Dietary Betaine Reduces the Negative Effects of Cyclic Heat Exposure on Growth Performance, Blood Gas Status and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens (original) (raw)
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Journal of Livestock Science and Technologies (JLST), 2022
The effects of in ovo feeding (0 and 1g/L) and dietary feeding (0 and 1g/kg diet) of betaine on hatchability, performance, body temperature and blood parameters of broiler chicks under heat stress condition, were investigated using 600 fertile eggs (Ross 308) for in ovo injection at 17.5d of incubation. After hatching, 192 male chickens were divided into four groups: 1- In ovo feeding of non-betaine solution and post-hatch diet without betaine, 2- In ovo feeding of non-betaine solution and post-hatch dietary feeding 1g per kg of betaine, 3- In ovo feeding of 1g per L betaine solution and post-hatch diet without betaine, and 4- In ovo feeding of 1g per L betaine solution and post-hatch dietary feeding 1g per kg of betaine. The chicks were exposed to heat stress from 7-28d for 4h/d. The results showed that body weight of hatched chicks and the hatched chick body weight to initial egg weight ratio, was significantly increased by in ovo feeding of betaine (P<0.05). The effects of in ovo feeding and dietary feeding of betaine resulted in higher feed intake (P<0.05) and daily weight gain (P<0.01) and improved feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) for 7-21d. Birds that received dietary betaine had more carcass, breast and leg weight than chickens receiving betaine-free diet at 28d (P<0.05). The experimental treatments had no significant effect on carcass yield at d 42. During heat stress between 14 and 21d age, the group that did not receive betaine (in ovo or dietary) had the highest cloacal temperature (P<0.01). The concentration of high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood of chickens that received betaine-free diet was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). In general, dietary betaine feeding improved the performance and carcass parameters and decreased blood lipids and cloacal temperature of chicks under heat stress conditions. However, these effects were not observed from days 28 to 42, which were free of heat stress.
Effects of Betaine Supplementation to Broiler Diets Under Heat Stress
Tavukçuluk araştırma dergisi, 2021
Betaine is an osmoregulatory substance obtained from some natural plant materials such as sugar beet, regulating intracellular biochemical events by attracting water. Due to this important function of betaine in water balance, it may play an important role in maintaining the body water balance of birds under heat stress. On the other hand, since betaine is a good methyl donor, some essential nutrients such as methionine and choline can be saved in the diet, or they can serve as complementary substances in the deficiency of these nutrients. Previous studies have shown that the addition of betaine can make significant contributions to the nutrition of broiler chickens in heat stress situations. The effects that may occur, especially when the body needs methyl groups, may be more pronounced. Dietary betaine supplementation increases live weight gain and breast muscle efficiency, improves feed efficiency and reduces fat content in broilers. The osmoregulatory function of betaine, immune system disorders, low immune strength, reducing respiratory alkalosis, oxidative stress and intestinal microbiome changes caused by heat stress. In this study, some evaluations were made in terms of the use of betaine in broiler diets to meet the performance and physiological needs of animals.
Animals
Heat stress (HS) is an environmental stressor challenging poultry production and requires a strategy to cope with it. A total of 288-day-old male broiler chicks were fed with one of the following diets: basal diet, basal with betaine (BET), or with selenium and vitamin E (AOX), or with a combination of BET and AOX, under thermoneutral and cyclic HS. Results showed that HS reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.001), and impaired feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.03) during rearing period (0–42 day). BET increased ADG (p = 0.001) and decreased FCR (p = 0.02), whereas AOX had no effects. Breast muscle weight was decreased by HS (p < 0.001) and increased by BET (p < 0.001). Rectal temperature was increased by HS (p < 0.001) and improved by BET overall. Respiration rate was increased by HS (p < 0.001), but BET decreased it during HS (p = 0.04). Jejunum transepithelial resistance was reduced by HS and had no effect on perme...
Animals
Improving broilers’ production in the hot region is essential to overcome heat-stress challenges. The current experiment examined the effects of betaine’s fortification (0.0, 0.075, 0.10, and 0.15%) to broiler chickens during days 1–40 of age. The growth period was divided into the starter (1–18 d) and growing-finishing (19–40 d). During the starter period, there was no heat challenge, and all birds were kept under the same conditions. At 18 days of age, half of the birds were kept under thermos-neutral temperature (TN, 22–24 °C), while the other half were kept under high temperature (HT, 35 °C). However, the production efficiency factor (PEF) was the best (p < 0.05) for birds that received 0.10% betaine. Betaine fortification improved (p < 0.05 and 0.01) body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and production efficiency factor (PEF) in the cumulative finisher heat-stress challenge period (19–40 d). The best performance was achieved at 0.1% betaine fortification wi...
Antioxidants
Heat stress (HS) causes oxidative stress, which compromises broiler performance and meat quality. The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary antioxidants could be used as an amelioration strategy. Seventy-two day-old-male Ross-308 chicks were exposed to either thermoneutral or cyclical heat stress conditions. Diets were either control commercial diet (CON), CON plus betaine (BET), or with a combination of betaine, selenized yeast, and vitamin E (BET + AOX). Heat stress increased the rectal temperature (p < 0.001), respiration rate (p < 0.001), decreased blood pCO2 (p = 0.002), and increased blood pH (p = 0.02), which indicated the HS broilers had respiratory alkalosis. Final body weight was decreased by HS (p < 0.001), whereas it was improved with BET (p = 0.05). Heat stress reduced cooking loss (p = 0.007) and no effect on drip loss, while BET decreased the drip loss (p = 0.01). Heat stress reduced the myofibril fragmentation index (p < 0.001) and increased ...
Betaine in thermally stressed broiler chickens
2015
Conclusion: Based on this study, it was inferred that in tropical countries betaine may be effectively used to ameliorate the negative impact of high ambient temperature in broiler chickens. Read this original research and sign up to receive Open Access Animal Physiology journal here: http://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article\_id=22477
Effect Ofbetaine Levels on Broiler Performance Under Cyclic Heat Stress
2017
It was designed to study the effect of betaine supplementation on broilers performance under cyclic heat stress. A total number of 375 Ross, one day-old were equally divided into five groups (75 birds/group) with three replicates (25birds / replicat). In the first group, birds were fed a commercial ration produced with ALWADI Company without any betaine supplementation and served as control group. While, birds in the 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th groups were fed the same diet with supplemented betaine at different levels of 100, 150, 200 and 250% i.e. 2, 3, 4 and 5kg betaine/1000 kg diet, respectively compared to the company recommendations. All birds were daily exposed to cyclic heat stress (35 • C) from 8 AM to 4 PM and then from 4 PM to 7 AM , they were exposed to natural ambient temperature. Chicks in all groups were housed in partitioned litter floor. Each pen was used as a replicate (25chicks) of the treatment, provided with a feeder and one nipple for supplementing water. Feed and water were available ad-libitim throughout the experimental period. All chicks were exposed to traditional continuous lighting programs with 60 watt from incandescent lamb at the height of 2.4 m from the floor up to the marketing age. The results showed that the BW and BWG significantly improved in treated groups. Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio significantly improved in treated groups. Rectal temperature significantly increased at 42 days of age and respiration rate significantly increased at 14, 21 and 42 days of age in treated groups. Heart percentage significantly increased in treated groups compared to control group. Chemical composition of meat was no significantly affected with betaine levels compared to control group.
Zagazig Veterinary Journal, 2018
The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of graded levels of betaine supplementation to the normal and low energy diets of broiler chickens during summer season on growth performance, tonic immobility (TI), economic value and some blood biochemical parameters. Three hundred one days-old broiler chicks were used. The chicks were divided into 6 groups (each of 50 chicks) and each group was 5 replicated (2x3 factorial design). The first, second and third groups were fed normal energy diet (NED) with 0, 1 and 2g betaine/kg diet (air dry basis) for 35 days, respectively. While, the fourth, fifth and sixth groups were fed low energy diet (LED) with 0, 1 and 2g betaine/kg diet (air dry basis) for 35 days, respectively. The experiment was carried out during summer season. Birds freely access to water and feed. Results showed no significant difference of growth performance between NED and LED groups. Betaine supplementation (2g/kg diet) to both NED and LED increased significantly (p<0.05) the body weight (BW) (1880.61 and 1787.66g, respectively), body weight gain (BWG) (1822.22 and 1728.77g, respectively), feed intake (FI) (3027.36 and 3136.42g, respectively), relative growth rate (RGR) (187.93 and 187.24, respectively) and TI (92.83 and 71.83s, respectively) with no significant difference in feed conversion (FCR) between the groups fed diet supplemented with or without betaine. Betaine supplementation 2g/kg diet to NED increased the total cost, total return, net profit, economic efficiency and performance index%, moreover improved the pancreatic and thyroid function and return the lipids indices of LED-fed birds to the normal level as in the NED-fed birds. No mortalities occur between the different groups. Therefore, betaine can be included in normal energy diets of broiler chickens by level of 2g/kg diet for improving the growth performance, economic value and welfare during the summer season.
Thermotolerance of Broiler Chicks Ingesting Dietary Betaine and/or Creatine
Animals
The present study aimed to assess the effect of dietary betaine (B) and/or creatine (C) on performance and thermoregulatory responses of broiler chicks. Indian River broiler chicks, fitted with compact thermosensors, were reared to market age (five weeks). The chicks were randomly distributed into four treatment groups, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments—basal control diet (Control group: CONT; B−/C−); 1 g betaine/kg feed (Betaine group: BETA; B+/C−), 1.2 g creatine monohydrate/kg feed (Creatine group: CRET; B−/C+), and combination (Betaine and Creatine group: COMB; B+/C+) of both supplements. At 31 days of age, 20 chicks from each group were exposed to acute heat stress (A-HS) for 3 h (34.45 ± 0.20 °C), and hemogramic profiles were screened before and after. Performance parameters (feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio) were reported on a weekly basis, and carcass meat quality was evaluated at the end of experiment. Redness of breast was higher due to...