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A diversity of opinions concerning what the School of Salamanca is flourish in contemporary academic literature, and interest in its study has notably increased. This paper offers a systematic analysis of the sixteenth to eighteenth-century authors that José Barrientos presents in his work Repertorio de moral económica (1536-1670): la Escuela de Salamanca y su proyección (EUNSA, 2011). A study of the information that Barrientos provides-including years of edition of the different works, the places of publication, variations in the cited authors, the religious orders to which their authors belong and the central themes discussed-aims to show the rise and decline of the School, and its importance for the West's economic and political history. It concludes that the School of Salamanca's efforts were the first attempt to configure specialized and systematic thought about economic and social problems starting from the medieval tradition and up to Renaissance humanism.