GEO-POLYMERISATION OF AGRO-WASTES AS ADDITIVES FOR CONCRETE PRODUCTION (original) (raw)
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Review: An Overview of Geopolymer Concrete
International Journal of Technical Research & Science, 2020
The world's most used construction material is concrete comprised of cement, aggregate, water, and added substances as it is seen as progressively flexible, tough, and dependable. Concrete is the second most useful material after water, which required huge amounts of Portland cement. The manufacturing procedure of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) emits a lot of CO2 which is very harmful to the environment. The amount of carbon emission is increasing day by day hence have to find an alternative of cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete is the best alternative of Portland cement which is manufactured by organic compound molecules. Fly Ash, is a measurable component of geopolymer concrete which is available in a lot of amounts. Fly ash is a waste by-product of thermal power plant its is easily accessible around world. Fly ash is rich in silica and alumina which when mix with alkaline activators makes and binding material knows as alumina silicate gel. This is the best alternative for construction material in place of Portland cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete a greener substitute for normal Portland concrete cement. This paper tells about the constituents of geopolymer concrete, its quality, and its applications.
A Review on Geopolymer Concrete
2016
Concrete is the world’s most versatile, durable and reliable construction material. Next to water, concrete is the most used material, which required large quantities of Portland cement. Ordinary Portland cement production is the second only to the automobile as the major generator of carbon di oxide, which polluted the atmosphere. In addition to that large amount energy was also consumed for the cement production. Hence, it is inevitable to find an alternative material to the existing most expensive, most resource consuming Portland cement. Geopolymer concrete is an innovative construction material which shall be produced by the chemical action of inorganic molecules. Fly Ash, a byproduct of coal obtained from the thermal power plant is plenty available worldwide. Flyash is rich in silica and alumina reacted with alkaline solution produced aluminosilicate gel that acted as the binding material for the concrete. It is an excellent alternative construction material to the existing pl...
Concrete is the world's most versatile, durable and reliable construction material. Next to water, concrete is the most used material, which required large quantities of Portland Cement. Ordinary Portland Cement production is the second only to the automobile as the major generator of carbon di oxide, which polluted the atmosphere. In addition to that large amount energy was also consumed for the cement production. Hence, it is inevitable to find an alternative material to the existing most expensive, most resource consuming Portland Cement. Geopolymer concrete is an innovative construction material which shall be produced by the chemical action of inorganic molecules. Fly Ash, a by-product of coal obtained from the thermal power plant is plenty available worldwide. Flyash is rich in silica and alumina reacted with alkaline solution produced aluminosilicate gel that acted as the binding material for the concrete. It is an excellent alternative construction material to the existing plain cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete shall be produced without using any amount of ordinary Portland cement. This paper briefly reviews the constituents of geopolymer concrete, its strength and potential applications.
Geopolymer results from the reaction of a source material that is rich in silica and alumina with alkaline liquid. It is essentially cement free concrete. This material is being studied extensively and shows promise as a greener substitute for ordinary Portland cement concrete in some applications. Research is shifting from the chemistry domain to engineering applications and commercial production of geopolymer concrete. It has been found that geopolymer concrete has good engineering properties with a reduced global warming potential resulting from the total replacement of ordinary Portland cement. The research undertaken at Curtin University of Technology has included studies on geopolymer concrete mix design, structural behavior and durability. This paper presents the results from studies on mix design development to enhance workability and strength of geopolymer concrete. The influence of factors such as, curing temperature and régime, aggregate shape, strengths, moisture content, preparation and grading, on workability and strength are presented. The paper also includes brief details of some recent applications of geopolymer concrete.
An Investigation On Geopolymer Concrete: A Review
International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity , 2021
In the world of concrete, where cement is the main constituent, there is a new development named as Geopolymer concrete (GPC). In Geopolymer concrete, the cement is totally replaced by pozzolanic materials like fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag. The Geopolymer concrete uses highly alkaline activators to act as binder for the concrete. An experimental investigation has been carried out in order to find the suitable ingredients of the Geopolymer concrete and mix design procedure is proposed to achieve the desired strength at required workability. The fly ash, being waste is disposed and hence poses an environment threat. Also for reducing the cement consumption, effective promotion of Geopolymer concrete is required. And hence, mix design procedure for production of Geopolymer concrete is essential. Therefore, efforts have been made in order to develop a mix design methodology for Geopolymer concrete with the main objective on achieving better compressive strength in an economical way. Fly ash of Class F is used as a binder material for this study, which was brought from local sources. Based on the investigation carried out, sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are taken as alkaline activator solutions. To achieve the compressive strength in an economical way, correlation between alkaline activator solution molarity and 28 days compressive strength has been investigated for the advancement of conceptual mix design method for Geopolymer concrete. The proposition of mix design includes various molarities of alkaline activator solution ranging from 12 to 16 M and the 28 day compressive strength has been calculated. The proposed design methodology has been given step wise and its verification is given with the help of example in this research. Geopolymer concrete consists of broader range of constituents and therefore for obtaining the best strength of Geopolymer mix, numerous trial mixes are required. In this research, strength criterion mix design is proposed in an economical way, considering all primary constituents and their proportions. The tests for workability, compressive strength and durability are included in this research.
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2021
In manufacturing process of cement involves emission of majority of carbon associated with other chemicals. To reduced use of amount of cement in concert we can substitute some percentage of cement by fly ash. On the other hand fly ash is difficult to dispose which is create threat to the environment. We can utilize this fly ash in cement concrete as a partial replacement of cement as well as additive so as to provide an environmentally consistent way of it's disposal and reuse from observations it found that fly ash initially imparts high strength to concrete and also reduce the permeability of concrete. Fly ash benefits fresh concrete by reducing the mixing water requirements and improving the past behaviour.
Performance Of Geopolymer Concrete Under Various Curing Conditions
International Journal of Scientific Research, 2012
This paper presents the experimental investigation done on performance of geopolymer concrete subjected to severe environmental conditions. The grades choosen for the investigation were M-30, M-40, M-50 and M-60, the mixes were designed for molarity of 8M and 12M. The alkaline solution used for present study is the combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution with the ratio of 2.50 and 3.50.The test specimens were 150x150x150 mm cubes, 100x200 mm cylinders heat-cured at 60°C in an oven. The geopolymer concretes (GPCs) have inorganic polymer of alumino-silicates as the binder whereas the conventional concretes have Portland cement (P-C) generated C-S-H gel (beside freelime). It is well known that mechanisms of attack by sulphuric acid and magnesium sulphates are different. Conventional concretes are generally not resistant to prolonged exposure to very high concentrations of these solutions because decalcification of C-S-H will occur. As a result of this, OPC concrete surface becomes soft and could be removed, thus, exposing the interior concrete layers to deterioration. At the same time as the magnesium sulphate attack, causes decalcification of C-S-H to form magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H). It also destroys the binding capacity of C-S-H and leads to a loss of adhesion and strength in concrete. Durability of specimens were assessed by immersing GPC specimens in 10% sulphuric acid and 10% magnesium sulphate solutions separately, periodically monitoring surface deterioration and depth of dealkalization, changes in weight and strength over a period of 15, 30 and 45 days. The test results indicate that the heat-cured fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has an excellent resistance to acid and sulphate attack when compared to conventional concrete. Thus we can say that the production of geopolymers have a relative higher strength, excellent volume stability and better durability.
USE OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
Nowadays, Portland cement (PC) concrete is the most popular and widely used building materials, due to its availability of the raw materials over the world. By the usage of this portland cement there may exist several problems .About 1.5 tonnes of raw materials is needed in the production of every ton of Portland cement, At the same time about one tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2) is released into the environment during the production. 3 kg of nitrous oxide released. 0.4 kg smog is released. Portland cement production accounts for about 7% of total CO2 emissions. Durability of ordinary Portland cement concrete is under examination, is less. Built in corrosive environments start to deteriorate after 20 to 30 years. So, to minimise these issues, the world needs. An environmentally friendly construction material because of the desire to reduce CO2 emissions, Save nonrenewable energy resources, provide aesthetically pleasing and healthy surroundings and at the same time minimize waste. In this article flyash is used as replacement of cement mixed with ggbs and NAOH(sodium hydroxide) the mixes are f100g0, f90g10, f80g20, f70g30, f60g40, with molarity 8M concentration of M25 grade compressive strength, spilt tesile strength, flexural strength are calculated . Indoor outdoor and oven curing is done. The results show that spilt tensile strength 40% slag has better results.
APPLICATION OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
The demand of concrete is increasing day by day and cement is used for satisfying the need of development of infrastructure facilities, 1 tone cement production generates 1 tone CO 2 , which adversely affect the environment. In order to reduce the use of OPC and CO 2 generation, the new generation concrete has been developed such as Geopolymer concrete. It uses fly ash and alkaline solution as their Binding Materials. Geopolymer requires oven curing in the varying range of 60C to 100C for a period of 24 to 96 hours. In this paper concluded that all researchers have put their efforts to show the effect of GGBS on Geopolymer Concrete. However it should be noted that with the variation in the parameters such as Na2SiO3/ NaOH Ratio, Molarity of NaOH, Curing temperature, Curing time makes the Variation in the Strength. Replacement of Fly ash by GGBS increases the Strength gradually without Oven curing provision. A lack of information on some aspects of geopolymerisation has become apparent and the research community should focus on these gaps.
Geopolymer Concrete - A Brief Review
2014
Large quantities of Portland cement is one of the major generator of carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere causing environmental problems and In addition to that large amount of embodied energy also being consumed for the cement production and also consumes huge amount of the natural resources i.e. limestone and fossils fuel but also produces almost 0.9t of CO2 for 1t cement clinker production. Also world cement production generates 2.8 billion ton manmade greenhouse gas annually on the other side abundant availability of fly ash worldwide creates opportunity to utilize (byproduct of burning coal, regarded as a waste material) as substitute for OPC to manufacture concrete solving the disposal problem and substitute to concrete by an eco friendly and sustainable material similar to conventional concrete. Geopolymer or inorganic alumino-silicates polymer is synthesized from predominantly silicon and aluminum materials of geological origin or by product materials, such as fly ash with alkaline liquids such as a combination of Sodium Silicate and Sodium Hydroxide. The chemical composition of geopolymer is similar to that of zeolite, but amorphous in microstructure. Flyash-based geopolymer binders show excellent short and long-term mechanical characteristics and similar or even better to conventional concrete and geopolymers are much superior to aggressive environment and fire than conventional concrete.