Energy alternatives for lighting in households: An evaluation using an integrated goal programming-AHP model (original) (raw)
2013
This paper presents electricity utilization and saving potential assessment for residential lighting demand side management program. The assessment involves combined Baseline Energy Use method and Analytic Hierarchy Process which represent technical and customer preference approaches, respectively. Residential lighting load curve and lamps' share of ownership are estimated based on the first method whereas selected lamp energy saving strategy is obtained using Analytic Hierarchy Process. The selected research area is on the residential sector of Surabaya, which is the second largest city in Indonesia and involving 762,248 households represented by 384 households as survey participant. From the analysis, the city's annual electricity consumption from lamps utilization in residential sector is estimated around 1,747 GWh. As two mostly selected saving strategies, simultaneously applying Peak Clipping in terms of switching off selected existing lamp during peak hours and Energy Efficiency in terms of existing lamps replacement with energy efficient ones would achieve annual electricity saving around 476 GWh. Moreover, around 40.8 MW peak load reduction would be potentially reached or around 7.7% reduction on Surabaya distribution system's peak load.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ACHIEVABLE ENERGY SAVINGS PROVIDED BY LOW ENERGY LIGHTING SYSTEMS
ABSTRACT The energy consumption of buildings accounts for a significant amount of the total energy consumed by society. In the UK, domestic operational emissions currently accounts for over a quarter of the UK's total CO2 emissions (ONS, 2008). Despite increasingly tougher legislation for building fabric performance unregulated appliance and lighting emissions have continued to rise in the UK (Boardman et al, 2005).
1992
Rudy Verderber of LBL's Lighting Systems Research Group and Issac Turiel of the Energy Conservation Policy Group provided valuable technical support on this project. Greg Rosenquist performed environmental and peak load analyses, and Sajid Hakim assisted with table production. We thank Nan Wishner for copy editing and Ted Gartner, Dorothy Harvey, Kristen Nickel, and Esther Malveaux who produced the final document. The following individuals reviewed a draft version of this report. Review of the document does not necessarily constitute an endorsement of the results; the authors are solely responsible for its ..
Twenty-year tracking of lighting savings and power density in the residential sector
Energy and Buildings
Lighting energy consumption represents a significant percentage of total energy consumption in residential building sector. During the last 20 years, advanced energy-efficient lighting fixtures have been introduced worldwide to conserve the energy consumption in residences. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, very few studies have been conducted to evaluate the association between the introduced lighting fixtures and the resulted energy savings using valid measurements and verification techniques. This study evaluates the techno-economic impact of replacing new energy efficient lighting in residences in Egypt (a representative MENA region country). A quantitative analysis is applied by tracking the utility bills of 150 residential apartments in Cairo. The average measured power consumption before (1993-1998) and after (2009-2014) installation energy efficient lighting fixtures is analyzed. A building performance simulation model is developed to back the findings. The findings indicate a significant disparity between the estimated savings based on simulation and the real measured savings due to penetration, rebound effect and low quality lamps. Moreover, the findings present an example of quantified benefits of energy efficient lighting, which is very important to inform the decision making of public policy makers, investors and building occupants.
ENERGETIC EFFICIENT LIGHTING PROJECT - CASE STUDY
Aspects as contents of colors reproduction, color temperature spectrum, lamp efficiency, high power factor, and high efficiency of the reactor and luminous efficiency of the lamps have great importance for the making of an energetic efficient project. This paper investigates options that present smallest "initial investment -better performance" rates, in other words, it has for goal the proposal of the best technical-economical solution in lighting, appropriate to the plant and the employees. The organization of this paper describes, therefore, the costs with initial investment, substitutions of lamps, accessories and costs with electric power during a period of 10 years.
Energy management and the application of energy consumption reduction methods is high on the priority list of South Africa's electrical supply utility, Eskom. One of Eskom's Demand Side Management (DSM) recovery plan steps was the establishment of a subsidy programme for energy auditing and energy efficient lighting. A need arose to implement new lighting designs and to improve existing lighting systems. These improved lighting systems are used as recommendations in Energy Audits to achieve lighting efficiency and energy consumption reduction. It also highlights and promotes cost effective designs and energy management. New and better lighting methods are developed and researched to increase returns, domestically and in industry. This also highlights the importance of energy consumption reduction. This paper also discusses an Energy Audit conducted at a school in Worcester by the Service Learning and Development (SLD) unit of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Electrical Engineering Department in Bellville. The SLD delivers a service to the community, to improve their standard of living and to provide training to electrical engineering students. The aim of the project was to recommend energy consumption reduction methods.
Energy Efficiency, 2013
Using LEDs can significantly reduce the current household lighting energy use in Finland during 2020-2050. Our calculations show that the potential of using LEDs in reducing household lighting energy use and corresponding CO2 emissions in Finland during 2020-2050 can be significant. Reductions from the current level of Finnish household lighting energy use (1.8 TWh/a) were 59 % in 2020, 72 % in 2030 and 78 % in 2050, when a high LED penetration was assumed. Lighting energy savings in 2020 would mean a 1.3 % reduction from the current total electricity use in Finland (84.2 TWh/a). The starting point in 2012 was that the share of incandescent lamps was 32 % and the share of LED lamps 6 % of the total amount of lamps in an average household. Using the current average emissions factor (current electricity production structure), the saved amount of energy in 2020 means 234 000 tonnes of CO2. Using the marginal emissions factor, the saved amount of energy means 920 000 tonnes of CO2 emissions.
Replacement policy of residential lighting optimized for cost, energy, and greenhouse gas emissions
Environmental Research Letters, 2017
Accounting for 10% of the electricity consumption in the US, artificial lighting represents one of the easiest ways to cut household energy bills and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by upgrading to energy-efficient technologies such as compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and light emitting diodes (LED). However, given the high initial cost and rapidly improving trajectory of solid-state lighting today, estimating the right time to switch over to LEDs from a cost, primary energy, and GHG emissions perspective is not a straightforward problem. This is an optimal replacement problem that depends on many determinants, including how often the lamp is used, the state of the initial lamp, and the trajectories of lighting technology and of electricity generation. In this paper, multiple replacement scenarios of a 60 watt-equivalent A19 lamp are analyzed and for each scenario, a few replacement policies are recommended. For example, at an average use of 3 hr day −1 (US average), it may be optimal both economically and energetically to delay the adoption of LEDs until 2020 with the use of CFLs, whereas purchasing LEDs today may be optimal in terms of GHG emissions. In contrast, incandescent and halogen lamps should be replaced immediately. Based on expected LED improvement, upgrading LED lamps before the end of their rated lifetime may provide cost and environmental savings over time by taking advantage of the higher energy efficiency of newer models.
Cost-benefit analysis and emission reduction of lighting retrofits in residential sector
Energy and Buildings, 2005
This study projects electricity savings, cost-benefit analysis and emission reduction of lighting retrofits in Malaysia residential sector. The cost-benefit is determined as a function of energy savings due to retrofit of more efficient lighting system. The energy savings were calculated based on 25, 50 and 75% of potential retrofits of inefficient lighting in residential sector. The study found that, this strategy save a significant amount of energy and consumers money. However, an effort to create energy efficiency awareness among consumers and subsidies efficient lighting should be identified, because this efficient lighting is quite expensive in Malaysia. #
The Scientific World Journal, 2014
This study projects electricity savings, cost-benefit analysis and emission reduction of lighting retrofits in Malaysia residential sector. The cost-benefit is determined as a function of energy savings due to retrofit of more efficient lighting system. The energy savings were calculated based on 25, 50 and 75% of potential retrofits of inefficient lighting in residential sector. The study found that, this strategy save a significant amount of energy and consumers money. However, an effort to create energy efficiency awareness among consumers and subsidies efficient lighting should be identified, because this efficient lighting is quite expensive in Malaysia. #