Determinants of Adaptation to Climate Change: A Gendered Analysis from Bahi and Kondoa Districts, Dodoma Region, Tanzania (original) (raw)
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Arid Environments and Sustainability
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Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability by Gender in Agro-pastoral Communities of Tanzania
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology
Gendered division of responsibilities in agropastoral societies of semi-arid parts of Tanzania influence the exposure of women and men differently into various experiences, skills, knowledge, technology and resources in similar ways that they expose them to climate risks and opportunities. This paper examines gender based vulnerability and adaptation strategies to climate change in these communities. The study was undertaken in two villages of Chamwino District in Tanzania. Data collection involved focus group discussions, key informant interviews and household interviews (5%). Rainfall and temperature data for the past 30 years were also analysed. Indicators of climate change and variability were revealed from both climate and social studies. Annual mean rainfall decreased from 700mm in 1980 to 490mm in 2010 while average temperatures were increasing steadily. The findings indicate that recent climatic changes have favoured pest and diseases, which affects crops, livestock and people. Late onset and early end of rain season were also recorded which lengthened the hot season of the year and early drying of water sources. It was further established that, the change in gendered roles affected women and girls more than men and boys because activities related to chores that are women roles were most affected. Responses to climatic stresses also varied by sex because they had been exposed to different skills and experiences. Lack of resources in female headed households increased severity to impacts and hindered their capacity to overcome stresses.
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Adaptation is considered an appropriate response to climate change and variability, especially for the smallholder farmers. However, the response decisions and actions of male and female farmers may be influenced by various factor and factor combinations that are not adequately understood. We hypothesized that both male and female farmers are climate change conscious and responsive; and that there is a gender dimension to the choice of a climate change adaptation strategy. We utilised a combination of descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis to study the factors that influence the choice of a decision to adapt to a climate change scenario. Using cross-sectional data collected from 136 households in eastern Uganda, we undertook the analysis at two levels; pooled sample analysis and a gender disaggregated analysis. Contrary to perceived wisdom and evidence from other empirical studies, the factors that influence the climate change adaptation decision vary considerably b...
Journal of Co-operative and Business Studies (JCBS) Vol. 6, Issue 1, April 2021 ISSN: (Online) 2714-2043, (Print) 0856-9037 Full Issue and Text Available at: http//www.mocu.ac.tz, 2021
The aim of the study was to examine strategies used by female headed households in west Kahe in adapting climate change effects. The study objectives were, to identify activities performed by female headed households, to determine socioeconomic effects of climate change on female headed households, to identify adaptation strategies of climate change implemented by female headed households and to assess key actors and their roles toward enhancing adaptation strategies of the climate change effects. The study employed cross-sectional research designs. Data and information were obtained through administration of questionnaires to 94 female headed households in Oria, Mawala, Ngasini and Kisangesangeni villages. Interviews, observations and documentary review were used in the data collection. The findings revealed that climate change effects have been observed and proven to affect different livelihood activities including agriculture activities in the study area. Change in rainfall patterns, drought and temperature increase are attributed to climate change effects in West Kahe. The study recommends that female headed households should be empowered to increase resilience capacity to climate change effects and hence improved wellbeing of the most marginalised communities.
Climate change adaptation strategies by local farmers in Kilombero District, Tanzania
Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 2013
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JOURNAL OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION OF TANZANIA
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Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Agro-pastoralists in Tanzania
Asian journal of advances in agricultural research, 2023
Climate change is seriously impacting the well-being of rural agro-pastoralists whose main livelihoods depend on rainfed agriculture. This study examined the factors that influence farmers' decisions to climate change adaptation measures. The study sampled 411 agro-pastoralist farmers and used factor analysis to extract correlated and uncorrelated adjustment strategies. These strategies include; Crop diversification, livestock diversification, small scale irrigation, rain-water harvesting and off-farm activities were found to be the adaptation strategies extracted by factor analysis as dependent variables. Results obtained by the study show that the five coefficients of the variables identified were negative while three were positive, suggesting that the propensity (tendency) of adapting a practice is conditioned by whether or not a practice in the subset has been adapted. Moreover, it is clear that in central and northern zones of Tanzania, age and access to communication media are strongly determined the decisions to adaptation strategies to climate change among the agro-pastoralists. Therefore, the paper recommends for designing policies that reflect the differences in ecology among agro-pastoralists.
2014
INTRODUCTION 1. CHAPTER ONE: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 1.1 Overview of global climate change 1.2 Climate change , vulnerability and adaptation concepts 1.3 Climate change and agriculture 1.4 Climate change in Africa 1.5 Gender issues in climate change 2. CHAPTER TWO: CLIMATE CHANGE IN KENYA 2.1 Impacts of climate change in Kenya 2.1.1 Impacts of climate change on agricultural production and food security 2.1.2 Impacts of climate change and agricultural practices 2.2 Climate change and adaptations in Kenya 2.2.1 Agro-ecological zones and climate change adaptations 2.2.2 Social economic activities and climate change adaptations 2.2.3 Gender and climate change adaptations 2.3 Climate change and the agricultural sector in Kenya 2.4 Existing gender policies in Kenya 2.5 Existing climate change policies related to agriculture 3. CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH PROBLEM AND JUSTIFICATION 3.1 Problem diagnosis 3.2 Research rationale and justification 3.3 Objectives of the study 4 3.4 Hypothesis and research questions 4. CHAPTER FOUR: RESEARCH METHODS 4.1 Research strategy 4.2 Research design 4.3 Selection of the study sites 4.3.1 KARI-Katumani in Machakos Sub-county 4.3.2 KARI-Kambi ya Mawe in Makueni Sub-county 4.3.4 KARI-Muguga in Limuru Sub-county 4.3.5 Target population 4.3.6 Sample size determination and sampling procedure 4.4 Data collection 4.4.1 Pre-preparation of data collection 4.5 Inspection 4.6 Collection of secondary data 4.7 Instruments used for the study 4.8 Piloting and validity 4.9 Data analysis 4.10 Description of key methodologies 4.11 Analytical framework 4.12 Research ethics and positionality 4.13 Limitations and challenges of the methodology 5. CHAPTER FIVE: RESULTS 5.1 5 5.5 Coping/adaptation strategies to climate change and variability 5.5.1 Adaptation strategies using agricultural practices in the study sites 5.5.2 Adaptation and coping strategies for food security 5.5.3 Smallholder farmers' desired measures that can improve crop production 5.6 Gender and adaptation/ coping options to climate change and variability 5.6.1 Gender and perceived changes in agricultural practices 5.6.2 Gender and use of agricultural practices as adaptation strategies 5.6.3 Gender and desired adaptation strategies 5.6.4 Gender, food security and livelihoods 5.6.5 Decision making on the use of crop management by marital status 5.6.6 The role of gender in management of climate risks 5.6.7 Determinants of farmers' choice on use of agricultural practices 5.7 Summary of findings 6. CHAPTER SIX: DISCUSSION 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Smallholder farmers' level of awareness of climate change and variability 6.3 Perceptions of the causes of changes in agricultural practices 6.4 Impacts of climate change and variability on the agricultural practices 6.4.1 Impacts of climate change and variability on land preparation 6.4.2 Impacts of climate change and variability on planting practices 6.4.3 Impacts of climate change and variability on crop management 6.4.4 Impacts of climate change and variability on weed, pest and disease control191 6.4.5 Climate change and household food security and livelihoods 6.5 Coping/adaptation strategies to climate change and variability 6.5.1 Current adaptation strategies in farming systems 6.5.2 Coping/adaptation strategy for food insecurity 6.5.3 Desired adaptation strategies 6.6 Gender and adaptation/ coping options to climate change and variability 6.6.1 Gender and perceived changes in agricultural practices 6.6.2 Gender and current adaptation strategies 6.6.3 Gender and food security and livelihood 6.6.4 Gender and desired adaptation strategies 7.
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This study sought to establish factors that accelerate vulnerability to climate change impact among Agro- Pastoralists in Arumeru District, Tanzania, using the Cross- Sectional Survey Design. The sample size was 202 respondents selected through random and purposive sampling procedures. In each village, 30 households of 18 years of age and above were sampled. Data was collected using household survey, focus group discussion and key informant interviews. Data was analysed through the thematic approach and descriptive statistics. The study identified some factors that accelerated vulnerability to Climate Change Impact. The study recommended that there is a need to fully involve local communities in planning and decision making on how to effectively mitigate climate change impacts on people's livelihood. There is also a need for increased consciousness of the possible impacts of climate changes. Finally, the agro-pastoralist should employ several strategies to reduce risk, such as p...
Second RUFORUM Biennial Regional Conference on "Building capacity for food security in Africa", Entebbe, Uganda, 20-24 September 2010., 2010
The way gender influences the impact and adaptation to climate change is not well understood. Therefore, the overall objective of the study is to determine the gender dimensions of the impact of climate change on agriculture and small holder farmers' knowledge, innovations and adaptations to climate change. A household survey together with an in-depth case study are being used to study two purposively selected districts that have been severely affected by climate change in Uganda, namely, Mbale and Soroti. The study will generate gender disaggregated data on impact of climate change on agriculture, economic and environmental assessment of adaptation strategies, farmers' understanding of climate change, and experiences with adaptation. The project will use the information generated to develop policy papers.