Drought Stress Sensing-Signaling in Plants (original) (raw)

Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology 4th Edition Taylor & Francis, 2021

Abstract

Drought stress as a major constraint in agriculture severely disturbs plant biological processes. Understanding drought-induced signal generation, perception, transduction, and, thereby, adaptation responses at signaling and molecular levels is essential for designing drought-tolerant plants to survive under ever increasing environmental stresses and meet the increasing global demands for food and feed. However, since information regarding the molecular steps and the relations between drought stress sensing-signaling pathways have remained largely dispersed or unknown, this review article provides a broad view of the intricate relationships between these events and highlights the challenges for future research. Plant cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), including receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs), and also plant specific two-component receptor-like histidine kinase (HK) 1 perceive and transduce drought stress signals. DORN1 (DOESN’T RESPOND TO NUCLEOTIDES) perceives extracellular adenosine 5’-triphosphate (eATP) and together with other receptors phosphorylate NADPH-oxidase enzymes. The activities of NADPH oxidases regulate redox signaling, which consequently modulate Ca2+ and Ph signatures to induce abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. Redox signals induce gene expression in ABA-dependent and -independent manners, which is mediated by a complex signaling network composed of receptors, phosphatases, kinases, and signaling crosstalk. The molecular steps underlying these signaling events are discussed to provide insights for developing drought-tolerant plants.

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