Software Framework for the Creation and Application of Personalized Bone and Plate Implant Geometrical Models (original) (raw)
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jpe.ftn.uns.ac.rs
Geometrically accurate and anatomically correct three-dimensional geometric model(s) of human bones (or bone sections) and implants are essential for successful preoperative planning in orthopedic surgery. Such models are often used in various software systems for the preparation and control of surgical interventions. In this paper, the process of models' creation and their usage in application for the preoperative planning in orthopedics are presented. Models are created by using reverse engineering techniques, CAD (CATIA) and 3D Content creation software (Blender). The application is web oriented, and developed with use of modern web technologies like HTML5 and WebGL. In relation to commercial and free software systems currently in use, this application has several advantages such as: implementation of adaptive geometrical models, the ability to work across multiple platforms, ease of installation and use, etc.
Computer Aided Surgery, 2008
This paper describes image processing, geometric modeling and data management techniques for the development of a virtual bone surgery system. Image segmentation is used to divide CT scan data into different segments representing various regions of the bone. A region-growing algorithm is used to extract cortical bone and trabecular bone structures systematically and efficiently. Volume modeling is then used to represent the bone geometry based on the CT scan data. Material removal simulation is achieved by continuously performing Boolean subtraction of the surgical tool model from the bone model. A quadtree-based adaptive subdivision technique is developed to handle the large set of data in order to achieve the real-time simulation and visualization required for virtual bone surgery. A Marching Cubes algorithm is used to generate polygonal faces from the volumetric data. Rendering of the generated polygons is performed with the publicly available VTK (Visualization Tool Kit) software. Implementation of the developed techniques consists of developing a virtual bone-drilling software program, which allows the user to manipulate a virtual drill to make holes with the use of a PHANToM TM device on a bone model derived from real CT scan data.
Methodology Proposel for Geometric Modeling from the Medical Images in the Cad System
2009
This paper discusses the feasibility of individually designing human prosthesis for surgical use and proposes a methodology for such design through mathematical extrapolation of data from digital images obtained via tomography of individual patient's bones. Individually tailored prosthesis designed to fit particular patient requirements as accurately as possible should result in more successful reconstruction, enable better planning before surgery and consequently fewer complications during surgery. Fast and accurate design and manufacture of personalized prosthesis for surgical use in bone replacement or reconstruction is potentially feasible through the application and integration of several different existing technologies, which are each at different stages of maturity. Initial case study experiments have been undertaken to validate the research concepts by making dimensional comparisons between a bone and a virtual model produced using the proposed methodology. Future resear...
Software system for creation of human femur customized polygonal models
Computer Science and Information Systems, 2013
Geometrically accurate and anatomically correct threedimensional geometric models of human bones or bone sections are essential for successful pre-operative planning in orthopedic surgery. For such purposes, 3D polygonal models of bones are usually created based on Computer Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. In cases where there is no CT or MRI scan, or part of bone is missing, such three-dimensional polygonal models are difficult to create. In these situations predictive bone models are commonly used. In this paper, the authors describe the developed a software system for creation of Human Bones Customized Polygonal models (HBCP) which is based on the use of the predictive parametric bone model. The software system enables creation of patient-specific polygonal models of bones, by using only a limited number of parameter values. Parameter values can be acquired from volumetric medical imaging methods (CT, MRI), or from two-dimensional imaging methods (i.e. X-ray). This paper introduces the new approach to the process of creation of human bones geometrical models which are based on the anatomical landmark points. Testing of the HBCP for the cases of femur bone samples has shown that created bone and bone region models are characterized by a good level of anatomical and morphometric accuracy compared to the results presented in similar researches. She is an author of over 70 scientific and professional papers. From 2008. Professor Arsić is the member of a multidisciplinary research team compose by mechanical engineers, orthopaedic surgeons, and radiologists whose scientific is 3D morphology and CAD design of the bones.
Patient-Specific Modelling in Orthopedics: From Image to Surgery
Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, 2012
In orthopedic surgery, to decide upon intervention and how it can be optimized, surgeons usually rely on subjective analysis of medical images of the patient, obtained from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound or other techniques. Recent advancements in computational performance, image analysis and in silico modeling techniques have started to revolutionize clinical practice through the development of quantitative tools, including patient-specific models aiming at improving clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment. Anatomical and surgical landmarks as well as features extraction can be automated allowing for the creation of general or patient-specific models based on statistical shape models. Preoperative virtual planning and rapid prototyping tools allow the implementation of customized surgical solutions in real clinical environments. In the present chapter we discuss the applications of some of these techniques in orthopedics and present new computer-aided tools that can take us from image analysis to customized surgical treatment.
In orthopedic surgery, to decide upon intervention and how it can be optimized, surgeons usually rely on subjective analysis of medical images of the patient, obtained from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound or other techniques. Recent advancements in computational performance, image analysis and in silico modeling techniques have started to revolutionize clinical practice through the development of quantitative tools, including patient-specific models aiming at improving clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment. Anatomical and surgical landmarks as well as features extraction can be automated allowing for the creation of general or patient-specific models based on statistical shape models. Preoperative virtual planning and rapid prototyping tools allow the implementation of customized surgical solutions in real clinical environments. In the present chapter we discuss the applications of some of these techniques in orthopedics and present new computer-aided tools that can take us from image analysis to customized surgical treatment.
Computer assistance in orthopaedic surgery
2002
Measuring is a recurring task in the clinical setting. Surgeons perform measurements in diagnostic, surgical as well as research tasks. To assist surgeons in these tasks computerassisted measurement systems can be developed. Over the last years several researchers and companies developed computer-assisted surgery (CAS) systems. CAS systems were developed (among other applications) for brain surgery and for pedicle screw placement in orthopaedics. The commercially available computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery (CAOS) systems for pedicle screw placement provide 'live' three-dimensional (3D) navigation in a 3D patient model based on CT imaging. The clinical use of this kind of systems requires changes in the clinical setup: additional CT imaging is necessary and some surgical instruments must be equipped with trackers. Conventionally, surgeons accomplish their tasks by using 2D imaging and their experience. 2D systems require no additional imaging. Except for adding a computer, a 2D CAOS system requires no changes in the clinical setup. This facilitates integration of such systems into the clinical setting. This design thesis explores the possibilities of the use of 2D computer-assisted measurement systems and CAS systems for the orthopaedic surgery practice. These systems will use intra-operative fluoroscopic images and knowledge about the surgical procedure to compensate for the absence of a full three-dimensional patient model. In order to design and build 2D CAOS systems close cooperation with orthopaedic surgeons is an absolute necessity. This research was conducted in cooperation with the Catharina Ziekenhuis in Eindhoven. The computer-assisted systems were developed by using a rapid prototyping design strategy. To facilitate the prototyping process we developed software tools to capture and display images, to locate the surgical instruments and the bony anatomy within the images, to take measurements, and to display overlay graphics. First, the software tools were used to develop several computer-assisted measurement programs. These programs enable the surgeon to perform clinical measurements electronically on digitised films. Next, the tools were used to develop a CAOS system for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. In this procedure the surgeon uses arthroscopic and single plane fluoroscopic imaging. This CAOS system assists the surgeon in the preoperative planning phase and in the intra-operative positioning of the tunnels that are used to insert the new ACL graft into the patient's knee. To investigate the limits of this '2D-plus approach' we tried to develop a CAOS system for hip fracture surgery, in which fluoroscopic images taken from two directions are used. The surgeon combines these two images and positions a guide wire in the centre of the femoral head. Using a 2D-plus CAOS system in combination with a mechanical guide that is visible in both images, the surgeon can place the guide wire more accurately. The computer-assisted measurement systems reduce the measurement times and thus save costs. Besides this, the accuracy of the measurements can be improved and the automatic data storage enables direct statistical analysis. The time saved with our measurement Contents Summary 9 Contents 11 Chapter 1
Computer methods and programs in …, 2008
c o m p u t e r m e t h o d s a n d p r o g r a m s i n b i o m e d i c i n e 8 9 ( 2 0 0 8 ) 76-82 Free form deformation Image-based reconfiguration Computer aided design a b s t r a c t Background: At present the interest in medical field about the generation of threedimensional digital models of anatomical structures increases due to the widespread diffusion of CAS -computer assisted surgery -systems. Most of them are based on CTcomputer tomography -or MR -magnetic resonance -data volumes but sometimes this information is not available; there are only few X-ray, ultrasound or fluoroscopic images.
vihos.masfak.ni.ac.rs
In this paper two types of human femur geometrical models and method for its creation are presented. Created method is developed with respect to the morphological and anatomical properties of the human femur, and it enables forming of parametric polygonal mesh and decriptive XML models. The parametric mesh model is based on two parameters, acquired from medical imaging method (CT, X-ray). The first parameter is determined as distance between most prominent points on epicondyles -Df, and the second one as distance between line conecting the most prominent points of epicondyles and the center of the femoral head -FHA. The purpose of the polygonal mesh model is to improve the preparation of orthopedic surgeries and make it easier. The aim of XML model is to enable exchange of mesh model data between applications in network environment. The presented models are applied in the application for preoperative planning, developed by the authors. The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery Volume 26, Issue 7 , Pages 901-906
Patient-Specific Three-Dimensional Composite Bone Models for Teaching and Operation Planning
Journal of Digital Imaging, 2009
Background: Orthopedic trauma care relies on two-dimensional radiograms both before and during the operation. Understanding the three-dimensional nature of complex fractures on plain radiograms is challenging. Modern fluoroscopes can acquire three-dimensional volume datasets even during an operation, but the device limitations constrain the acquired volume to a cube of only 12-cm edge. However, viewing the surrounding intact structures is important to comprehend the fracture in its context. We suggest merging a fluoroscope’s volume scan into a generic bone model to form a composite full-length 3D bone model. Methods: Materials consisted of one cadaver bone and 20 three-dimensional surface models of human femora. Radiograms and computed tomography scans were taken before and after applying a controlled fracture to the bone. A 3D scan of the fracture was acquired using a mobile fluoroscope (Siemens Siremobil). The fracture was fitted into the generic bone models by rigid registration using a modified least-squares algorithm. Registration precision was determined and a clinical appraisal of the composite models obtained. Results: Twenty composite bone models were generated. Average registration precision was 2.0 mm (range 1.6 to 2.6). Average processing time on a laptop computer was 35 s (range 20 to 55). Comparing synthesized radiograms with the actual radiograms of the fractured bone yielded clinically satisfactory results. Conclusion: A three-dimensional full-length representation of a fractured bone can reliably be synthesized from a short scan of the patient’s fracture and a generic bone model. This patient-specific model can subsequently be used for teaching, surgical operation planning, and intraoperative visualization purposes.