An Assessment of Women Participation in Community-Based Natural Resource Conservation in Southeast Zimbabwe (original) (raw)

Women's Access And control over WoodlAnd And WAter resources in rurAl ZimbAbWe

The management of woodland and water resources in rural Zimbabwe is currently facing enormous challenges related to unequal access and control for women. Woodland and water resources are now recognized as finite resources that are vulnerable to non-sustainable use and exploitation. This new thinking has created a set of issues for debate about the planning, development, and management of natural resources. However, failure by the political, administrative, and traditional institutions to recognize the role of women in natural resource governance has created tension between men and women in rural communities. Community-level participation often leaves women's voices and concerns unacknowledged. While men's participation in woodland and water resource governance is not an issue, social and cultural norms still limit women's participation. Using a case study of the Madondo communal lands in the Gutu rural district of Zimbabwe, this article examines the challenges that rural women face with regard to access and control over woodland and water resources. The artile notes the need for gendered rural institutions to make woodland and water resources more accessible and to allow women to participate in decision-making processes.

An assessment of local people’s participation in natural resources conservation in southern Zimbabwe

We assessed the participation of local people in community-based natural resources management under the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) in southern Zimbabwe. We focused on four randomly selected CAMPFIRE communities surrounding Gonarezhou National Park. Data were collected in October 2013 through semi-structured questionnaires administered through interviews. Our results showed that there were significantly more men than women in the CAMPFIRE committees. Surprisingly, we recorded that no youths, those below the age of 25 years, were part of the CAMPFIRE committees. CAMPFIRE committee members across the study area were within the age range of 25–60 years. We therefore recommend that: (i) youths should be deliberately included in management committees focussing on natural resources conservation, and (ii) conservation awareness and education needs to be streamlined and enhanced to improve attitudes of both the elderly and youths toward community-...

Linking Women’s Participation and Benefits within the Namibian Community Based Natural Resource Management Program

Journal of Sustainable Development, 2012

Women are important resource users and managers and their participation in community based natural resource management activities can create a platform for their empowerment and enhance their role in decision-making, including benefit sharing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the levels of participation of women in activities Namibia's communal area conservancies and the benefits they receive. The study was carried out in four conservancies in Namibia. It reveals that women participate in diverse activities. With respect to conservancies, women's participation appears to be highest in conservancy activities where their satisfaction levels with conservancy benefits are highest. Further, women from older and less populated conservancies prioritize conservancy activities above general community engagements. Benefits to women were conservancy-specific, although game meat emerged as a prominent benefit to all conservancies. Allowing women to actively participate in initiatives that are related to their traditional roles is essential in enhancing women's participation and improved benefits, and is desired by women in all of the conservancies studied.

Women and Natural Resource Conservation: A Study of Chong we District, Zambia

International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, 2020

Women play a critical role in managing natural resources both at family and community levels and are most affected by environmental degradation (Milupi 2008; Orgra 2018). This is so because the gender roles put women in direct contact with natural resources such as forests, water, land and wildlife. Since women utilize and conserve these resources to supply basic needs for their families, they are closer to nature than men (Kiran, 2015; Joshi and Bhardwaj 2015). (Kirani 2015; Kiewish 2015) assert that their closeness to nature makes women perfect managers of an ecological unit. Ecofeminists, such as Shiva (1988), have also observed that women have a special affinity with nature through their reproductive rights.Because of this closeness to nature by women; eco-feminists feel that women can care better for the environment than men (Shiva, 1988, Chileshe, 2018). Despite women providing an important role in sustainable natural resource management as argued by Tiwari(2015) and UNEP (2016), their role is notproperly identified nor explored. Joshi and Bhardwaj(2015) noted that although it is widely acknowledged that women play a key role in the management of natural resources on family and community levels, they have a much less influential role than men in the management, problem analysis and in the decision making process related to wildlife resources. Several studies(such as UNEP et al., 2013) have also argued that more equality in the access to and management of natural resources could enable women to support their families more effectively and contribute to community decision-making process regarding the management of their resources. Against this background, this studyexamined the levels of awareness in natural resource conservation among women in Chongwe district. The study further investigated the extent to which women participated in natural resource conservation. Evans et al. (2017: 38) defined participation as "the Abstract: Women play a critical role in managing natural resources on family and community levels and are most affected by environmental degradation. In communities around the world, women manage water, sources for fuel, and food. They also manage both forests and agricultural land. Women's workload is often centred on managing natural resources, biodiversity and ecosystems; as such their experiences and perspectives are essential to sustainable development. Because of women's relationship with the environment, they can be critical agents of environmental conservation. This study's objectives were to investigate the levels of awareness and involvement in natural resource conservation among women in Chong we district and to propose improvements required to promote their effective involvement in natural resource conservation programmes in the area. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered through interviews and questionnaire surveys in the district. Results showed that women understood the meaning of natural resources conservation but their participation in natural resource conservation programmes was inadequate. The study concluded that conservation efforts would only succeed if government and non-governmental conservation bodies targeted rural women in several ways, among them education, empowerment, and inclusion. We therefore, recommend government to increase women's participation in decision-making to ensure success and sustainability of conservation projects. This would promote the sustainable utilisation of natural resources in the country.

Local perceptions on poverty and conservation in a community-based natural resource program area: a case study of Beitbridge district, southern Zimbabwe

Frontiers Conservation Sciences, 2023

This study was conducted in a local community, namely, Ward 1 of Beitbridge district, southern Zimbabwe, with the following objectives: (i) to assess local perceptions on poverty in a Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) environment, (ii) to assess whether CAMPFIRE initiatives have enhanced livelihoods, and (iii) to analyze the involvement of local people in CAMPFIRE programs. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data between September and October 2022, with 80 randomly selected participants being interviewed (structured interviews), 110 randomly selected discussants participating in focus group discussions held in all the five villages of Ward 1, and 10 purposively sampled key informants responded to semi-structured interviews. Data were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The results showed that some villages had more benefits than others from the conservation programs and the contributions to poverty alleviation varied within the surveyed local communities. Most respondents in Ward 1 stated that they rely on subsistence farming as the major source of livelihood. Furthermore, most respondents highlighted that they were not participating in the natural resource management and allocation decision-making processes. However, based on this study, we conclude that respondents still view CAMPFIRE as one of the key solutions to poverty alleviation and that active local community participation in decision-making processes is lacking. The study recommend for active and full participation of local people in the decision-making processes, including previously marginalized groups, in the CAMPFIRE initiatives.

Community perceptions on the benefits and challenges of community-based natural resources management in Zimbabwe

Development Southern Africa, 2020

Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) emphasises the role and benefits of local communities in order to promote a sustainable utilisation of natural resources. This study aims to identify and analyse the locally perceived benefits and challenges of CBNRM practices in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. A specific focus is on Communal Area Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE), which has faced challenges due to changes in the political and economic environment in the country. The findings based on a household survey from three wards adjacent to Hwange National Park suggest that community members have negative perceptions on CAMPFIRE largely due to their non-involvement in the decision-making and management of the natural resources. The community members do expect to gain benefits from CAMPFIRE but they do not perceive and experience receiving any. Therefore, they consider facing mainly challenges from the Park, emanating from the current inefficiencies of CAMPFIRE.

The Dilemma On Reconceptualising Natural Resources In Campfire Areas In Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe is indisputably one of the foremost, volatile and vulnerable nations tainted with adverse impacts of the land degradation, poor governance of natural resources, unnecessary burning of the veld and poaching. Hence, there is the need to revisit sustainable environmental management policies and conservation initiatives starting from grassroots level. The CAMPFIRE program in Zimbabwe is one of the strategies designed to tackle environmental management. The conceptual connection of people and conservation of natural resources in Zimbabwe seemed to have evolved towards local ownership and local management. Thus limits of community ownership over natural resources have been reached. According to dominant actors on the conservation scene, the indigenous people in Zimbabwe have not been able to effectively conserve their wildlife and biodiversity and thus in their view a more enforcing style of conservation, separated from local people, is needed again. This study explores and analyses the benefits of conservation and sustainable management of natural resources including wildlife on rural livelihoods with particular focus on rural development. The methods used in this study included focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations.

People participation in Natural Resource Conservation.pdf

We assessed the participation of local people in community-based natural resources management under the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) in southern Zimbabwe. We focused on four randomly selected CAMPFIRE communities surrounding Gonarezhou National Park. Data were collected in October 2013 through semi-structured questionnaires administered through interviews. Our results showed that there were significantly more men than women in the CAMPFIRE committees. Surprisingly, we recorded that no youths, those below the age of 25 years, were part of the CAMPFIRE committees. CAMPFIRE committee members across the study area were within the age range of 25-60 years. We therefore recommend that: (i) youths should be deliberately included in management committees focussing on natural resources conservation, and (ii) conservation awareness and education needs to be streamlined and enhanced to improve attitudes of both the elderly and youths toward community-based natural resources management initiatives.