Voodoo and Human Trafficking in Nigeria: a Nation’s Albatross (original) (raw)
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Rivers State University Public Law Journal, 2023
The most recognised and distinct dimension of the Nigerian version of human trafficking is the continuous use of voodoo to charm potential and actual trafficked persons. The use of voodoo and other control mechanisms constitute an important aspect that aids human trafficking and enables traffickers to get illegal profit.in Nigeria and other parts of the world. Voodoo and other control mechanisms has been a fundamental lubricant of trafficking in women and girls in Nigeria for sexual exploitation .The aim of this paper is to critically examine the use of voodoo and other control mechanisms such as witchcraft, force, coercion, deception, threat, oath-taking which have consistently made human trafficking to thrive in Nigeria. This paper concluded that the use of voodoo and other control mechanisms shall continue to thrive and escalate human trafficking in Nigeria if not brought under control. This paper recommended that to eradicate the continuous use of voodoo and other control mechanisms in human trafficking by traffickers, the government should make the punishment stricter by increasing the terms of imprisonment, remove the fines in the Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Enforcement and Administration Act (TIPPEAA) 2015. If the terms of imprisonment carries higher terms of 12, 15 years to 20 years like what is obtainable in other jurisdictions like the United Kingdom under the Modern Slavery Act of 2015 and the Dutch Criminal Code 1886 in Netherlands trafficking will be reduced to the barest minimum. But if the court continues to give lower sentences like 1 year, 5 years and 7 years as stipulated under the TIPPEAA 2015 presently human trafficking shall continue to thrive and traffickers will have no fear of committing or indulging in the crime every time. The law enforcement agencies should put more effort to arrest voodoo priest/ priestess and prosecute them. NAPTIP should also make efforts to making traditional chiefs and herbalist anti-trafficking ambassadors to stem the tide of the use of voodoo and other control Mechanisms of human trafficking in Nigeria.
Human Trafficking: A Modern Day Slavery in Nigeria
American International Journal of Contemporary Research
Human trafficking in Nigeria has assumed unimaginable dimension in the last two decades due to several factors which include globalization, economic recession, poverty, conflicts, weak legal system, and lack of adequate legislation and of political will. Human trafficking is an organised crime. It is a modern form of slavery. The two weapons used by traffickers to get their victims are deception and through force. Human trafficking has continued to strive in Nigeria because of collusion among security, immigration, embassy, airline officials and traffickers. Human trafficking had become a major source of concern to all societies in recent time. Human trafficking has put Nigeria on the map of the notorious. In view of the above, we recommend that the Nigerian government should address the issue of massive unemployment and poverty in Nigeria as well as create enabling environments for entrepreneurship for the citizens.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA: A MODERN DAY SLAVERY
Abstract Human trafficking is an increasing global problem that has existed for ages in the forms of slavery. Children, women and girls are trafficked in several parts of Nigeria for various purposes such as forced labour, rituals and prostitutions. The focus of this paper is on the trafficking of Nigerians within and outside of the country and the efforts of NAPTIP to stop the practice. This paper concludes that only collective efforts from the Nigerian government, the international community and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) can this inhuman trade be stopped.
Trafficking Twin Terror: Mysterious Madam and Voodoo Victimisation in the Case of Nigeria
Journal of Public Administration and Governance
The trafficking in human beings has turned out to be a menace that is difficult to eliminate, in spite of the significant policies, organisations, protective, preventable and prosecutable measures in place. Nevertheless, mysterious madam and voodoo victimisation are trafficking twin terror and two critical exploitative phenomena that had persisted and sustained international prostitution. There is little scholarly research which contributed to the said research area. This research utilises a multiple of qualitative research method of semi-structured one on one interviews, written documents, and observations with participants from government officials, nongovernmental organisation representatives and academics who are individuals indirectly or directly involved in trafficking for international prostitution in Nigeria. The study calls on the federal government to commit the village, ward, district heads, community and religious leaders in their respective communities actively.
WHY IS HUMAN TRAFFICKING A CHALLENGING ISSUE IN NIGERIA?
2015
About 21 million persons are subjected to forced labor, while some 4.5 million persons are commercial sex victims. However, Over 150 billion US dollars is made annually by the human trafficking business and about 99 billion US dollars of this amount is made from commercial sex act. Nigeria has been termed by the United States Department as a sending, transit and destination country. While victims which may include; men, women and children are transported to various countries in the globe, Nigeria women particularly from Edo State are usually moved to Italy for commercial sex exploitation. Though Nigeria has taken a bold step since 2003 to fight against human trafficking, but the anti-trafficking agencies seems to be weak particularly when compared with Italy to which the Nigeria trafficking business is strongly linked on the issue. This research is aimed at analyzing the numerous challenges faced by Nigeria in tackling human trafficking. Therefore, in order to achieve the aims of this paper, researches were carried out in order to have an in depth knowledge about human trafficking. Hence in accomplishing such knowledge, researches were made into the evolution (Slave Trade) and global current status of human trafficking, as well as the trafficking of Edo women from Nigeria to Italy for purpose of sexual exploitation.
Jurnal Undang-Undang Dan Masyarakat, 2010
Human trafficking refers to the use offorce, coercion or fraud to move people, mostly women and children, within or across Iwtional borders, for the purpose of labour or sexual exploitaliol1. Human trafficking poses global challenges relatil1g to human rights, labour and security. Every' countl)' is affected by the problem of humcm traffickil1g although the scale ofit may be higher in one country than in another. This article analyses the legal framework for dealing with the trafficking ofwomen and children in Nigeria,
THE MENACE OF CHILD TRAFFICKING AND ABUSE IN NIGERIA
2023
Child trafficking, that is, illegal human trade and abuses of a child are events and occurrences which are aimed at exploiting and taking advantage of the child. This is facilitated through coercion, deception, abduction and the use of force, for acts, such as forced labour, commercial sex or sexual exploitation; hence, precluding the child from basic human rights. In the 1900s when the awareness started on Child trafficking and abuse, the focus was predicated only upon antichild labour and anti-sex trafficking movements. However, since 2005, child trafficking and abuse have been tied to child slavery and together they have the consequences of causing death and psychological and physical damage to the child. This trafficking and slavery are sponsored by a lack of employment opportunities, corruption in government, political instability, armed conflicts, etc. Significantly, statistics show that the female child in Nigeria is subject to sexual exploitation within and outside Nigeria whereas the male children are subjected to the servitude of masters which in turn denies them the apparent benefit of staying with their parents or in a democratic society where their rights are protected and maintained. This paper considers and engages the extant laws which delimit carrying out acts such as can be rightly termed as "child trafficking and abuse" and the shortcomings of the various governmental and non-governmental agencies responsible.Finally, this paper suggests the establishment and training of the key players in this sector such as Nigerian immigration, police, etc in the practice of combatting trafficking. Also, this paper suggests training of the judiciary on matters bordering on child trafficking in case of witnesses and safety for the child from discrimination. In furtherance, the laws Criminal code and penal code be amended, etc. to obviate the menace associated with child trafficking and abuse in Nigeria.
Dynamics of Trafficking in Nigerian Women and Globalization
Trafficking in Nigerian Women appears not to be combative. The present globalization trends seem to fuel the unwholesome trade. The fact that every negative practice is foist on women leaves a bitter taste and memory. It constantly props the question-when shall women especially Nigerian women be liberated? This question begs for immediate answers. Trafficking in any person erodes the fundamental rights of such a person as to dignity of the human person and right to liberty. The necessity to curb the menace and prevalence of trafficking in Nigerian women is a hands -on task of the government and the governed including the trafficked. Thus in the main, the purpose of the writers of this article is to examine the currency of trafficking in Nigerian women as to the: meaning, extent and effects of Trafficking in Nigerian Women. The strategies for solution will be suggested.