Dietary Inclusion of 1,3-Butanediol Increases Dam Circulating Ketones and Increases Progeny Birth Weight (original) (raw)
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Animals
Feeding conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) to dams has been shown to improve progeny growth and survival, and hence may be particularly advantageous to gilt progeny. Primiparous (n = 129) and multiparous sows (n = 123; parities 3 and 4) were fed one of four diets from day 107 of gestation (107.3 ± 0.1 days) until weaning (day 27.2 ± 0.1 of lactation): (i) control diet; (ii) 0.5% CLA diet; (iii) 0.1% MCFA diet; and (iv) equal parts of (ii) and (iii). Progeny performance data were collected and, from a subset of sows (n = 78) and their piglets (n = 144), a colostrum (day 0), milk (day 21), and piglet serum sample (day 3) were analyzed for immunoglobulin G and several selected metabolites. Liveborn pre-weaning mortality tended to be lowest (p = 0.051) in piglets from sows fed 0.5% CLA. However, sows fed the CLA diet had more (p = 0.005) stillbirths than those on the other diets. There were few effects of diet or the dam parity x diet interaction (p ≥ 0.05...
Journal of Nutrition
The influence of dietary 1,3-butanediol (BD) on body weight gain, blood and liver metabolites, and on lipogenesis in pigs and chicks was studied. Body weight gain and energy intake of both pigs and chicks were depressed when the dietary energy derived from BD exceeded about 20%. Circulating /3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate levels were markedly increased as the level of BD in the diet increased. Blood lactate levels were also increased by dietary BD. Plasma triglycéridelevels were in creased in pigs and unchanged in chicks fed BD-containing diets. In vitro rates of fatty acid synthesis and the activities of fatty acid synthetase and malic enzyme in pig adipose tissue were not affected by dietary BD. Neither addition of 18% dietary energy in the form of BD to the diet nor addition of BD to the incubation buffer affected ["C] glucose conversion to fatty acids by chick liver slices. Dietary BD did not affect long-chain acyl CoA levels in freeze-clamped chick liver but did increase the free CoA levels slightly. The hepatic lactate :pyruvate ratio was decreased when chicks were fed a BD-contain ing diet.
Dietary fatty acids affect the growth, body composition and performance of post-weaning gilt progeny
Animal Production Science, 2014
Gilt progeny are born lighter, have lower weaning weights and require more medication throughout their life time than do sow progeny. Therefore, strategies to improve their post-weaning performance are of importance to pork producers. Dietary fatty acids have been shown to be potent modulators of physiological processes. Studies in other species have reported that dietary fatty acids affect in utero development, cognitive behaviour, immune system function, carcass composition as well as feed efficiency of offspring. However, little information is available that details their use in gilt progeny and when fed throughout their lifetime. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feeding three different types of fat to gilts and their progeny on the growth, body composition and performance post-weaning. Diets were enriched with either saturated fatty acids (SFA; tallow), or n-3 (fish-oil extracts) or n-6 (safflower oil) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and were fed to gilts through gestation and to their progeny post-weaning. In Experiment 2, half of the female progeny from n-3 and n-6 PUFA litters were fed SFA postweaning. For both studies, there was no significant difference in weaning bodyweights. However, in Experiment 1, pigs fed n-6 PUFA diets post-weaning were significantly lighter 7 days post-weaning than were pigs fed SFA-and n-3 PUFA-enriched diets. Despite feed intake of n-6 PUFA-fed pigs becoming comparable to that of the other groups during the finisher period, bodyweight for this group remained significantly lower than that of the other groups at the conclusion of the experiment. No effect of dietary fatty acid type on the carcass composition of finisher pigs, as determined by computed tomography, was found. The results of Experiment 2 showed that feeding pigs n-6 PUFA diets post-weaning through to slaughter significantly compromised their growth, being in agreement with those from Experiment 1. Feed consumption for this group was significantly less during the post-weaning and the finisher periods. However, pigs from n-6 PUFA litters that were fed SFA diets post-weaning showed no compromise in growth and performance and were comparable to pigs from the other treatment groups. During the grower and finisher periods, pigs fed n-6 PUFA diets had a significantly higher rate of mortality that was as much as 13 times that of pigs fed SFA diets. Pigs from n-6 PUFA litters that were fed SFA diets post-weaning were not affected in this manner. The results of the current study showed that feeding diets enriched with n-6 PUFA to pigs significantly compromised their growth and performance and that this fatty acid type may also have negative health effects with prolonged consumption. The data suggested that the type of fatty acid used in pig diets may be an important consideration for nutritionists when formulating diets to optimise post-weaning growth and performance.
Journal of Animal Science, 2019
In this study, the effects of maternal energy sources during late gestation and lactation on the performance, glucolipid metabolism, and oxidative status of sows and their offspring were investigated using a total of 75 (2 to 6 of parity) Landrace × Large White sows at day 85 of gestation under 3 different dietary treatments: SO diet (basal diet plus 3.0% and 5.0% soybean oil during late gestation and lactation, respectively), FO diet (basal diet plus 3.0%/5.0% fish oil during late gestation and lactation, respectively), and CS diet (basal diet plus 32%/42% corn starch during late gestation and lactation, respectively). All the 3 groups showed no obvious differences (P > 0.05) in the number of total piglets born, born alive, after cross-fostering, and at weaning, whereas the CS group exhibited a shorter farrowing duration (P < 0.05) and lower stillbirth rate (P < 0.05) when compared with the SO group. In addition, litter weight at birth was significantly higher in the CS gr...
Journal of Animal Science, 1985
Three trials involving 118 sows were conducted to evaluate the effects of fat and triamcinolone additions in the diets of late-term gravid sows on pre-and postweaning performance of pigs. Beginning an average of 9 d prepartum, sows were fed daily 1.8 kg of a fortified, corn-soybean meal diet [6 Meal of metabolizable energy (ME) and 290 g of protein/sow] that was supplemented with 4 Meal of ME/sow in the form of starch, soybean oil or soybean oil plus 70 mg/sow of triamcinolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. During a 28-d lactation, sows were self-fed a standard 14% protein, corn-soybean meal diet. The addition of soybean oil to the diet of sows during late gestation did not (P>.10) influence the weights of survivability of pigs at birth, 14 or 28 d of age, but increased (P<.05) the carcass fat content of the pigs at birth. The dietary addition of triamcinolone to the sow's prepartum diet increased (P<.10) pig weights at birth and 14 d, and tended to increase pig weights at 28 d compared with those of pigs from sows fed soybean oil only. Prepartal administration of triamcinolone depressed (P<.05) carcass protein content and adrenal weights in pigs at birth or 28 d of age. From weaning (d 28) to 56 d of age, pigs from sows fed soybean oil before parturition, particularly those from sows fed triamcinolone, tended to consume less feed and gained slower and less efficiently than pigs from sows fed starch, although the differences were not significant. From 56 d of age to market weight, pigs from sows fed soybean oil plus triamcinolone gained faster (P<.05) than pigs from sows fed soybean oil only prior to parturition.
Journal of veterinary medical science, 2024
Premating maternal nutrition is crucial for postweaning follicle growth, thereby influencing piglet birth weight in subsequent litters. The present study investigated the impact of supplementing a carbohydrate-rich premating diet in sows on metabolic hormones, subsequent piglet birth weight and reproductive performance. Sows were distributed into three groups, control (n = 42) received standard diets; treatment I (n = 41) received the same diets supplemented with 500 g of a carbohydrate-rich premating diet from weaning until insemination; treatment II (n = 42) received the same diets supplemented with 500 g of a carbohydrate-rich premating diet from 7 days before weaning until insemination. Blood samples were taken from sows around weaning to measure serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin, and blood glucose after feeding. The study found that sows on a carbohydrate-rich diet (treatment II) had higher postprandial glucose (P < 0.05) and insulin levels (P = 0.06) than others. This diet did not affect overall reproductive performance, but it did increase piglet birth weight and reduce the number of low-birth weight piglets compared to the control (P < 0.001) and treatment I groups (P < 0.05). Supplementing a carbohydrate-rich premating diet for 7 days before weaning until insemination enhanced postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in weaned sows. This dietary intervention led to improved subsequent piglet birth weight and reduced the proportion of low-birth weight piglets.
Journal of Animal Science, 2012
A multicatheter sow model was established to study the effects of dietary β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation on net portal fl ux (NPF) and net hepatic fl ux (NHF) of HMB, glucose, and the AA Ala, Gly, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, and Val. Eight second parity sows were fi tted with permanent indwelling catheters in an artery and in the portal, hepatic, and mesenteric veins. Eight hourly sets of blood samples were taken starting 30 min before the morning meal on day-3 and day 3 relative to parturition. Four control (CON) sows were fed a standard lactation diet from day-15 and throughout the experiment, and 4 HMB sows were fed the control diet supplemented with 15 mg Ca(HMB) 2 /kg BW mixed in one third of the morning meal from day-10 until parturition. Net portal fl ux of HMB was affected by treatment (Trt; P < 0.01) and peaked in the HMB sows at 6.9 mmol/h 30 min after the morning meal and then decreased towards preprandial level (0.0 mmol/h) 3.5 h after the meal, revealing that dietary HMB was rapidly absorbed from
Journal of Animal Science, 2012
A multicatheter sow model was established to study the effects of dietary β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation on net portal fl ux (NPF) and net hepatic fl ux (NHF) of HMB, glucose, and the AA Ala, Gly, Ile, Leu, Phe, Tyr, and Val. Eight second parity sows were fi tted with permanent indwelling catheters in an artery and in the portal, hepatic, and mesenteric veins. Eight hourly sets of blood samples were taken starting 30 min before the morning meal on day-3 and day 3 relative to parturition. Four control (CON) sows were fed a standard lactation diet from day-15 and throughout the experiment, and 4 HMB sows were fed the control diet supplemented with 15 mg Ca(HMB) 2 /kg BW mixed in one third of the morning meal from day-10 until parturition. Net portal fl ux of HMB was affected by treatment (Trt; P < 0.01) and peaked in the HMB sows at 6.9 mmol/h 30 min after the morning meal and then decreased towards preprandial level (0.0 mmol/h) 3.5 h after the meal, revealing that dietary HMB was rapidly absorbed from
animal, 2008
Poor glucose tolerance may be an under-researched contributory factor in the high (10% to 20%) pre-weaning mortality rate observed in pigs. Insulin resistance commences at around week 12 of gestation in the sow, although there are conflicting reports in the literature about the extent to which insulin resistance is modulated by maternal diet. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of supplementing the maternal diet with different dietary oils during either the first half or the second half of gestation on the glucose tolerance of the sow. Sows were offered the control (C: n 5 5) diet as pellets or the C diet plus 10% extra energy (n 5 16 per group) derived from either: (i) extra pellets; (ii) palm oil; (iii) olive oil; (iv) sunflower oil; or (v) fish oil. Experimental diets were fed during either the first (G1) or second (G2) half of gestation. A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was conducted on day 108 of gestation by administering 0.5 g/kg glucose i.v. Blood samples were taken every 5 to 10 min for 90 min post administration. The change in body weight and backfat thickness during gestation was similar but both type and timing of dietary supplementation influenced litter size and weight. With the exception of the sunflower oil group, supplementing the maternal diet in G1 resulted in larger and heavier litters, particularly in mothers offered palm oil. Basal blood glucose concentrations tended to be more elevated in G1 than G2 groups, whilst plasma insulin concentrations were similar. Following a GTT, the adjusted area under the curve was greater in G1 compared to G2 sows, despite no differences in glucose clearance. Maternal diet appeared to influence the relationship between glucose curve characteristics following a GTT and litter outcome. In conclusion, the degree of insulin sensitivity can be altered by both the period during which maternal nutritional supplementation is offered and the fatty acid profile of the diet.