Серегин Н.Н., Чистякова А.Н., Монгуш К.М. Редкое металлическое зеркало чжурчжэньского времени из Тувы / Seregin N., Chistyakova A., Mongush K. RARE METAL MIRROR OF THE JURCHEN TIME FROM TUVA (original) (raw)
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Серегин Н.Н., Нарудцева Е.А., Чистякова А.Н., Радовский С.С. Металлическое зеркало юаньского времени из собрания Алтайского государственного краеведческого музея // Вестник археологии, антропологии и этнографии. 2021. №1. С. 42-49. , 2021
This article is concerned with the Chinese metal mirror, which, as it has been found during the study, has been stored for a long time in the collection of the Altai State Museum of Local Lore, but as yet has not attracted the attention of specialists and has not been introduced into scientific discourse. A special research has been required to determine the time and circumstances of its arrival to the museum, which involved working with the documentation of the Altai State Museum of Local Lore, stored both within the institute and in the State Archives of the Altai Territory. It has been concluded, that the mirror represents an occasional find and it came to the museum in the first quarter of the 20th century from the Yenisei Province (currently, the southwestern part of Krasnoyarsk District. The article presents a detailed morphological characteristic of this artifact. The basis of the composition in the ornamented part of the mirror is a stylized image of a single dragon. Its mouth is trying to grasp the holder, which symbolizes the “fire pearl”. The analysis of the specialised literature and catalogues showed that in Chinese mirrors such composition appeared only during the Tang Dynasty (618–907) and continued to exist during the Song Period (907–1279). It has been determined that the composition presented on such objects was reproduced for several centuries (Jin, Liao, and Yuan Dynasties), undergoing transformations associated with stylistic nuances (details of the image, shape of mirror, presence or absence of inscriptions) and size and quality of the objects. Based on the obtained data, the mirror from the Altai State Museum of Local Lore has been attributed to the Yuan dynasty period. There are almost no analogies to such objects in Northern and Central Asia, despite the significant number of mirrors of the Mongolian time stored in collections of Siberian museums. Therefore, it seems possible to acknowledge the rarity of these very specimens; the fragmentarity of their distribution could possibly be explained by peculiarities of the history of specific craft centers that have yet to be investigated. Key words: metal mirror, China, museum, accidental find, dragon, interpretation, Yuan Dynasty.
Серегин Н.Н., Тишкин А.А., Матренин С.С., Паршикова Т.С. Редкие категории предметного комплекса из объектов жужанского времени некрополя Чобурак-I (Северный Алтай) // Сохранение и изучение культурного наследия Алтайского края. Барнаул: Изд-во Алт. ун-та, 2023. Вып. XXIX. C. 218–225., 2023
The article presents a characteristic of a series of items discovered during excavations of the Rouran period necropolis at the Choburak-I burial ground. This multi- temporal site, located in Northern Altai, was studied by the expedition of Altai State University. As part of the numerous inventory of 12 undisturbed burials, the finds are distinguished that are rare for the subject complex of the population of the Bulan-Koby culture. These include an iron cauldron, a collection of items made of bone and horn (a comb, an arrowhead, a cosmetic brush, claps, fasteners for elements of horse equipment), as well as stone whorls. It has been established that these finds demonstrate the original characteristics of the material culture of the nomads of the Northern Altai in the Rouran period. Some finds at the same time testify to the influence of the traditions of the “Bulan-Kobins” on the formation of the appearance of some functional sets of the early Turks (the second half of the 5th–7th centuries AD).
Вестник Томского государственного университета, 2018
Imported metal mirrors found in archaeological sites of the Altai and the southern part of the Upper Ob region are informative sources for the reconstruction of various aspects of the history of Siberia. The article presents a comprehensive study of such finds, which relate to the Middle Ages. The main approach is the correlation of visual analysis of mirrors with data obtained during the detection of the chemical composition of the items with a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The research was based on 33 finds recorded during the excavation. The artifacts under consideration come from sites of well-known archaeological cultures (Turkic, Srostki, Karmatsky), as well as from objects of the Mongolian time of Mountain Altai. The general chronology of the complexes under analysis is determined within the second half of the first – first half of the second millennium AD. The study of metal mirrors from the early medieval sites made it possible to distinguish two main groups of finds. The first is represented by products whose design features indicate their Chinese origin. The second group of products is connected, according to available data, with the Central Asian production centers. A similar situation is revealed in the study of metal mirrors of Mongolian time. However, if the origin of one group of products from Chinese centers is unquestionable, then the location of the second group of findings requires additional research. The separation of these two groups of metal mirrors is also confirmed by results of an X-ray fluorescence analysis. Thus, a comprehensive study of the examined category of imported items from the sites of the Altai and the southern part of the Upper Ob region demonstrates the existence of two main directions of contacts of the medieval population, which remained relevant for a long period of history. A significant part of the products reflects direct or indirect contacts of the periphery of nomadic empires with Chinese craft centers. Such metal mirrors could appear on the nomads’ territory as a result of military campaigns during the rule of the early medieval kaganates. The origin of the second group of metal mirrors is associated with the western direction of the nomads’ relations in the region under consideration. The appearance of such products in the Altai sites in the early Middle Ages demonstrates the contacts of the local population with the Kimaks of East Kazakhstan.
Седла монгольского времени из Часовенной горы под Красноярском
Марсадолов Л.С., Степанова Е.В. Седла монгольского времени из Часовенной горы под Красноярском // Творец культуры. Материальная культура и духовное пространство человека в свете археологии, истории и этнографии: Сб. науч. ст. / Отв. ред. Н.Ю.Смирнов. Санкт-Петербург: ИИМК РАН, 2021. С.487-506, 2021
Marsadolov L.S., Stepanova E.V. Saddles of the Mongol period from Chasovennaya Gora near Krasnoyarsk // The creator of culture. Material culture and the human spiritual space in the light of archaeology, history and ethnography: Collection of scientific papers dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Professor D. G/ Savinov / Ed. N. Yu. Smirnov. (Proceedings of IHMC RAS. Vol. LVII)— St. Petersburg: IHMC RAS, 2021. P. 487-506 Archaeological sites of the Mongol period in Southern Siberia are so far not numerous. New materials on three saddles from the monument Chasovennaya gora situated near Krasnoyarsk and explored by S.A. Teplouhov in 1927, are briefly examined in this article. In each of the three burials a full set of horse tack including a bridle and a saddle was found. The design of saddle with silver plates was more thoroughly analyzed and a new reconstruction of the saddle was presented. A saddle with silver plates from grave No. 3 at the Chasovennaya Gora cemetery can serve as a standard of the elite Mongol saddles of the 13th–14th century, while it is reasonable to apply the notion of the Chasovennaya-Gora type of saddles only more narrowly to this group of saddles. Analysis of the horse gear from Chasovennaya Gora confirms the already previously expressed opinion that the site of Chasovennaya Gora belongs generally to the period of the Mongol expansion and the concluding stage of the existence of the state of the Yenisey Kyrgyzes. The horse equipment from Chasovennaya Gora, similarly to its main grave inventory, is of a mixed character. Only the saddle from grave No. 3 may be attributed to the Mongol type while the saddles from graves No. 2 and No. 1 are Kyrgyzian. Considering the features of the horse equipment, the site under consideration is datable to within the 13th century.