Protective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Alphonsea sclerocarpa against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats (original) (raw)
Related papers
Effective healthful medicinal plants as antilithiatic Agents
journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, 2019
There is associate recent and famed reality "the garden is that the poor man's apothecary" and treatment of every and each sickness is hidden in nature. Medicative plants area unit extremely reputable everywhere the globe as an expensive supply of therapeutic agents for the hindrance and treatment of varied diseases. Since ages, herbs area unit being employed for treating completely different| completely different} ailments in several components of world by different communities. A concretion, additionally referred to as a concretion could be a solid concretion or crystal aggregation shaped within the kidneys from dietary minerals within the excretion. The matter of urinary stones or calculi could be a terribly ancient one these stones area unit found altogether components of the tract, the kidney, and also the vesica and will vary significantly in size. Urolithiasis could be a complicated method that happens from series of many chemistry event together with super-saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation and retention at intervals the kidneys. Gift article deals justifiably, varieties of excretory organ stones, risk factors associated, diagnosing and treatment ways together with several medicative plants as flavourer choice for treatment of urinary stones.
International Journal of pharma and Bio Sciences, 2020
Urolithiasis is a common disease that has been recognized and documented in medical literature even by the Greek and Roman physicians. Carissa carandas Linn., is ensconce all over India mostly in the semi-arid territory. Karonda trees are extensively cultured in the domicile gardens, farmer's fields, and orchards as hedge-row plants. The aim of the research was to evaluate the antiurolithiatic property of Carissa carandas Linn. leaf extract in rats. Urolithiasis in male Wistar albino rats was experimentally induced by administration of 0.75% (v/v) ethylene glycol in drinking water ad libitum for 28 days. Also the animals were treated with three doses of EELCC (ethanolic extract of leaves of Carissa Carandas Linn.) i.e., 100, 200, 400 mg/kg and Cystone 750 mg/kg b.w., p.o., respectively once daily from 15 th to 28 th day. On the 29 th day, the bodyweight difference was measured and animals was housed in individual metabolic cages, urine (pooled) collected for 24 h. Blood was collected on the same day and centrifuged. Parameters like urinary volume and pH, urinary analysis (Calcium, Oxalate, Creatinine, Uric acid, Blood urea nitrogen, and Urea) and serum analysis (Calcium, Oxalate, Creatinine, Uric acid, Blood urea nitrogen, and Urea) were performed to access the antiurolithiatic activity. The urine was subjected to microscopical study to observe the CaOx crystals. Thereafter the animals were sacrificed, kidneys excised followed by weighing the difference and estimation of homogenate parameters (Calcium, Oxalate, MDA, GSH, Catalase and SOD). Histopathological study of the kidneys were done by light microscopy, whereas the EELCC treated rats (400 mg/kg) showed no presence of CaOx crystal deposits and apparently retained normal morphology, tubular epithelial cells and glomeruli as in normal control group when compared with Cystone (750 mg/kg). Urolithiasis caused significant (P< 0.01) changes in all parameters in lithiatic control group rats as compared to normal control group rats., treatment with EELCC at three doses i.e. 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and Cystone 750 mg/kg showed comparatively a significant (P< 0.01) restoration of all altered parameters. Based on results it can be concluded that the EELCC at dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited significant (P< 0.01) anti-urolithiatic activity on experimentally induced urolithiasis.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.12\_Issue.9\_Sep2022/IJHSR-Abstract21.html, 2022
Many novel compounds had obtained from the plants having medicinal property. Among the medicinal plants, those having antiurolithiatic properties are important and are very effective in controlling and curing of stone formation in the urinary tract. The inhibitory effect of aqueous methanolic extract of traditionally used medicinal plants were studied on the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOX) stone in aqueous as well as in urinary medium. The inhibitory effects were presented as the percentage of inhibition or the degree of inhibition as compared to blank urine. The inhibition in stone formation is due to its capacity of increasing the solubility product of its constituents and is determined through chemoinhibition experiment. The antiurolithiatic properties of different medicinal plants were studied and presented in decreasing order in the present work. The finding give support the effectiveness of many medicinal plants against the urolithiatic cases specially in CaOX formation as used in the folklore medicine.
Evaluation of In vitro anti urolithiasis activity of herbal drugs
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2022
Urinary stone disorder has afflicted human kind since antiquity and can persist, with serious medical consequences, throughout a patient's lifetime. The common component of urinary stone is calcium oxalate (CaOx). In spite of tremendous advances in the field of medicine, there is no truly satisfactory drug for the treatment of renal calculi. In the indigenous system of medicine, the leaves Mentha piperita (family-Labiatae) Elettaria cardamom (zingiberaceae) and Syzygium cumini (family-Myrtaceae) are reported to be useful in the treatment of urinary stones. Hence, in the present study, the Mentha piperita, Elettaria cardamom and Syzygium cumini have been selected for their In vitro Antiurolithiatic activity on experimental kidney stones of calcium oxalate crystals.
Antiurolithiatic plants: Multidimensional pharmacology
Urolithiasis is a common problem afflicted for many centuries with high recurrence. The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information about traditionally used antiurolithiatic plants and their scientifically proved pharmacological activities like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, astringent, demulcent, diuretic, litholytic, lithotriptic, antiurolithiatic, antispasmodic, ACE inhibition and Phospholipase A2 inhibition as a plausible mechanism of action. A total of 503 species, 365 genera and 119 families were cited for treating kidney stones. The most cited families are Asteraceae (41), Fabaceae (34), Lamiaceae (26), Apiaceae (21), Rosaceae (19) and Poaceae (16). The most common used plant parts are root and rhizome (25%), mode of preparation decoction (62%) and route of administration is oral in all cases. This review will provide the opportunities for the future research and development of new natural antiurolithiatic compounds. Introduction The belief and observations regarding traditionally used medicinal plants, increasing the interest of people to use natural medicine for their primary health care needs. A wide range of medicinal plants have been used in different countries and cultures as a prophylactic and curative agent for urolithiasis. Most of the remedies are very useful, but their mechanism of action remains unclear. Scientific studies reveal the mechanism of actions of these antiurolithiatic plants and the results show very interesting and multidimensional action, responsible for their effectiveness at different stages of urolithiasis, such as, the diuretic action increases the quantity of fluid going pass through the kidneys as a result flush out the deposits. Therefore, the increase in urine volume decreases the saturation of the salts and prevents the precipitation of the crystals at physiological pH. Breaking, disintegration and dissolution of preformed stones (litholytic activity) and binding inhibition among particles to form stones (lithotriptic activity) play an important role in this pathological condition. Crystal inhibitors decrease crystal nucleation, aggregation and growth. Furthermore, they inhibit crystallization by their adsorption to the crystal surface which makes them unable for renal tubular attachment (crystallization inhibition activity). In urine different crystalloids like oxalate, uric acid, calcium and cystine are present with mucin and sulphuric acid colloids in dissolved form. The disturbance in crystalloid-colloid balance (increase in crystalloid and decrease in colloid) causes renal stone formation. Renal exposure to oxalate and calcium oxalate causes lipid peroxidation, produces Reactive Oxygen Species followed by renal cell injury and inflammation. This loss of membrane integrity, promotes fibrosis and collagen formation, facilitates calcium oxalate retention and subsequent stone formation [1, 2]. Renin-Angiotensin System activates the NADPH oxidase in renal cells, which produces Reactive Oxygen Species. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition significantly reduces calcium oxalate crystal deposition and renal inflammation. The Reactive Oxygen Species end up phospholipase A 2 activation through nuclear transcription factor NF-κB. Activation of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 generates arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine, which increase reactive oxygen species production that in turn increase in cell death and crystal formation [1, 3]. The obstructing stone causes renal colic and in this condition an antispasmodic activity of the smooth muscles along with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities play an important role in symptomatic relief from renal colic and dysuria. Antispasmodics help in stone passage. The obstruction of urine outflow by stones decreases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) resulting nitrogenous waste (urea, creatinine and uric acid) accumulation in blood
A Review On Anti-Urolithiatic Activity Of Herbal Folk Plants
2017
Objective: Urolithiasis is a common problem of various centuries with high recurrence. The present review is an attempt to share traditionally used antiurolithiatic plants with their mechanism of action. Chemical principles from herbal sources have become much simpler and have contributed significantly to the development of new drugs from medicinal plants. Urolithiasis is a common disorder expected to occur in approximately 12% of the population, with a recurrence rate of 70-81% in males, and 47-60% in females. It causes serious health problems such as severe pain, urinary tract obstruction and infection that adversely affect well-being of individuals. Treatment option includes like surgical, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL), and open or laparoscopic stone removal which are costly and painful. Many synthetic drugs used like diuretics and narcotic analgesics are being used in treatment of kidney stone but overuse of synthetic drugs, which produce higher incidence ...
Systematic Review of Medicinal Plants as Potential Anti-Urolithiatic Agents
International Journal of Advanced Research, 2020
Chemical compounds from different plant sources and plant products are referred to as 'Phyto-constituents'. These are mainly extracted from the plants either in fresh or dried forms. These bioactive compounds are necessary mediator in the pathophysiology of kidney stones. Unlike allopathic medicine that target only one aspect, most of plant-based therapies have been shown to be effective at different stages of stone pathophysiology. A number of ethno-medicinal plants from different countries are used against urolithiasis. However, the knowledge of health-promoting plants is limited to few elderly people of villages. This review aims to highlight the current trends in research of ethnomedicinal plants possessing potential anti-urolithiatic activity. The results as presented in this review demonstrate the promising role of phyto-extracts in the management and treatment of kidney stones. The study would help investigators to identify lead chemical compounds or formulate herbal products responsible for urolithiatic activity.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012
Ethnopharmacological relevance: A well-known traditional herb Solanum xanthocarpum is widely used in India for the management of different ailments including urolithiasis. This study was designed to rationalize the use of Solanum xanthocarpum in kidney stone and to investigate its mechanism of action. Materials and methods: The saponin rich fraction prepared from fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum (SXS) was evaluated for antiurolithiatic activity by in vitro and in vivo studies. In ethylene glycol (EG, 0.75% in drinking water for 28 days) induced urolithiasis model, two different experimental doses (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, p.o., for 28 days) of saponin rich fraction were selected by dose fixation study. After 28 days, various biochemical parameters were measured in urine, serum and kidney homogenate. Kidneys were also subjected to histopathological analysis. Results: In vitro calcium oxalate crystal (CaOx) nucleation as well as aggregation was inhibited in artificial urine solution by SXS. The lithogenic treatment caused polyuria, damage renal function and oxidative stress, manifested as increased malondialdehyde, depleted reduced glutathione and decreased antioxidant enzyme catalase activities of the kidneys, which were prevented by simultaneous administration with SXS. Lithogenic treatment also caused crystalluria, hyperoxaluria, hypercalciuria, hypocitrauria, and hypomagnesaemia. Deposition of CaOx in renal tissue and cellular injury were seen in histopathology. Co-administration of SXS had potential to prevent these pathological changes due to lithogenic treatment. Moreover, SXS raised level of glycosaminoglycan, a stone inhibitor macromolecule found in urine which decreased. Conclusion: The antiurolithiatic activity in Solanum xanthocarpum is mediated possibly through the inhibition of CaOx crystal formation and its effect on the urinary concentration of stone-forming constituents and nephrolithiasis inducing factors and this study rationalizes its medicinal use in urolithiasis.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019
Medicinal plants was commonly used as an alternatives for treating many ailments including kidney stones disease. These plants provides various promising features as to confered health benefits, lessen the side effect and safe to be consumed. In this regards, a present study was conducted on five Malaysian traditional plant which are A. nanus, A. malaccensis, C. xanthorrhiza, P. atrocarpus and G. mangostana to investigate their inhibition effect towards stone crystallization using in-vitro technique. The plant extracts was obtained by using water decoction method. The turbidity of plant extract and calcium oxalate (CaOx) mixture was observed for inhibition activity in nucleation assay using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Standard drugs Cystone, was used as positive control in comparison. Among all, the best inhibition rate was possessed by A. Malaccensis extract (77.27%) with no significant different (p<0.05) in comparison to Cystone while the lowest inhibition rate was occupied by C. xanthorrhiza extract (32.95%). The abundance amount of phytochemicals particularly steroid and saponin in A. Malaccensis extract might contributes to the high inhibition activities of calcium oxalate crystallization while low amount of phytochemicals was observed in C. Xanthorrhiza extract. Therefore, it can be concluded that these five traditional plant exhibited antiurolithiatic properties by inhibiting the crystallization of calcium oxalate.
Achyranthus aspera Linn (AA), Moringa oleifea Lam (MO) and Scopario dulcis Linn (SD) are the traditional plants which have many applications in pharmaceuticals, alternative medicines and natural therapies. AA the whole plant is characterized by its uterine stimulant and many more activities.SD is traditionally used in the treatment of diabeties, jaundice and stomachache etc.MO is an important medicinal herb and is considered as miracle tree. All parts of the plant are useful for human health.In the indigenous system of medicine, AA, MO and SD is reported to be useful in the treatment of urinary disorders. In the present study, an effort has been made to establish the scientific validity for the antiurolithiatic property of aqueous and alcoholic extract of leaves of AA, MO and SD using ethylene glycol induced hyperoxaluria model in rats. The acute oral toxicity study was carried out as per the guidelines set by (OECD) .The LD50 and ED50 of the drugs were calculated. Albino rats were selected and given 1% ethylene glycol in drinking water to induce hyperoxaluria. In six groups the oral administration of the aqueous and alcoholic extract of AA, MO and SD, the others are standard and control. After 14th and 28th day of treatment urine was collected and estimated for ionic concentrations. After 28 days the histopathological study has been done. In vivo antioxidant activity parameters such as Lipid per oxidation, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione, Catalase were also monitored. It shows decrease in MDA and increase in GSH, CAT, and SOD. The drug treated group animals were resulted in significant reduction in the bladder stones compared to the control and standard cystone treated group and enzyme activity for antioxidant property and more in methanolic extract. Among these Scoparia dulcis is having better effect than the others. The action of herbal drugs exerts their antilithogenic properties by altering the ionic composition of urine viz.; decreasing the calcium and oxalate ion concentration or increasing magnesium and citrate excretion. The extracts of AA,MO and SD at a dose of 200mg/kg produced significant reduction in MDA and increased GSH and antioxidant enzyme likes SOD and CAT compared to standard group cystone. When comparing these three plants the Scoparia dulcis is having better activity than the others.