Biodegradation of diesel fuel hydrocarbons by mangrove fungi from Red Sea Coast of Saudi Arabia (original) (raw)
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Biodegradation of engine oil by fungi from mangrove habitat
The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, 2015
The pollution of land and water by petroleum compounds is a matter of growing concern necessitating the development of methodologies, including microbial biodegradation, to minimize the impending impacts. It has been extensively reported that fungi from polluted habitats have the potential to degrade pollutants, including petroleum compounds. The Red Sea is used extensively for the transport of oil and is substantially polluted, due to leaks, spills, and occasional accidents. Tidal water, floating debris, and soil sediment were collected from mangrove stands on three polluted sites along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia and forty-five fungal isolates belonging to 13 genera were recovered from these samples. The isolates were identified on the basis of a sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene fragment. Nine of these isolates were found to be able to grow in association with engine oil, as the sole carbon source, under in vitro conditions. These selected isolates and their consortium accumulated greater biomass, liberated more CO 2 , and produced higher levels of extracellular enzymes, during cultivation with engine oil as compared with the controls. These observations were authenticated by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis, which indicated that many high mass compounds present in the oil before treatment either disappeared or showed diminished levels.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2016
Hydrocarbons are ubiquitous and persistent organic pollutants in the environment. In wetlands and marine environments, particularly in mangrove ecosystems, their increase and significant accumulation result from human activities such as oil and gas exploration and exploitation operations. Remediation of these ecosystems requires the development of adequate and effective strategies. Natural attenuation, biostimulation, and bioaugmentation are all biological soil treatment techniques that can be adapted to mangroves. Our experiments were performed on samples of fresh mangrove sediments from the Cameroon estuary and mainly from the Wouri River in Cameroon. This study aims to assess the degradation potential of a bacterial consortium isolated from mangrove sediment. The principle of our bioremediation experiments is based on a series of tests designed to evaluate the potential of an active indigenous microflora and three exogenous pure strains, to degrade diesel with/without adding nutrients. The experiments were conducted in laboratory flasks and a greenhouse in microcosms. In one case, as in the other, the endogenous microflora showed that it was able to degrade diesel. Under stress of the pollutant, the endogenous microflora fits well enough in the middle to enable metabolism of the pollutant. However, the Rhodococcus strain was more effective over time. The degradation rate was 77 and 90 % in the vials containing the sterile sediments and non-sterile sediments, respectively. The results are comparable with those obtained in the microcosms in a greenhouse where only the endogenous microflora were used. The results of this study show that mangrove sediment contains an active microflora that can metabolize diesel. Indigenous and active microflora show an interesting potential for diesel degradation.
Open journal of Yangtze oil and gas, 2017
Petroleum hydrocarbons are recalcitrant contaminants that have various impacts on the natural ecosystem. Microorganisms have been widely used in recent years to remove the hydrocarbons that are present in crude oil. The objective of this research was to isolate and select microorganisms that have the potential to degrade hydrocarbons present in mangrove sediments. In present study, we have isolated fungi from clean sediment contaminated with different fractions (i.e., saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic, and no hydrocarbon compounds (NSO)) of two types of oil. There were two types of oxidation tests were performed: one in multi well plates and the other in stirring and temperature control. Screening tests were conducted to detect the biodegradation of petroleum fractions with 72 fungal isolates over a period between 12 and 48 hours. With the two oxidation tests, the 2,6-dichlorophenol-indo phenol (DCPIP) indicator made it possible to select fungi with the potential to degrade the three main fractions of oil in the Reconcavo and Campos Basins. It was observed that the fungal isolates in the cleaned sediment were able to oxidize the three fractions of both types of oil. It was also concluded that some isolated strains oxidize oil faster and more efficiently than others. The formation of a consortium with the isolated consortium was a potential for the increase of the degradation of oil in the environment.
Biodegradation of Some Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Fungi Isolated from Gulf of Suez
Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences
Petroleum hydrocarbons are one of the main pollutants which affected directly on the Gulf of Suez environment due to petroleum products deliveries and production as well as fuel combustion emissions from shipping activities and refineries. There are several Methods for treatment of hydrocarbons such as physical, mechanical, chemical and biological methods. Broth media containing ACF (accommodated fraction), WSF (water soluble fractions) or anthracene were used separately as a sole carbon source. 17 fungal species were isolated from water and sediment of three selected stations (Port-Tawfik, El-Ziaytia and Attaka), then screened in each substrate. Capillary gas chromatography (CGC) analysis used to chemically profiling each substrate after inoculation. Our results showed that, Aspergillus flavus was the most effective of degradation ACF reach to (98.79 %). In case of WSF the isolate Penicillium chrysogenium was the highest percentage of degradation (98.53 %). Anthracene degradation after 2 weeks recorded (56.08 %) by using Cladosporium sp. In conclusion, the Gulf of Suez contain several promising fungal species that could be used in biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons as a save alternatives in marine ecosystem.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2018
Hydrocarbon contamination is a serious problem that degrades the quality of mangrove ecosystems, and bioremediation using autochthonous bacteria is a promising technology to recover an impacted environment. This research investigates the biodegradation rates of diesel, hexadecane and phenanthrene, by conducting a microcosm study and survey of the autochthonous microbial community in contaminated mangrove sediment, using an Illumina MiSeq platform. The biodegradation rates of diesel, hexadecane and phenanthrene were 82, 86 and 8 mg kg −1 sediment day −1 , respectively. The removal efficiencies of hexadecane and phenanthrene were > 99%, whereas the removal efficiency of diesel was 88%. A 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence analysis revealed that the major bacterial assemblages detected were Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria. The bacterial compositions were relatively constant, while reductions of the supplemented hydrocarbons were observed. The results imply that the autochthonous microorganisms in the mangrove sediment were responsible for the degradation of the respective hydrocarbons. Diesel-, hexadecane-and phenanthrene-degrading bacteria, namely Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Staphylococcus sp., were also isolated from the mangrove sediment. The mangrove sediment provides a potential resource of effective hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria that can be used as an inoculum or further developed as a ready-to-use microbial consortium for the purpose of bioremediation.
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering, 2015
In the vicinity of red sea about 15 fungi species were isolated from oil contaminated sites. On the basis of aptitude to degrade the crude oil and DCPIP assay, two fungal isolates were selected amongst 15 oil degrading strains. Analysis of ITS-1, ITS-2 and amplicon pyrosequencing studies of fungal diversity revealed that these strains belong to Penicillium and Aspergillus species. Two strains that proved to be the most efficient in degrading crude oil was Aspergillus niger (54%) and Penicillium commune (48%) Subsequent to two weeks of cultivation in BHS medium the degradation rate were recorded by using spectrophotometer and GC-MS. Hence, it is cleared that these fungal strains has capability of degradation and can be utilize for cleaning the Saudi Arabian environment. Keywords—Fungal strains, hydrocarbon contaminants, molecular identification, biodegradation, GC-MS.
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2016
A total of 15 fungal isolates were obtained from oil-contaminated sites near the Red Sea in the Yanbu region. Based on the preliminary DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) assay, three isolates showed promising oil degrading ability. The next-generation sequencing of the ITS-I and ITS-II internal transcribed spacer regions assigned the isolates to Aspergillus and Penicillium. Among these three strains, Y2 (Aspergillus oryzae) was the most efficient, degrading about 99% of the crude oil. The degradation rates were corroborated using spectrophotometric and gas chromatographymass spectrometry analyses after two weeks of cultivation in Bushnell-Haas medium. All the three strains proved to be potent oil-degrading strains and, hence, can be utilized to degrade oil contaminants.
Diversity, 2020
While over hundreds of terrestrial fungal genera have been shown to play important roles in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons, few studies have so far focused on the fungal bioremediation potential of petroleum in the marine environment. In this study, the culturable fungal communities occurring in the port of Oran in Algeria, considered here as a chronically-contaminated site, have been mainly analyzed in terms of species richness. A collection of 84 filamentous fungi has been established from seawater samples and then the fungi were screened for their ability to utilize and degrade crude oil. A total of 12 isolates were able to utilize crude oil as a unique carbon source, from which 4 were defined as the most promising biodegrading isolates based on a screening test using 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol as a proxy to highlight their ability to metabolize crude oil. The biosurfactant production capability was also tested and, interestingly, the oil spreading and drop-collapse tests ...
Hydrocarbon-Degrading Fungi Isolated from Oil-Contaminated Sites in Northern Peninsular Malaysia
Borneo International Journal of Biotechnology (BIJB), 2023
Improper waste management from automobile workshops has contributed markedly to environmental contamination. Areas within the vicinity of these workshops are exposed to high amounts of waste engine oils and other hydrocarbon wastes. Bioremediation may provide a practical solution due to better cost-effectiveness and high probability of total mineralisation without causing secondary pollution. Thus, this study aims to isolate, characterise and identify fungi that can utilize and degrade hydrocarbon. The research was conducted by collecting soil and water samples from the oil-contaminated sites including workshops, households and a sewage treatment plant in the Northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Hydrocarbon-degrading ability was screened by growing fungi on selective agar containing waste engine oil (hydrocarbon) as the sole carbon source. The fungal colonies that grow on the selective agar were streaked and subcultured onto potato dextrose agar until pure isolates were obtained. Further screening by 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) assay was carried out to confirm the ability of all fungal isolates to utilise hydrocarbon. The isolated fungi were identified based on morphological characterisation and microscopic observation. Four fungal isolates from an oil-polluted environment were identified as Aspergillus sydowii USM-FH1, Aspergillus westerdijkiae USM-FH3, Curvularia lunata USM-FH6 and Chaetomium globusum USM-FH8. These fungal isolates showed good potential to be applied in the bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated sites.