Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Auto Parts-Manufacturing Plants’Workers (original) (raw)
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INTRODUCTION The World Health Organization has characterized "work-related" diseases as multifactorial to indicate that several risk factors (e.g., physical, work organizational, psychosocial individual, and sociocultural) contribute to causing these diseases [1]. "Musculoskeletal disorders'' include a wide range of inflammatory and degenerative conditions affecting the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, peripheral nerves, and supporting blood vessels. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are widespread in many countries, with substantial costs and impact on quality of life [2]. MSDs occur in certain industries and occupations with rates up to three or four times higher than the overall frequency. High-risk sectors include nursing facilities; air transportation; mining; food processing; leather tanning ; and heavy and light manufacturing (vehicles, furniture , appliances, electrical and electronic products, textiles, apparel and shoes) [3] Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders are also highly prevalent in manual-intensive occupations, such as clerical work, postal service, cleaning, industrial inspection and packaging 4. Back and lower limb disorders occur disproportionately among truck drivers, warehouse workers, airplane baggage handlers, construction trades, nurses, nursing aides and other patient-care workers, and operators of cranes and other large vehicles [4, 5]. ABSTRACT Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are a major public health problem in industrialized and developing countries. The present study was aimed to find out the prevalence of acute and chronic WMSD's in Industrial workers. Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 60 workers of the Adon Block department workers of the electrical & automation industry, Ahmednagar. Pre-structured occupational Performa was filled by asking questions in the worker's local language. The Nordic pain Questionnaire was filled by asking the subjects to mark the sites of pain on body chart paper. The risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal problems were assessed by the working posture of workers and repetitive movements in industrial set up. The data collected were interpreted and analyzed. Results: In the present study, 60 workers were selected, of which a number of females were 39 (65%) while males were 21 (35%). The Neck (20.2%) followed by the shoulder (14.9%), elbow (14.4%) and knee (14.4%) were most commonly involved. There was a statistically significant variation in the number of workers involved according to the posture (sitting vs standing) and part of the MSK system involved. Conclusion: The WMSD's are common in Adon block department workers. The involvement of neck, shoulder, lower back and arm was common in sitting position, while the involvement of upper back, elbow and knee were common in standing position. The disorders are commonly seen in workers irrespective of their duration of work and gender..
Background: Molasses making is one of the most agro-based sectors in India where about 4.50 core rural people are involved in the sugarcane cultivation and 5 lakh are directly engaged in the small-scale industries. The workers are prone to different health problems, but the effect has rarely been evaluated. Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the musculoskeletal disorders of the molasses making workers and its association with age, experience, education, and addiction to smoking and alcohol. Materials and Methods: Working postures are analyzed by Ovako Working Posture Analysis System method. A modified Nordic questionnaire is used to survey the workers’ work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), job details, and socioeconomic status. Statistical tests, namely, mean, standard deviation, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) are computed to analyze the data. Results: Due to poor working postures, a large number of workers are suffering from lower back and shoulder pain. Strong associations are observed between upper back pain with the age group of 31-45 years (OR 2.03, 95% CI [0.84, 4.91]) and illiterate (OR 2.06, 95% CI [0.90, 4.71]) workers. High ORs for musculoskeletal disorders are found among experienced and non-addicted workers. Conclusions: Definite pattern of risk factors can be obtained by including workplace stress and strain in the study. Awareness and educational campaign about the wrong working postures and WMSDs will help to reduce the risk factors. KEY WORDS: Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders; Molasses Workers; Ovako Working Posture Analysis System, Odd Ratio
The Prevalence, Causes and Prevention of Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders
Global Academic Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are collectively referring to an array of conditions affecting the human locomotor system, such as muscles, nerves, joints, tendons and spinal discs. MSDs related to work are called occupational MSDs and are typically caused by physical factors consisting of repetitive tasks, forceful exertions, awkward positions, vibration due to use of vibrational tools and prolonged staying in the same positions. These physical factors are often complicated by psychosocial factors comprising job demand, job control, social support, job satisfaction, job security, work arrangement, etc. which can aggravate the biomechanical loading imposed by physical factors, thus resulting in more severe outcomes. Besides, individual factors such as health conditions, age, education level and medical history could lead to highly variable physiological responses and internal tolerances, hence outcomes. As the physical and psychosocial risk factors vary widely in different workplaces, the prevalence of MSDs tends to vary with sectors, occupations and even regions. Generally, healthcare sector has been reported to have relatively high occupational MSDs cases in multiple nations. To prevent occupational MSDs, priority should be given to elimination of the associated risks through job and workplace designs and management. Where elimination is not practical, the risks could be reduced through modification of workplace layout, work environment, work systems and tools as well as the use of mechanical aids. Provision of information, instruction and training, and other administrative controls such as job rotation which do not target at reducing the risks would have lower priority and should be used together with other control measures of higher priority.
Pervasiveness of work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders on Indian construction workers
International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 2023
Indian construction involves a large number of organized and unorganized workers. There is always a risk of accidents, injuries and disability due to working in an awful, inconvenient workplace and unfavourable conditions. Construction workers work in static, dynamic and awkward postures throughout the day. The work duration, frequency of working and working technique has led to the development of Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in construction workers in India. The study was conducted to corroborate the feeling of pain in different body parts by construction workers and its association with an individual risk factor, physical risk factors and psychosocial risk factors. Information was collected from four-hundred and sixty-five workers doing various construction works. The statistical analysis (Pearson correlation and Binary Logistic Regression Analysis) was performed to confirm the feeling of pain with individual, physical and psychosocial risk factors. The result shows that there is a significant relationship between pain and working in an awkward posture, age, and years of experience. Workers are exposed to the lower back (72.90%), shoulders (49.68%), arms/hands (47.31%), wrists (30.75%), legs (26.67%), neck (24.09%), fingers/thumbs (23.23%) and knees (16.13%). The result also shows that construction workers work in stressful, painful, tedious conditions and awkward postures. For the development of musculoskeletal disorders, working in an awkward posture, year of experience, doing pervasive jobs, traumatic incidents and age are more responsible for which detailed investigation is required.
Asian Journal of Epidemiology, 2019
Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is an occupational health problem that still needs to be analyzed in order to find out the prevention. The agroindustry workers are one group of workers at risk of experiencing MSDs. The aims of this study was to investigate the MSDs prevalence in rice mill operators and their related factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study has been conducted on 35 rice mill operators from 16 rice mill units in Penajam District of Indonesia. The MSDs severity was plotted by Nordic Body Map, while physical workload, work posture, risk of manual handling, holding and carrying as wells as health status of the rice mill operators were measured by the percentage of cardiovascular load, Ovako working posture assessment system, key indicator method for lifting and body mass index, respectively. Product moment Pearson and Rank Spearman were applied to identify the correlation between MSDs prevalence and parameters observed. Results: The MSDs prevalence was found on all of the rice mill operators, which categorized as low, moderate and high level of 17.1, 62.9 and 20.0%, respectively. It correlated significantly with workload (p = 0.009, r = 0.287), age (p = 0.026, r = 0.377), working period (p = 0.017, r = 0.401), working hours (p = 0.008, r = 0.441), work posture (p = 0.000, r = 0.671) and manual handling risk (p = 0.000, r = 0.689). Conclusion: The first four variables show low association (minor factors) with MSDs prevalence, while the latter two variables (work posture and manual handling risk) show strong association (major factors).
––Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are amongst the most common work-related problem in India. In Indian saw mill yards we find all the conditions which expose workers to MSD risks: hard environmental conditions (low temperatures, slippery and uneven ground), heavy works (manual handling of loads, back flexed and twisted) and dangerous tools and machineries such as chainsaws. The high manual work load can therefore cause MSDs amongst the loggers. This pathology risk increases with the component 'vibration' induced by chainsaws, tractors, skidders and other machineries. In this study we have considered different logger groups working in saw mills and we have analysed their MSD risk exposure, the typical case of manual workers in a saw mill process in northern Karnataka State, India is investigated. Most workers are male. In an Indian saw mill most of the work is still carried out manually hence issues of work related musculoskeletal disorders and injury in different parts of the body are prominent. Postural analysis using REBA, RULA indicates that the workers are working above the safe limit. The average REBA score observed was 7.5. The hazardous postures and MSD's were also justified by the questionnaires and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) techniques. Moreover the workers were exposed to noise above the OSHA's safe limits for prolonged time. These methods indicated that different body parts at specific postures are vulnerable to injury and musculoskeletal disorders and warrant immediate ergonomics intervention.
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2017
overnight rest. These types of jobs are often those involving activities such as repetitive and forceful exertions; frequent, heavy, or overhead lifts; awkward work positions; or use of vibrating equipment. [1] One of the most prevalent types of work-related injuries is musculoskeletal disorders. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) result in persistent pain, loss of functional capacity, and work disability, but their initial diagnosis is difficult because they are mainly based on complaints of pain and other symptoms. [2] Therefore, further studies are needed to analyze the association between subjective descriptions and objective findings. [3] The traumatic injuries of the muscles, tendons, and nerves due to accidents are not considered to be WRMDs or are considered separately. Work activities which are Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) are a group of painful disorders of muscles, tendons, and nerves. Carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, thoracic outlet syndrome, and tension neck syndrome are examples. Fascination with technology, overly ambitious business expectation, and neglected human factor risks can have serious effects on manufacturers, suppliers, and service enterprises. As India is one of the largest and growing hubs in the world of manufacture industry, there is a great need to identify such problem. In this study, we identified such problems and discussed it. Objectives: The aim of this study is to gather data to identify jobs or work conditions that are most problematic, using sources such as injury and illness logs, medical records, and job analyses. Materials and Methods: Data collection was done by personal interview, history and physical examinations, specific symptoms questionnaire, and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) survey for WRMDs. Results: In our study, we found that prevalence of neck pain was highest followed by back pain in general. Most participants had complained that pain only aggravated when they continue work without taking rest. On examination, the presence of cervical spine tenderness was highest, followed by hand joints and lumbar spine tenderness. In admin and skilled participants, RULA score was up to 4 (satisfactory and modification required), but in unskilled participants, RULA was up to 7 (not satisfactory and immediate changes may require). Conclusion: Work activities which are frequent and repetitive or activities with awkward postures cause these disorders which may be painful during work or at rest. Most WRMD affects the hands, wrists, elbows, neck, and shoulders.
IOSR Journals , 2019
Background: Agriculture is one of the principal occupations in India in the rural sector. The agricultural workers are exposed constantly to various kinds of hazards making them vulnerable to different musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Aims, Settings and Design: Bhatar block in Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal is agriculture based area. Objectives of the present study were to find out the prevalence and correlates of musculoskeletal disorders among agricultural workers in Bhatar block. Materials and Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted during September to November 2017 with a sample of 210 fulltime agricultural workers. They were selected from the block by multistage random sampling. With prior consent, subjects were interviewed at the household level for all relevant information using a pre-tested schedule. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was administered to identify the presence of MSDs during last one year. Analysis was done using software R version 3.4.3. Results: Among 210 study subjects, prevalence of any MSDs was 85.2%. Prevalence of acute stage and chronic stage MSDs were 15.24% and 85.2% respectively. In both acute and chronic stage, low backache was the most common MSD (32.38 % and 34.29% respectively) followed by knee pain (30.95% and 32.38% respectively). Duration of farming activity greater than 20 years had a statistically significant association with MSDs [p-value = 0.0049]. Only 43% of the workers sought medical help for their MSDs. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders among agricultural workers are quite high with various types affecting their routine as well as occupational activities. Appropriate measures may be initiated.