Butt and Hit - the Heart Kidney Saga: A Snap Shot and Long Term Perspectives (original) (raw)
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The Professional Medical Journal
Objectives: To compare the effect of active and secondhand smoke to unexposed smoke and to renal functions in young healthy Medical Students. Study Design: Cross sectional study comparative. Setting: Mohi-ud-din Islamic-Medical-College Mirpur AJ&K. Period: Fanuary-2018 to February-2019. Material & Methods: 350 healthy medical students aged 17-19 years were divided into active, secondhand and unexposed to smoke on basis of serum cotinine levels. The estimated GFR was measured by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, albuminuria by albumin to urinary creatinine ratio, BMI by body weight (kg) to height (m2) and blood pressure by mercury manometer. The chronic kidney disease was classified into low, moderate and high risk according to Kidney Disease: Improving-Global Outcomes-2012-guidelines. Results: Out of 350 participants, 49 were active and 126 were of secondhand smoke. Most were male, overweight or obese, have high systolic and diastolic pressure and decreased eGFR. The C...
In India smoking is a common habit prevalent in both urban and rural areas. Cigarette smoking has extensive effect on cardio-vascular function and is clearly implicated in the etiology of number of cardio-vascular diseases particularly atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and hypertension. All attempts have been made to study cardio-vascular functions among smokers and non-smokers populations in a rural area at Rural medical College Loni (Ahmednagar, Maharashtra). Blood pressure and electro-cardiogram were recorded in 100 healthy male subjects comprising of 50 healthy smokers and 50 non-smokers. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate are increased immediately after smoking.
Bidi and cigarette smoking and risk of acute myocardial infarction among males in urban India
Tobacco Control, 2005
Death from myocardial infarction (MI) in India is exacerbated by smoking of bidis or cigarettes. Smoking among 309 men with incident MI was compared to 618 age matched controls; 56% of the individuals with MI and 26% of controls were current smokers. Current smokers had a relative risk of 4.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2 to 6.9) compared to never smokers. Relative risks for smoking more than 10 cigarettes or 10 bidis daily were 9.1 (95% CI 4.7 to 17.7) and 8.1 (95% CI 4.3 to 15.3), respectively. It is estimated that smoking may cause 53% (95% CI 47% to 64%) of MIs among urban males in India. M yocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of mortality and disability of adults in urban and rural India, and occurs at a younger age than in western populations. 1 For example, about 30% of all estimated MI mortality occurs at ages 45-59 years in India, versus only 14% in high income countries. Male smoking of cigarettes or, more commonly, bidis-small unfiltered cigarettes hand rolled in a temburni leaf-is well established in India and has been recently documented as a major cause of death among Indian men, 2 3 with much of this resulting from vascular and respiratory disease. 2 Smoking of cigarettes and bidis has been associated with a twofold risk for fatal MI in India. The risks of smoking for non-fatal MI are less well established in India. The large hospital based ''Interheart'' case-control study, which included some 2171 patients from ''South Asia'', found a threefold relative risk of MI for smoking, with a population attributable risk of 37%. We know of only one study in India (based at one referral hospital) that examined the risk of smoking bidis or cigarettes and non-fatal MI. 5 The risks of smoking for nonfatal MI were among a younger population than that seen in the Interheart or other western studies. 6 Indeed, even within largely western populations, the international World Health Organization MONICA (multinational monitoring of trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease) project recently reported a nearly fivefold elevation in risk for non-fatal MI associated with current smoking in younger men. Given the younger age of onset of cardiovascular disease in Indians and the unique patterns of bidi use, it is critical that risk for non-fatal MI be assessed in this population. We report here a case-control study of acute incident MI from eight hospitals in two cities in the north and south of India, and the risks associated with both cigarette and bidi smoking.
Medical Science, 2015
Background Cigarette smoking is an important cause of mortality across the world, resulting in death of nearly six million people. Nearly 40% of the deaths are caused by cardiovascular disease and 20% are due to lung cancer. Cigarette smoking is said to increase the susceptibility towards vascular injuries by impacting phases of atherosclerosis, and altering blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and elevating plasma catecholamine levels. The objective of this study was to assess if cigarette smoking increases the rate pressure product (RPP) at rest and after standing in young adult light smokers compared to non-smokers. Methods 30 young adult smokers and 30 non-smokers (19-24 years) were enrolled in this case control study. The smoking packyears was calculated. Blood pressure (BP) was measured and RPP was calculated. The mean values between both groups were compared using the univariate analysis of variance adjusted for confounding variables. Results The smoking pack-years was 1.6±1.0 (0.2-4.5). RPP in smokers was 88.8±8.0, 96.2±10.2 at rest and after standing respectively. RPP in non-smokers at rest was 81.6±8.1 and 89.5±10.3 after standing. RPP was statistically significant in between both groups at rest. Conclusion Smoking increases the RPP significantly in young adult light smokers due to an increased HR when compared to nonsmokers, at rest. This study reinforces that young adults who are light smokers have an increased workload on the heart, which affects their cardiac performance.
Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking with Vitals of Young Male Adults in District Hyderabad, Sindh
ANNALS OF PUNJAB MEDICAL COLLEGE, 2024
Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the significant public health concerns worldwide. Its effect on various physiological systems is well-documented, with evidence strongly indicating its adverse effects on vitals including heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature. Objective: This study aimed to find the relationship between cigarette smoking and vitals among young male adults of district Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan. Study Design: It was a crosssectional comparative study. Settings: Hyderabad district of Sind, Pakistan. Duration: January 2024 to March 2024. Methods: A simple random technique was used to collect the data. Blood pressure was measured by a digital sphygmomanometer in a sitting position; Heart rate was measured by using a digital pulse oximeter. Results: In this study, 365 individuals participated, categorized into two groups, smokers (n=166) and non-smokers (n=199). The mean ages of smokers were 29.65 ± 4.52, and non-smokers were 28.87 ± 4.35. Heart rate was 68.79 ±3.95 in smokers and in non-smokers 65.85 ±3.15 beats per minute, respiratory rate was 16.93 ± 2.31 in smokers and 1.27 ± 0.79 beats per minute, the temperature was 97.30 ± 0.60 in smokers, and in non-smokers, 96.48 ± 0.61 Fahrenheit, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in smokers were 121.35 ± 8.56, 82.35 ±3.75 and in non-smokers were 116.57 ±5.65, 79.68±4.23. All vitals were found to be higher in smokers compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: In this study, the findings concluded the positive association of cigarette smoking with increased vitals among young adults.
Update Dental College Journal, 2013
In Bangladesh, use of different kinds of smokeless tobacco and smoking is common among adult men. The study aimed to assess blood pressure parameters among adult male smokers and smokeless tobacco users as data on related field is limited and inclusive. For this study, 105 male respondents were selected from outdoor department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Among them, 30 were smokeless tobacco users and 75 were smokers. All data were recorded in data collection form. Statistical analysis of results between the groups were calculated by using unpaired students't' test. In this study, the mean (±SD) of systolic blood pressure was 154.50±26.79 mm of Hg in Group A and 151.67±19.24 mm of Hg in group B respectively. The mean (±SD) of diastolic blood pressure was 96.67±10.93 mm of Hg in Group A and 86.47±14.74 mm of Hg in group B respectively. The mean (± SD) of diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Group A than Group B. Future research should aim to...
Comparative Study of Electrocardiographic Parameters among Tobacco Smokers and Tobacco Chewers
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology, 2019
Background and Aim: Nicotine and other components of cigarette can produce profound changes in the heart, which can be assessed by doing electrocardiogram (ECG). The present study compares the vitals and ECG parameters among tobacco non-smokers (controls), tobacco smokers and tobacco chewers. Methods: One hundred and fifty healthy male volunteers, age group of 18-25 years from outpatient department, were included for the study. The subjects were divided into group 1 (control, n=50), group 2 (tobacco smokers, n=50) and group 3 (tobacco chewers, n=50). Subjects were asked to abstain tobacco and beverages consumption 2 hours prior to recording ECG. The subject's vital: blood pressure and ECG parameters: heart rate, QT interval, QTc (corrected QT interval) were recorded in physiology lab of Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Results: The data analysis was done by independent student "t" test. The data analysis showed significant increase in blood pressure on comparison of group 1 with group 2 (p=0.001) and group 3 (p=0.001) respectively. The data analysis of ECG parameters also showed decrease in QT and QTc (corrected QT) comparing group 1 with group 2 (p=0.001) and group 3 (p=0.001) separately which was highly significant. There was significantly increase in heart rate on comparison of group 1 separately with group 2 and group 3. Conclusion: The study concluded that the consumption of either smoked or chewed form of tobacco adversely affects cardiovascular system.
A Study of Blood Pressure and Electrocardiography Changes among Smokers and Non Smokers
2018
Introduction: Tobacco smoking is one of the common cause of the preventable deaths globally. It contains nicotine which causes physi cal and psychological dependencies in creases the blood coagulability and causes conduction block, re-entry and ventricular fibrillation. Cigarette components causing cardiovascular abnormalities as sessed by doing cheapest method ECG. Material and Methods: A prospective case control study was done on 100 smokers and 100 non smokers. Detailed clinical examination was done to rule out any other physical illness. BP and 12 lead ECG were done in all participants.Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Resting heart rate, the p wave, the PR interval,the QRS complex,QTc(corrected QT interval),ST segment,T wave abnormalities were assesed in both group and statstical analysis was done by unpaired T test. Result: Prevalence of hypertension was higher in smoker's.A significant correlation with elevated systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pres...