Insecticidal and developmental inhibitory properties of monoterpenes on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) (original) (raw)
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Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2020
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Insects are the cause of excessive spread of parasites and pathogens. Insect population control faces the challenges of increasing resistance to chemical pesticides and the environmental hazards posed by them. Therefore, the use of natural insecticides is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of geraniol and betacitronellol on the larvae of Culex Pippins complex. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, samples were taken from the Insectarium of Babol University of Medical Sciences. Yield of geraniol, betacitronellol and their combination in ratios of 4:1, 3:2, 2:3 and 1:4 in a total of 6 groups on the larvae of the third stage of the mosquito culex Pippins complex at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml were evaluated with 5 replications. Needle test was used to determine whether the larvae were dead or alive. The LC50 of each group was then recorded after 24 hours. FINDINGS: The highest mortality of larvae belonged to the geraniol group with LC50 equal to 48.1 µg/ml. While betacitronellol with LC50 equal to 49.10 µg/ml had the lowest toxic dose. Among the four combined ratios of geraniol-betacitronellol, the highest toxicity was related to the ratio of 1:4 and the lowest toxicity was related to the ratio of 4:1 with LC50 of 3.32 and 7.71 µg/ml, respectively, and antagonistic effect was observed in all ratios (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed the antagonistic effects of the combination of geraniol with betacitronellol on mosquito larvae of Culex Pippins complex.
Journal of tropical medicine, 2016
Different mixtures of monoterpenes (ketone, alcohol, and alkene) were loaded on paper discs and wax and their knockdown activities were evaluated against Culex pipiens adults. Some individual monoterpenes were also evaluated by residual toxicity technique. Citronella oil as a reference was also loaded separately or in combination with monoterpenes on paper discs and wax. The ketone monoterpenes mixture (camphor, menthone, carvone, and fenchone) on paper discs was the most active (KT50 = 17.20 min) followed by ketone monoterpenes with citronella oil (KT50 = 20.79 min) and citronella oil alone (KT50 = 28.72 min). Wax formulations proved that the ketone and alcohol (geraniol, thymol, and menthol) monoterpenes gave the most activity as knockdown (KT50 = 31.79 and 43.39 min, resp.). Alcohol monoterpenes formulation recorded KT50 = 43.39 min. Residual activity of tested individual monoterpenes reported that the menthol was more toxic than camphor and camphene. Generally, this study sugges...
Molecules
Mosquitoes represent one of the most important vectors and are responsible for the transmission of many arboviruses that affect human and animal health. The chemical method using synthetic insecticides disturbs the environmental system and promotes the appearance of resistant insect species. Therefore, this study investigated the insecticidal effect of some binary monoterpene combinations (1,8 cineole + α-pinene and carvone + R (+)-pulegone) using a mixture design approach. The fumigant toxicity was evaluated against Culex pipiens female adults using glass jars. The results show that the toxicity varies according to the proportions of each compound. Indeed, Mixture 1 (1,8-cineole + α-pinene) displayed a strong toxic effect (51.00 ± 0.86% after 24 h and 100.00 ± 0.70% after 48 h) when the pure compounds were tested at 0.25/0.75 proportions of 1,8-cineole and α-pinene, respectively. Nevertheless, the equal proportion (0.5/0.5) of carvone and R (+)-pulegone in Mixture 2 exhibited a tox...
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2008
The larvicidal activity of 13 essential oils, 14 major monoterpenoids and 9 N-methyl carbamates based on these monoterpenoids was tested according to the recommendations of the WHO against fourth instar larvae of Culex pipiens L. The results of the larvicidal assays after 24 hr revealed a high potential for the essential oils, such as cinnamon, chenopodium and eucalyptus. Of the monoterpenoids, chlorothymol was found to be the most effective followed by thymol, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde. Conversion of the most active monoterpenoids into their N-methyl carbamate derivatives resulted in higher larvicidal activities than those of the corresponding monoterpenoids. The use of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to improve the efficacy of the most active monoterpenoids resulted in higher larvicidal activity. Also, all N-methyl carbamate derivatives were synergized by PBO. Carvacrol derivative, which was strongly synergized by PBO, was comparable with the standard synthetic insecticide malathion.
The larvicidal activity of essential oils cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl), Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) cumin (Cuminum cyminum Linnaeus), clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry), laurel (Laurus nobilis Linnaeus), Mexican oregano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer) and anise (Pimpinella anisum Linnaeus)) and their major components are tested against larvae and pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Third instar larvae and pupae are used for determination of lethality and mortality. Essential oils with more than 90% mortality after a 30-min treatment are evaluated at different time intervals. Of the essential oils tested, anise and Mexican oregano are effective against larvae, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 4.7 and 6.5 µg/mL, respectively. Anise essential oil and t-anethole are effective against pupae, with LC50 values of 102 and 48.7 µg/mL, respectively. Oregano essential oil and carvacrol also have relevant activities. A kinetic analysis of the larvicidal activity, the oviposition deterrent effect and assays of the effects of the binary mixtures of chemical components are undertaken. Results show that anethole has synergistic effects with other constituents. This same effect is observed for carvacrol and thymol. Limonene shows antagonistic effect with β-pinene. The high larvicidal and pupaecidal activities of essential oils and its components demonstrate that they can be potential substitutes for chemical compounds used in mosquitoes control programs.
Toxicity and Joint Toxic Action of Some Control Agents on Culex pipiens L. Larvae
Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly Journal of Science Agricultural Environments, 2010
The present study aimed to assess and to evaluate some of the sustainable and safe measures against Culex pipiens mosquito larva that can be implemented in areas at risk of contacting elephantiasis. The joint toxic action of these control measures was also studied. Data showed that Deltamethrin (LC 50 =0.021ppm) was more toxic than Bacillus thurengiensis var. israelensis, diflubenzuron, emamectin benzoate and azadiractin by 2.0, 491.42, 59.0 and 143.8 fold, respectively, after 24hr. Also, after 48hr Deltamethrin (LC 50 = 0.004 ppm) was 4.0, 1102.5, 25 and 232.5 times more toxic than Vectobac G, diflubenzuron, emamectin benzoate and azadiractin, respectively, after 48hr. After 72hr the toxicity of Deltamethrin (LC 50 =0.003 ppm) was 3.0, 206.66, 23.33, 246.66 fold more toxic than B.t.i., diflubenzuron, emamectin benzoate and azadiractin, respectively. Toxicity of Beauveria bassiana was very low compared with all the tested control measures with LC 50 value 1.85ml/L after 72hr of exposure. Data of joint toxic action revealed that, all mixtures of Beauveria bassiana with diflubenzuron and all mixtures of diflubenzuron with azadiractin resulted in antagonistic effects. Approximately, all other binary mixtures resulted in potentiating effects. The highest potentiating effect was obtained when the mixture of LC 12.5 B.t.i. + LC 12.5 Deltamethrin was used. Finally, the use of some binary mixtures of the tested control measures can achieve better control, reduce control cost and induce lesser environmental pollution.
Larvicidal activity of three plant extracts namely: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Anagallis arvensis and Melilotus indica were evaluated as a larvicidal potential against 2nd and 4th instars larvae of Culex pipiens by using different solvents; water, ethyl alcohol, acetone and petroleum ether (40-60). The ethyl alcohol and acetone extracts of Anagallis arvensis showed the highest larvicidal activity (Lc50 was 6.4 and 14.5 ppm for the 2nd 13.4and 23.5ppm for the 4th, respectively) followed by acetone and ethyl alcohol extracts of Melilotus indica (Lc50 was 27.5 and 44.8 ppm for the 2nd and 46.3 and 66.5 for the 4th, respectively). The acetone extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis showed moderate larvicidal activity (Lc50 was 235.0 and 825.0 ppm for the 2nd and the 4th, respectively). The hot water extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis exhibited the lowest larvicidal activity (Lc50 was 2225.0 and 3750.0 ppm for the 2nd and the 4th, respectively). Followed by petroleum ether extracts of Anagallis arvensis (Lc50 was 1362.5 and 2775.0 ppm for the 2nd and the 4th, respectively). and water extracts for Melilotus indica (Lc50 was 622.5 and 1050.0 ppm for the 2nd and the 4th, respectively). Ethanol extracts of Anagallis arvensis had completely ovicidal action at 300ppm while at 400ppm for acetone extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and 600ppm for Melilotus indica. Acetone extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis completely inhibited adult emergence at 100ppm while at 1000ppm for Melilotus indica and 3000ppm for ethanol extracts of Anagallis arvensis. The ethanol extracts of Anagallis arvensis completely inhibited oviposition by gravid females till 300ppm, 1000ppm for Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and 7000ppm for Melilotus indica.
2017
The secondary effects emerging from the use of conventional pesticides on environmental and human health were lead scientists to look for other safety products. Natural pesticides are promising in pest control, especially those derived from plants. In this study, the larvicidal activity and their effect on the reproduction potency of the essential oils of Ruta chalepensis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis were evaluated against the mosquito species Culex pipiens. Newly exuviated larvae of third and fourth instar larvae were exposed to various concentrations of Ruta chalepensis (150-700 ppm) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (100-600 ppm). The results, for both plants, showed a toxic effect of the treated larval series with dose-response relationship. For Ruta chalepensis oil bioassay the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were estimated at 95ppm and 550 ppm for the third-instar larvae, respectively, while these respective values were 245ppm and 830ppm for the fourth-instar larvae of Culex ...
The insecticidal properties of 8 essential oils were screened on Culex pipiens larvae. The most effective oils were; Foeniculum vulgare (LC50 = 20.0 ppm) followed by Triticum vulgare, Rosa gallica, Salvia officinalis, Mentha spicata, Rosa damascene , Matricharia chamomilla and Ammi majus with LC50 values of 29.7, 30.0,30.3, 36.0, 78.0, 100.7and 210.0 ppm, respectively. The tested mixtures of the highest potentiating effect was for mixture of co-toxicity factor equaled 60.0( Foeniculum vulgare + Rosa damascene). The lower potentiating effects were obtained from mixtures of Rosa gallica + Foeniculum vulgare and Foeniculum vulgare + Ammi majus. The Rosa gallica oil exerted zero hatchability (100% mortality) at 1000,500 and 250ppm. , till 500 ppm oils from Salvia officinalis , Matricharia chamomilla and Foeniculum vulgare whereas oils from Rosa damascene and Mentha spicata at 1000ppm. Ammi majus oil reduced egg hatch by 33.0%at 1000ppm. Rosa gallica yielded 100% complete inhibition of emergence of adults at 62.5 ppm and125 ppm for Mentha spicata and Matricharia chamomilla. Oils from Ammi majus and Rosa damascene yielded also100% complete inhibition of emergence at 250 ppm except Salvia officinalis and Foeniculum vulgare yielded 30.0%of emergence at 250ppm