Hematological Changes in Prisoners with Higher Blood Lead Levels Compared with General Population (original) (raw)
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Analysis of The Hematological And Biochemical Parameters Related to Lead Intoxication
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 19 (2012) 452-454
In parallel with industrial advancements, number of the occupational diseases secondary to chemical exposure is increasing. The chemical agents in the work places affect various organ and tissue systems, leading to chronic diseases. In this study, the cases diagnosed with occupational disease due to exposure to lead were studied and importance of the environmental forensic sciences on this issue was emphasized. A hundred and ninety patients diagnosed with occupational disease related to lead intoxication in Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital between 01/01/2009 and 31/12/2009 were included in the study. Twenty cases were used as the controls. Sociodemographic characteristics, serum chemical parameters and hematological parameters of the patients were retrospectively assessed. Mean age of the cases included in the study was 35.3 AE 8.69. Hemoglobin (Hb) (p ¼ 0.018) and Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p < 0.001) values were found significantly lower in the patients with lead exposure than in the controls. Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) was significantly lower in the patients with lead exposure than in the controls (p ¼ 0.002), whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was found higher (p < 0.001). In thyroid function test (TFTs) panel, free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels were found significantly higher in the patients with lead exposure than in the control group (p ¼ 0.01), while Thyrotrophin-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were lower (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found in terms of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values. In the correlation analysis; serum level of serum lead (Pb) was correlated positively with ALP values and negatively with Hb, MCV and TSH. Considering its effects on the biochemical and hematological parameters, a detailed investigation should be carried out in the cases with lead exposure, which occupies an important place among the occupational diseases.
Lead Exposure and Possible Association with Violent Crimes: A Field Study in Two Jordanian Prisons
European Scientific Journal, 2014
Environment has its impacts on behaviors. One of the major environmental contributors is the environmental exposure to lead. Lead is accumulated in the body and its impacts last for a long time. Several studies have associated crime rates with lead exposure. The objectives of the present study were to investigate lead levels among prisoners in two selected prisons in the Northern of Jordan and to investigate any possible correlation between lead levels and crime related variables. Methodology included visiting two prisons in the northern of Jordan, meeting 46 prisoners, filling a prepared questionnaire, and withdrawing a blood sample from each participant. The study also included 27 participants as a reference group. Blood lead level was measured using Atomic absorption Spectroscopy. Study findings showed that prisoners had a higher blood lead level (0.924+1.79 μg/dl) compared with control group (0.570 +0.560 μg/dl). No significant variation was observed between two study groups (P 0.480). The results revealed positive association between crowded traffic and lead exposure among prisoners (P 0.038). A positive association was also found between blood lead level and monthly income (P 0.000), and number of family members (P 0.000). Taken together, although the study findings showed no significant association between blood lead concentration between prisoners and reference participants, it is observed that prisoners have about double concentration of blood lead and it is highly possible that our findings supported the environmental hypothesis which explained the effects of removal of lead from gasoline in lowering crime rates in US.
Lead is a toxic metal whose widespread use has created major environmental contamination and health problems in many parts of the world. Human exposure to lead is estimated to account for 143000 deaths every year and 0.6% of the global burden of disease. Lead is a cumulative toxicant that affects multiple body systems, including the neurological, hematological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal systems. The finding of lead pollution can be difficult when there is no clear history of exposure, because lead affected individuals can be asymptomatic, and signs and symptoms, when they are present, are relatively nonspecific.
Background: Blood hemoglobin can be damaged by toxins such as lead. Thus, this study was carried out to assess its blood hemoglobin concentration in the staff of Kermanshah Oil Refinery that had been exposed to lead components. Methods: In this study, 150 workers at Kermanshah Oil Refinery were selected as the case group and 70 workers of textile industry factory were chosen as the control group. Informed written consent was obtained from them for participation in the study and blood sampling. Blood hemoglobin level was assessed by SAHLI method and serum lead concentration was assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometery at 217.4 nm. The results were analyzed by statistical procedures, such as correlation test, and P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The results showed that the presence of a statistically significant difference between hemoglobin levels (P<0.05). Mean hemoglobin level was 15.96gr/100cc in the control group and 12.51gr/100cc in the case group. There was a significant relationship between lead exposure and hemoglobin level. Conclusion: Lead is a toxin that its chronic exposure decreases hemoglobin level. Protective measures should be anticipated to save the workers from harms of lead exposure.
Effects of Exposure to Lead on Selected Biochemical and Haematological Variables
Pharmacology & Toxicology, 1996
Ahstrcrrf: Blood and urine samples were taken from 34 persons occupationally exposed to lead and from 56 non-exposed control persons and blood lead and haemoglobin concentrations, red blood cell count, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-peroxidase) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and urinary 6-aminolevulinic acid were determined. Blood lead concentrations of the lead-exposed subjects were within the range generally accepted as safe for occupationally-exposed adults in many countries (i.e. below 50 pg Pb/dl blood). Yet, significant dose-dependent elevations were found in erythrocyte GSH-peroxidase and urinary 6-aminolevulinic acid. The urinary 6-aminolevulinic acid concentration of lead-exposed smokers WAS significantly elevated over that of lead-exposed non-smokers. Smoking did not affect the urinary 6-aminolevulinic acid concentration of control persons. In addition, a statistically significantly lower red blood cell count was observed in the lead-exposed group. Our results indicate that the above described safety standard for blood lead concentrations in occupationally exposed adults, although generally accepted, needs revision.
Extra ordinary high blood lead levels in Mashhad,Iran: a one-year study in a referral center
Physiology and Pharmacology, 2021
Introduction: Lead is a heavy metal with vast usage in the industry. Lead toxicity affects any organ in the body. It causes various clinical presentations, which leads to diagnostic complexity. Regarding recent increased observation of cases with lead toxicity in our center, we aimed to evaluate the frequencies of lead toxicity in patients referred to Imam-Reza Hospital’s laboratory and find a possible relationship between the blood lead level (BLL) and hematological and biochemical tests. Methods: From 2016 to 2017, the patients referred to Imam-Reza hospital’s laboratory to detect BLL enrolled in the study. Among them, 254 adult cases with BLLs≥10 μg/dl were selected. Complete blood counts and peripheral blood smear were done. Other lab data were extracted from hospital files. Results: The mean BLL of 1649 participants was 59.11±116.25 μg/dl, ranging from 0 to 1580. Sixty nine percent of them had lead toxicity. Eighty-one percent (n=1341) of patients were males and 18.7% (n=308) w...
Journal of Clinical Toxicology, 2018
Anemia is a world widespread health problem among infants and children, and it is often associated with an alteration in blood level of some heavy metals and essential trace elements. The aim of our study is to evaluate the association of blood lead levels (BLL) ≥ 10 μg/dl with anemia, and its effect on hematological parameters and some essential trace elements in children. This study was performed on 100 children (mean age 8.2 ± 2); they fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 75 anemic group (HB ≤ 10 g/dl) and 25 non-anemic control group (HB>10 g/dl). Blood samples were taken from subjects for estimating hematological parameters and ferritin levels along with serum level for lead, zinc, copper and iron which were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Approximately 79% of the studied children had blood lead levels (BLL) ≥ 10 μg/dl, and the blood lead level range of 1.56-26.7 μg/dl. The Serum zinc, iron and ferritin levels in children of the anemic group were significantly (p<0.001) lower than control. However, The Serum copper concentration of the anemic group were not found to significantly (p=0.92) differ from the control group. There were significant negative correlations of blood lead levels with iron (r=-0.395), zinc (r=-0.401) and serum ferritin (r=-0.609) levels among all studied children with (P<0.01). In addition to a significant negative correlations of blood lead levels with hemoglobin (HB) (r=-0.884), hematocrit (HCT) (r=-0.819) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (r=-0.452) levels among anemic group with (P<0.01). In conclusion, blood Lead level ≥ 10 μg/dl was significantly associated with risk of anemia, hematological parameters affection and also altered the status of essential trace elements. Therefore, theses parameters can be used as biomarkers for chronic lead toxicity.
Evaluation of selected publications on reference values for lead in blood
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 1996
As a part of the global Tracy project, whose aim is to define metal concentrations in tissues and body fluids of reference populations, more than 1000 papers published from 1980 to 1994 were scrutinized that presented tentative reference values for lead in blood in occupationally unexposed adult populations. Ten studies exemplifying criteria for proper sampling, analysis and data treatment are presented and discussed. Levels of lead in blood are influenced by numerous factors. Accordingly, a wide variation in blood lead concentrations was observed. As an example, in a global study in 1983 of nonsmoking female schoolteachers, the geometric mean value for lead in blood varied from 52 yg. I-' in Tolcyo, Japan, up to 193 yg. I-' in Mexico City. The Tracy survey de~uonstrates the importance of factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, food, drinking and smoking habits, hobbies, season and year of sampling, residential area, and geographic location. Lead in blood was shown to be both time and area specific. Thus it was not possible to establish a general reference value for lead in blood. Key terms inorganic lead.
Health Scope, 2020
Background: Lead toxicity has become a growing health concern in countries such as Iran. However, little information is available on the assessment and evaluation of the health effects of lead exposure in mine workers. Objectives: The present study assessed the occupational exposure to lead and examine the association of blood lead (PbB) levels with hematological and kidney function parameters in mine workers. Methods: In this matched case-control study, the level of PbB was measured in 100 workers (70 exposed and 30 non-exposed), and then its relationship was evaluated with complete blood count (CBC) parameters, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), urea, blood creatinine levels, urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), coproporphyrin, and creatinine levels. Results: The results showed a linear and significant relationship between the PbB level and B-ZPP, U-ALA, U-coproporphyrin, and U-creatinine levels in states of PbB levels > 20 μg/dL in a time and dose-dependent manner. A significant relat...
IJSET@2014 Blood Lead Level -A Review
Lead is a toxic metal whose widespread use has created major environmental contamination and health problems in many parts of the world. Human exposure to lead is estimated to account for 143000 deaths every year and 0.6% of the global burden of disease. Lead is a cumulative toxicant that affects multiple body systems, including the neurological, hematological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal systems. The finding of lead pollution can be difficult when there is no clear history of exposure, because lead affected individuals can be asymptomatic, and signs and symptoms, when they are present, are relatively nonspecific. Laboratory investigations are the only reliable way to diagnose lead – exposed individuals and therefore play an essential role in the identification and management of lead pollution and in the assessment of occupational and environmental lead exposure. Today, laboratories primarily assess lead exposure with whole blood lead measurements. Although a number o f other human tissues and fluids, such as hair, teeth, bone and urine, also reflect lead exposure, the concentration of lead in whole blood has gained wide acceptance as the most useful tool for screening and diagnostic testing. Depending on the exposure levels, lead is said to have both mild and adverse effects on the nervous system, peripheral nervous system, growth and development, cognitive development, behavior, hearing, sight, movement and muscular activities, digestive system, excretory system, blood and circulation. In severe lead level, it can also lead to death. In this article blood lead level and health effects has been discussed.