A Detailed Analysis of the Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event Message Structure in an IEC 61850 Standard-Based Substation Automation System (original) (raw)
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In order to implement an IEC 61850 communication system, there needs to be a complete understanding of the methods, tools and technologies associated with the communication network, protocol and messaging underpinning the services. The IEC 61850 standard allows for communication between devices within a substation where a peer-to-peer model for Generic Substation Events (GSE) services is used for fast and reliable communication between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). One of the messages associated with the GSE services is the Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) message. A detailed analysis of the structure for the GOOSE message is required for fault diagnosis, or when developing hardware that is compliant with the IEC 61850 standard. This is one of the stated objectives of the Centre for Substation Automation and Energy Management Systems (CSAEMS) in the training of prospective specialists and engineers. A case study is presented where the structure of the GOOSE message as described in IEC 61850-8-1 is confirmed using firstly simulation, then experimentation with actual IEDs. In the first instance the message structure is confirmed by simulation of the GOOSE message and capturing it using network protocol analyzer software, after which analysis of the packet frame is performed. Data encoding of the GOOSE Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is analyzed with emphasis on the Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN. 1) Basic Encoding Rules (BER). The second part of the case study is conducted through experimentation with IEDs which are used to generate a GOOSE message and network protocol analyzer software is used to analyze the structure. Both the simulation and practical experimentation with actual devices confirm the GOOSE message structure as specified in part 8-1 of the IEC 61850 standard.
Analysis of Norm IEC 61850 in the.pdf
The tendency of using a protocol allows electrical substations to become " intelligent " , that is, capable of communicating in a much more efficient manner. This greatly reduces the number of connections, and as a consequence optimizes the speed between messages. The Norm IEC 61850-9-2 came to minimize the use of cables for the interconnections of various equipments involved in safety procedures of a substation. The present paper, has the objective of identifying a way of integrating the Norm IEC-61850 with the transmission of data via " Generic Object Oriented Substation Event " (GOOSE) and of substituting the direct connection of binary I/O's of the Intelligent Electronic Devices also known as IED's.
Analysis of Norm IEC 61850 in the Transmission of Data via Communications Network of Substations
The tendency of using a protocol allows electrical substations to become "intelligent", that is, capable of communicating in a much more efficient manner. This greatly reduces the number of connections, and as a consequence optimizes the speed between messages. The Norm IEC 61850-9-2 came to minimize the use of cables for the interconnections of various equipments involved in safety procedures of a substation. The present paper, has the objective of identifying a way of integrating the Norm IEC-61850 with the transmission of data via "Generic Object Oriented Substation Event" (GOOSE) and of substituting the direct connection of binary I/O's of the Intelligent Electronic Devices also known as IED's.
Safety related functions with IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2019
The international standard IEC 61508 introduces the concept of "safety related function" to achieve a satisfactory level of safety in processes that show unacceptable risks. A safety function is actuated by a safety system made up of one or more "sensors" that detect the abnormal condition, a "logic solver" that acquires the data from the sensor(s) and commands one or more "actuators" to drive the plant in safe condition. In many applications, the actuator is an electrical device, i.e. a circuit breaker that may be controlled through an IEC 61850 network. A typical architecture for industrial applications sees a PLC/DCS for controlling the process and an IEC 61850 network for controlling the electrical system. Safety related systems (SIS) are to be certified, and the availability of the system must be calculated using the procedure described in IEC 61508. Today, electrical devices with IEC 61850 are not yet certified for safety applications, so a formal issue arises. In this paper we compare the technical specifications of IEC 61850 with the requirements for safety fieldbus specified by IEC 61784-3. A complete series of tests was carried out to verify the robustness of IEC 61850 to the communication errors that may affect a network, and results are reported.
S-GoSV: Framework for Generating Secure IEC 61850 GOOSE and Sample Value Messages
Energies
Standardized communication plays an important role in substation automation system (SAS). IEC 61850 is a de-facto standard in SAS. It facilitates smooth communication between different devices located in the substation by achieving interoperability. Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) and Sample Value (SV) messages developed according to IEC 61850 enable efficient monitoring and operation control of SAS. IEC 61850 is very popular due to its flexible and robust modeling. As the number of critical infrastructures that employed IEC 61850 increases, it is important to study cybersecurity aspects as well. To this end, this paper develops a software framework, S-GoSV (Secure GOOSE and SV), that generates custom GOOSE and Sample Value messages. Furthermore, security features are added to protect them from different security attacks within a substation. IEC 62351-6 specifies digital signatures to achieve node authentication and messages integrity. Therefore, S-GoSV implements R...
The IEC 61850 standard platform is so influential in the world of Substation Automation Systems (SAS). The power industry is seeking a universal communication standard to enable interoperability and integration of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in substation automation. IEC 61850 has a comprehensive structure and systems used for communication in the form of Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) protocol. The GOOSE can group a data set, and transmit substation events like, signals, alarms and commands in the form of a message. This paper explains the system configuration of the Victoria University Zone Substation (VUZS) simulator model, which is composed of a typical terminal zone substation voltage of 66kV/22kV: two-bay of separate 66kV sub transmission line, two-30MVA, 66kV/22kV step-down transformer, three-22kV feeders per bay, 66kV and 22kV Bus Coupled with bus tie circuit breaker. The design of VUZS is based from a real arrangement of a distribution substation in Australia. The twenty-five IEDs, from ABB and GE, will be employed for the design, operation, protection and control of VUZS simulator. The three-software involved to interface the IEDs in the system are the PCM600 and EnerVista proprietary software, which are from ABB and GE respectively, and IET 600 software from ABB which acts as a system integrator. This paper aims to demonstrate the use of GOOSE messaging as a communication standard at VUZS simulator based on IEC 61850 for multi-vendor IEDs.
IEC 62351-4 Security Implementations for IEC 61850 MMS Messages
IEEE Access
With the deployment of advanced information and communication technologies (ICT) the legacy power grid is being transformed as smart grid. However, the extensive use of ICT makes it vulnerable to cyberattacks. Standardization of power system communication with interoperable protocols has many benefits and at the same time the standardized semantics makes it much more vulnerable to cyberattacks. IEC has published a new standard IEC 62351 which provides the security guidelines for securing power system communication against cyber-attacks. In this paper, the cybersecurity considerations for IEC 61850 Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) messages as per the IEC 62351-4 standard are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the implementation of IEC 62351-4 security specifications for MMS messages are demonstrated through experiments in lab. INDEX TERMS Power system communication; Security and Privacy Protection; IEC 61850; IEC 62351-4. I. INTRODUCTION With the integration of instrumentation, control and information communication technologies to conventional power system has led to power system automation and transition of legacy power grid to smart grid. Substations are digitalized with incorporation of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) which enhances the control and automation capabilities [1]. IEC 61850 is by far the most popular standard for power utility automation. Due to the objectoriented modelling approach and interoperability features, IEC 61850 has become most popular standard for power utility automation not only for substation automation systems but also for other areas of smart grid communication [2]-[4]. However, with increased automation and use of standardized communication makes the power system/substations much more vulnerable to cyberattacks. Exploiting the standardized semantics make it is much easy for adversaries to launch different types of attacks [5]. Recent events such as Ukraine black out, Stux-net virus attack, etc., are some examples of such attacks [6]. Hence, cybersecurity considerations for preventing attacks on standardized communication in smart grids is essential. IEC 61850 standard doesn't discuss the cybersecurity concerns [7]. IEC 62351 standard compliments the IEC 61850 by
Vulnerability and Impact Analysis of the IEC 61850 GOOSE Protocol in the Smart Grid
Sensors
IEC 61850 is one of the most prominent communication standards adopted by the smart grid community due to its high scalability, multi-vendor interoperability, and support for several input/output devices. Generic Object-Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE), which is a widely used communication protocol defined in IEC 61850, provides reliable and fast transmission of events for the electrical substation system. This paper investigates the security vulnerabilities of this protocol and analyzes the potential impact on the smart grid by rigorously analyzing the security of the GOOSE protocol using an automated process and identifying vulnerabilities in the context of smart grid communication. The vulnerabilities are tested using a real-time simulation and industry standard hardware-in-the-loop emulation. An in-depth experimental analysis is performed to demonstrate and verify the security weakness of the GOOSE publish-subscribe protocol towards the substation protection within the smart g...
IEC 61850 Network Cybersecurity : Mitigating GOOSE Message Vulnerabilities
2019
The IEC 61850 standard defines the organization and communication of protection, automation, and control information over Ethernet networks in a power substation. This makes the security and reliability of the electric power system directly dependent on the security and reliability of the communications network. The communications network is a conduit for malicious attacks in a substation that can cause material and operational damage. This paper explores security weaknesses in the Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) protocol and how to mitigate them using managed switches and software-defined networking (SDN).
61 IEC 61850 Communication Networks and Systems In Substations: An Overview for Users
Over the last decade, the "digitization" of the electron enterprise has grown at exponential rates. Utility, industrial, commercial, and even residential consumers are transforming all aspects of their lives into the digital domain. Moving forward, it is expected that every piece of equipment, every receptacle, every switch, and even every light bulb will possess some type of setting, monitoring and/or control. In order to be able to manage the large number of devices and to enable the various devices to communicate with one another, a new communication model was needed. That model has been developed and standardized as IEC 61850 -Communication Networks and Systems in Substations [1]. This paper looks at the needs of next generation communication systems and provides an overview of the IEC 61850 protocol and how it meets these needs.