Physiological Roles of Plant Nutrients, Ions, and Phytometabolites Homeostasis in Activating Antioxidative Defense Systems and Conferring Tolerance to Osmotic Stress (original) (raw)

Taylor & Francis, 2021

Abstract

Osmotic stress caused by drought or salinity is one of the most adverse constraints in agriculture system, threatening human food security worldwide. Like other environmental stimuli, osmotic stress sensing-signaling pathways begin with perception (by interacting Ca2+-sensor proteins) and generation of Ca2+ signals, which are under the influence of the complex interacting signaling networks inclusive of redox components, hormones, and chemicals. The differential plant responses affected by plant genetic diversity, growth stages, defense mechanisms, phytometabolites, and constantly changing environmental stressors of different types, combinations, and conditions make the interpretation of results more difficult. The influence of breeding strategies and agricultural managements should be considered in all plant cells, tissues, and organs during the whole-plant life cycles even after being exposed to stress to assess stress responses, repair processes, and stress memory. The present chapter represents the basic information regarding the physiological roles of plant nutrients, ions, and phytometabolites involved in activating defense mechanisms against osmotic stress conditions. Thus, the information provided in this chapter is aimed to help in breeding strategies for finding plant species and cultivars tolerant to osmotic stresses for proper agricultural managements.

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