of the lipolytic pathway and the reduction in the postreceptor element levels was clearly lower than for the other two depots (PKA levels reduced from 100% in controls to 72% by day 20, while in the other two depots it decreased to 30%, and AC and HSL levels did not show statistically significant changes in this depot). In contrast, the LPL-to-HSL ratio may be a major regulatory point in gonadal WAT. In summary, we describe regional differences in the regulation of WAT metabolism throughout pregnancy, which may be of great importance to determine the role of the different fat depots during late pregnancy. Thus, gonadal and mesenteric WAT changed to a lipolytic state to sustain the rapid foetal growth, although with differences between them in the main regulatory points, while retroperitoneal WAT could have a role later on, during lactation.
Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy
Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1970
effects of late pregnancy on adipose tissue metabolism have been examined in fed and fasted rats. Lumbar fat was excised from 19-day pregnant and age-matched virgin rats which had been given unrestricted access to food ("fed") or fasted for 48 hr before sacrifice. In the fed state, adipose tissue from pregnant rats displayed an increased content of free fatty acids (FFA). This coincided with augmented cleavage of preformed glycerides during incubation in vitro as evidenced by greater net production of FFA and glycerol, and altered disposition of labeled glucose. The enhanced lipolysis was independent of the availability of glucose and was not accompanied by impaired responsiveness to the antilipolytic or to the lipogenic actions of added insulin. In the presence of glucose and albumin, esterification as well as lipolysis was greater in adipose tissue from pregnant than nongravid animals. All the differences were exaggerated by prior fasting. These properties of adipose tissue during late gestation have been ascribed to a primary activation of lipolysis rather than impaired esterification or resistance to insulin. It has been suggested that the hormones of pregnancy may be responsible. Although increased intake of food and heightened availability of insulin may
Lipids, 2012
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of different dietary fatty acids during the first half of pregnancy on the fatty acid composition of maternal adipose tissue and of maternal and fetal plasma at mid-and latepregnancy. Pregnant rats received soybean-, olive-, fish-, linseed-or palm-oil diets from conception to day 12 of gestation. Virgin rats receiving the same treatments were studied in parallel. At day 12, some rats were sacrificed and others were returned to the standard diet and studied at day 20. At day 12, the concentrations of most fatty acids in plasma reflected the dietary composition and individual fatty acids in lumbar adipose tissue of pregnant rats correlated with those in the diet. At day 20, the plasma concentration of each fatty acid was higher in pregnant than in both virgin rats and day-12 pregnant rats. The composition in 20-day pregnant (but not in virgin) rats resembled the diet consumed during the first 12 days. Fatty acid concentration in fetal plasma was also influenced by the maternal diet during the first 12 days of pregnancy, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) concentrations correlated with those in the mothers. In conclusion, during the first half of pregnancy maternal adipose tissue stores dietary-derived fatty acids, which are released into blood during late pregnancy enabling LC-PUFA to become available to the fetus.
Lipid Metabolism During Pregnancy and its Implications for Fetal Growth
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2014
More glucose crosses the placenta than any other substrate, but correlations between its concentration in maternal plasma and fetal growth are not found consistently. The accumulation of maternal fat depots and hyperlipidemia are the two principal changes in lipid metabolism during pregnancy. Although lipids cross the placenta with difficulty, maternal plasma triacylglycerols (TAG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) correlate with fetal lipids, fetal growth and fat mass under certain conditions. In intrauterine growth restriction, impaired placental transfer of lipophilic compounds (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipophilic vitamins) seems to underpin metabolic dysfunction and decreased birth weight. In gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), maternal TAG and NEFA levels correlate with neonatal anthropometric measures. In GDM, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein in fetuses correlated with neonatal fat mass; changes in maternal or cord blood leptin, retinol binding protein 4 and adiponectin concentrations have been related to neonatal fat mass or birth weight, although their importance remains to be investigated. The angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL-4) is secreted from adipose tissue, liver and placenta, and irreversibly inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Maternal plasma ANGPTL-4 is decreased in GDM, and it has been proposed to be responsible for an increase in placental LPL activity, which would facilitate a greater fatty acid placental transfer, contributing to the higher fetal fat accumulation. Thus, while evidence suggesting major involvement of maternal lipid metabolism in fetal adiposity and growth exists, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase Early pregnancy Dietary fatty acids Breast milk Developing brain Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids a b s t r a c t Pregnant rats received soybean (SO), olive (OO), fish (FO) and linseed (LO) oil diets from conception to d12 of gestation (early diets) and standard diet thereafter. At d12 and d20 the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was evaluated in maternal adipose tissues (ATs). Fatty Acid (FA) profile was determined in maternal lumbar AT (LAT), in milk and in pup's plasma and brain. LPL activity was higher in ATs at d12 than d20, all groups presenting hypertriglyceridemia at d20. At d12, the LO diet resulted higher LPL activity and incorporation of 18:3 n À 3 into LAT. FA profile in maternal LAT at d20 and colostrum was similar to early diets, reflected also in FA composition of pup's plasma. In FO, brain phospholipids had higher 22:6 n À 3 without affecting arachidonic acid. These results suggest that specifics dietary FA in early pregnancy modulates lipid metabolism and the provision of LC-PUFA in milk and pups brain.
Increased lipolysis in non-obese pregnant women studied in the third trimester
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2005
Background During pregnancy, metabolic adaptation takes place in the mother to provide for the supply of substrates to the growing fetus. Objective To determine rates and endocrine regulation of lipolysis and glucose production (GPR) in late pregnancy. Design Energy substrate production was measured in healthy pregnant women by use of stable isotopelabelled compounds. Setting University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
American Journal of Physiology-endocrinology and Metabolism, 1994
To investigate the factors controlling maternal depot fat accumulation during early pregnancy and net decrease during late pregnancy, the activity and mRNA expression of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormonesensitive lipase (HSL) were related to several other lipid metabolic parameters. Virgin control rats, pregnant rats (at days 12, 15, 19, and 21), and lactating rats (at days 5 and 10 postpartum) were studied.
Fatty acid metabolism and adipocyte function in healthy and gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancy
2020
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as a glucose intolerance of varying severity with first recognition during pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM is increasing worldwide, largely attributable to the dramatic rise in maternal obesity, resulting in several maternal and fetal complications. The maternal metabolic adaptation during pregnancy is challenged by maternal obesity, resulting in β cell dysfunction and exaggerated insulin resistance in women with GDM. However, the exact cellular mechanisms involved in the development of GDM are not yet completely understood. Increasing evidence from clinical and experimental studies
Maternal Fatty Acid Metabolism in Pregnancy and Its Consequences in the Feto-Placental Development
Frontiers in Physiology, 2022
During pregnancy, maternal plasma fatty acids are critically required for cell growth and development, cell signaling, and the development of critical structural and functional aspects of the feto-placental unit. In addition, the fatty acids modulate the early stages of placental development by regulating angiogenesis in the first-trimester human placenta. Preferential transport of maternal plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during the third trimester is critical for optimal fetal brain development. Maternal status such as obesity, diabetes, and dietary intakes may affect the functional changes in lipid metabolic processes in maternal-fetal lipid transport and metabolism. Fatty acids traverse the placental membranes via several plasma membrane fatty acid transport/binding proteins (FAT, FATP, p-FABPpm, and FFARs) and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). This review discusses the maternal metabolism of fatty acids and their effects on early placentation, placen...