A comparative analysis between Kazakhstan and Israel (original) (raw)
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2008
The radical ideology of Islamist fundamentalists espoused by Osama Bin Laden and his transnational network presents a rising threat to global security, particularly in countries undergoing political, social, and economic transformation. Such weak or failed states with their corrupt political institutions, lack of political freedoms, poor economic conditions, high unemployment, and social dissatisfaction and marginalization are the most vulnerable to radical Islamic movements and may provide fertile ground for sowing the seeds of religious radicalism. In addition, the burgeoning national security threat weak states pose inevitably will have detrimental regional and global implications. Two such examples can be found in 190 THE CORNWALLIS GROUP X: ANALYSIS FOIR NEW AND EMERGING SOCIETAL CONFLICTS Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan—Muslim countries newly emerging after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Both Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan have undergone Islamic revival after decades of Soviet religio...
Combating Terrorism in Central Asia: Explaining Differences in States’ Responses to Terror
This work examines differences in the level of violence of counterterrorism measures adopted by Central Asian states. Why do some Central Asian governments opt for wanton repression in the name of the struggle with terrorism, while others adopt less severe methods of control and prevention? To answer this question, this study draws on a synthesis of rationalist and constructivist explanations. Like rationalists, it posits that the magnitude of terrorism and states’ material capabilities affect govern- ments’ responses to terrorism. Following constructivists, the study stresses the impact of ideas about the nature of terrorist threats and views on the appropriateness of the use of force on the counterterrorism policies of Central Asian states.
Prevention of Terrorist Crimes in the North Caucasus Region
2021
The relevance of the topic is dictated by the fact that in recent decades, the threat to international security emanating from terrorism has increased many times. Terrorist organizations have become full-fledged subjects of politics on a par with political parties. In addition, enormous power and resources are concentrated in the hands of terrorist groups. Terrorist activity has become the usual way of leading a political struggle, expressing social protest. In addition, terrorism has become a tool in economic competition. Each terrorist action entails more and more human casualties. It breeds instability, fear, hatred, and distrust in society. The authors pay special attention to counter-terrorism activities in the North Caucasus Region.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
The post-Soviet states are also known as the former Soviet Republics (FSR). With the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Moscow lost almost a quarter of its territory and nearly 150,000,000 people. As a result of this process, 15 sovereign states emerged or reemerged. The post-Soviet states are very diverse in terms of culture, economy, and politics. Moreover, the phenomenon of terrorism varies in the indicated area. The research goal of this study is to identify trends related to terrorism taking place in the post-Soviet space in the years 2014-2020 (in some cases, the analysis covers the years 2015-2019, due to data availability). The research area covers the former Soviet republics, which are further divided by the author into four subregions (Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Transcaucasia, and Baltic states) that are linked by cultural and geopolitical factors. Therefore, the research object covers 15 states and 4 subregions.
Nowadays the post-Soviet Central Asian countries face a broad range of security challenges and threats. Some of them are systemic in nature, while others occur sporadically. Many challenges and threats are coming from the outside the region, but the countries' internal situation and background including historical, economic, social and political aspects. The reaction in the countries on religious-based radicalism and movements like ISIS is an ambiguous. The range and level of the threats and challenges depends on various reasons and different in all Central Asian countries. But the case of ISIS is very unprecedented and needs to be under the special analysis through the political and socioeconomic dimension in all states. The different ways of development chosen by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan and different background including borders, political systems, the role of religion and social stability defines the reflection to the threat in different way. Tajilistan and Uzbekistan are in high risk zone. The existing regional and extra regional organizations as CSTO and SCO are important in terms of security strengthening in Central Asia. Analyzing the general social, economic and religion climate picture in terms of absorbing or reflecting religious based extremism and ISIS the real power to stop it can be both effective intergovernmental cooperation and coordination with strong civil society support.
Conditions for Securitization of International Terrorism in Central Asia
Connections: The Quarterly Journal, 2005
This article was written with support from the CARI HESP OSI Program (Budapest). Irina Chernykh and Rustam Burnashev are professors at the Kazakhstan-German University. Translated from the Russian by Language Services Branch, George C. Marshall Center. 1 Of course, the assertion that the starting point for "international" terrorism was September 11, 2001 is not fully correct. For example, "the first item on the agenda of the first meeting of the National Security Council under President Reagan was international terrorism…. Secretary of State Alexander Haig announced … that 'international terrorism will take the place of human rights' as the number one priority of the Reagan administration. A decade later George Bush … proclaimed in his Inaugural Address that terrorism and drugs would be the two primary targets of his administration." James Der Derian, Antidiplomacy: Spies, Terror, Speed, and War (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1992), 73. 2 Buzan and Waever define securitization as "the discursive process through which an intersubjective understanding is constructed within a political community to treat something as an existential threat to a valued referent object, and to enable a call for urgent and exceptional measures to deal with the threat.
Terrorism and Violent Extremism in the Political agenda of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
This paper includes some results of the research conducted in the framework of U. Kassenov grant. Author gives short comparative characteristics for the political aspect of counter-terrorism and counter-extremism in two states of Central Asia. While these threats are becoming more and more sense on the agenda of the two countries, there are significant problems in attitudes and perceptions of the political establishment of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Мақалада Ө. Қасенов атындағы грант аясында жасалынған зерттеу жұмысының бірқатар нәтижелері ұсынылған. Автор Орталық Азияның екі мемлекетіндегі терроризм мен экстремизммен күресудің саяси аспектісіне қысқаша компаративтік сипаттама береді. Бұл екі елдің күн тәртібіндегі аталған қатерлердің күн санап маңызды мәнге ие болуы оларға қатысты ұстанымдар мен саяси истеблишменттің қабылдауы тұрғысынан айтарлықтай сұрақтар туындатып отыр. В статье представлены некоторые результаты исследования, проведенного в рамках гранта У. Касенова. Автор дает краткую компаративную характеристику политическому аспекту борьбы с терроризмом и экстремизмом в двух государствах Центральной Азии. В то время как в повестке дня этих двух стран указанные угрозы приобретают всё больший вес, существуют значительные проблемы в подходах и восприятии их в политическом истеблишменте.
Assessing the Threat of Terrorism in and from Central Asia
On July 29th, 2018 two Americans, one Dutch and one Swiss citizen were killed in what appears to have been a deliberate attack in southern Tajikistan. Three men, aged between 19 and 21, were linked to the attack according to officials. Authorities claim that they have killed one of the suspects and detained another. The next day, Islamic State news agency Amaq claimed responsibility for the attack, although it provided no evidence to back up this claim. If this claim can be corroborated, it would be the first successful attack linked to Islamic State in Tajikistan. Caution needs to be exercised before drawing conclusions about the attack and the motives behind it. Central Asian governments have been notoriously unreliable in their accounts of previous attacks. Before the attack took place, I wrote the following report on the threat of terrorism in Central Asia which serves as a primer for those who are new to terrorism in the region.
An Eurasian Perspective on International Cooperation against Terrorism
ASRIE - Association of Studies, Research and Internationalization in Eurasia and Africa. Geopolitical Report, 2018
Since 9/11, Islamic terrorism has gained a leading position on the political agendas of almost every actors composing the international community. Terrorism existed before, but the significance of 9/11 attacks on the world trade center in New York highlighted the relevance and dangerousness of radical Islam. A global network of militants known as Al-Qaeda was able to strike at the heart of United States – the very symbol of west-ern civilization – with unprecedented violence. Now, seventeen years later, “the threat posed by the different souls of jihadist galaxy is still far from being vanquished and it seems stronger than ever.” Although an intense international cooperation is the only way to cope with transnational terrorism, there are both vexing impediments and high risks when signing bilateral or multilateral agreements on these issues. After having portrayed the current Eurasian scenario in relation to terrorist activities, I will focus on the characteristics, dilemmas and aftermath of international cooperation against transnational terrorism in Eurasia.