Análisis epistemológico para la seguridad ciudadana, identificación de una amenaza (original) (raw)

2021, Identificación de una amenaza para la seguridad ciudadana

Security in the world has been imposed from a hegemonic vision, therefore the threats that were included in the security agendas of states mainly in Latin America, with little influence at the international level, did not obey their reality, as Cardinale (2018) points out "the United States as the main world power, have the ability to influence the routes of action of the rest of the actors in the system" (p. 195). The new threats have been defined as non-traditional, transnational and asymmetric, due to the fact that they use force and violence in a different way than the state can use, managing to identify among them organized crime, environmental problems, weapons of mass destruction, migratory movements, social exclusion, narcoterrorism, social inequality, among others (Cardinale, 2018, p. 145). Gathered positions of several authors, they coincide in indicating that each State must define its own threats according to its reality, in this sense common crime is a serious threat to citizen security in Ecuador, since as pointed out by Gudiño (2004) crimes against property such as robbery, theft, robbery and swindling, affect the normal development of the daily life of the country's inhabitants (p. 1). Common crime affects the objective and also the subjective dimension of citizen security, which is why this essay will focus on the crime of robbery, taking into consideration that, from the analysis of the Integral Command Control used by the National Police of Ecuador, this criminal phenomenon is the most significant at the national level. In order to have a clear understanding and delimit the field of study, this essay will take the definition of citizen security delivered by Maira Vásquez, who points out that it is "[...] a state or optimal condition -both social and institutional- for the exercise of individual and collective rights, which depends on the set of social, political, legal, cultural and institutional conditions" (Vásquez, 2015, p. 64).