Dōgen and the Linguistics of Reality (original) (raw)

2021, Reiligions

The goal of this article is to show how Dōgen’s views of language, perhaps the most “mystical” part of his thought at first glance, can be interpreted in a framework that is wholly rational in the broader sense of the word. Dōgen belongs to a pansemioticist tradition and indeed maintains that being is tantamount to signification, but unlike previous pansemioticists, such as Kūkai, he does not posit a signifying subjective Other to whom the “message” of reality can be attributed. In Dōgen’s view, the meaningfulness of an event is a concomitant characteristic of its very reality, because the availability of reality for us to experience is already a linguistic phenomenon. The article argues that this is not a mystical thesis, but a view that can also be articulated in a more familiar and fully rational idiom, and that it bears similarities with many different Western thinkers and theorists, such as Wittgenstein, Heidegger, Gadamer, Peirce, Jakobson, and others.

The Phenomenology of Language and the Metaphysicalizing of the Real

This essay joins Wilhelm Dilthey's conception of the metaphysical impulse as a flight from the tragedy of human finitude with Ludwig Wittgenstein's understanding of how language bewitches intelligence. We contend that there are features of the phenomenology of language that play a constitutive and pervasive role in the formation of metaphysical illusion.

Language and the Conception of Reality

There is a popular belief that, language is a veritable instrumentum laborat (working tool) for the communication of thoughts and the conception of reality. There is equally a lingering belief that, language pictures or mirrors reality. But to what extent can we authenticate this existing opinion? Is it the case that the conglomerate of reality, can be represented linguistically without any iota of defect/fallibilism? Can language mirror reality perfectly as it is, in itself? What really is the ontological status of language? What is language anyway? How does it relate to the world? How does it relate to the mind? Should our view of language influence our view of the world? Even more seriously, what is the limit of language in the herculean task of conceiving and revealing reality? Armed with the concerns highlighted above, this paper, attempts to grapple with these questions, by first seeking insights into the meaning, nature and use of language; the nature of reality; and the role of language within the context of effective representation and a veridical a fortiori conception of different ‘forms of life and states of affairs’ of reality. Keywords: Language, Reality, Conception, Forms of life, States of affairs.

Just Sitting and Just Saying: The Hermeneutics of Dōgen’s Realization-Based View of Language

Religions

This paper explicates the complex relationship between contemplative practice and enlightened activity conducted both on and off the meditative cushion as demonstrated in the approach of the Sōtō Zen Buddhist founder Dōgen (1200–1253). I examine Dōgen’s intricate views regarding how language, or what I refer to as just saying, can and should be used in creative yet often puzzling and perplexing ways to express the experience of self-realization by reflecting the state of non-thinking that is attained through unremitting seated meditation or just sitting (shikan taza). In light of the sometimes-forbidding obscurity of his writing, as well as his occasional admonitions against a preoccupation with literary pursuits, I show based on a close reading of primary sources that Dōgen’s basic hermeneutic standpoint seeks to overcome conventional sets of binary oppositions involving uses of language. These polarities typically separate the respective roles of teacher and learner by distinguish...

Language, Reality and Civilisation

What is the reality of human language? How does it relate to the essential being of man and the realization of his multifarious capabilities and potentials in the various domains of life and existence in this world? These are certain issues whose investigation has become more than ever relevant in our contemporary contexts. This paper is an attempt to search and shed light on some aspects of this matter, which I believe should be taken up in a much more comprehensive manner by more competent and knowledgeable persons. Prior to developing an Islamic discourse on the nature and reality of language, I think it would be worthwhile to dwell a bit upon the role and significance accorded to language in our contemporary world. Fundamental limitation of the western methodology in linguistics Contemporary debates on language revolve around many crucial issues even including the question on whether there exists anything called a language at all. This question has arisen in the scientific study of language called linguistics due to an important historical reason related to the emergence of modern science. The western scientific tradition has first experienced the separation of empirical science from philosophy and the consequent subjugation of philosophy to a role of interpreting the findings of the scientific 'discoveries'. This handicapped science, which feigned supremacy as man's highest and most trustworthy intellectual pursuit, with its strictly materialistic and empiricist methodology and goals accorded matter or physicality the absolute referential status of reality. The biological, chemical and other types of properties derived 'scientific' legitimacy from the 'fundamental' reality of matter. It is as if reality springs out from physical matter. The various dimensions of reality emerge out from the various levels of organization of matter. Thus even mind and language is described "the necessary result of a particular organization of matter". Thus the history of scientific progress and the concomitant proliferation into the multifarious disciplines and specialisations has totally imbibed to this spirit of the shadow of physical reality reflected in many other derivative dimensions. Thus the tradition of modern science instituted for a minor aspect of reality, i.e. matter, fundamental and foundational relevance and turned the process of intellectual enquiry upside down, that is, rather than from the source of divine guidance through derivative ideas into the minor details of existence including matter, to that from matter to other dimensions. Over riding this spirit of the upside down science is the Cartesian phantom of separation of mind and matter.

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