Suspected Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE) in a Boer cross Kid: A Case Report (original) (raw)
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Suspected Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE) in a Boer cross Kid: A Case Report 1
A 1 week old male Boer cross breed goat weighing 3 kg was managed intensively in a cemented enclosure. The case was presented to the Ambulatory Unit of the Large Animal Ward, University Veterinary Hospital (UVH), Universiti Putra Malaysia. The kid was fed with colostrum. The patient was presented with swollen knee joint on both forelimbs, series of intermittent seizures, paddling, opisthotonus and torticollis. There was also loss of menace response and pupillary light reflex which indicates loss of sight of both eye s. The kid died and post mortem was conducted with the findings of severe congestion of the brain and spinal cord, mild congestion of the lung, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract. There were swelling of the knee joint of both forelimbs and suppurative synovial fluids. Histology revealed there were severe generalised congestion of the lung, brain and spinal cord. There were thickening of the intra-alveolar septa with some inflammatory cells and evidence of spongiosis in the central nervous system.
A suspected clinical case of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) in a sheep
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis is primarily a disease of goats caused by a lentivirus which affects the joints and brain of infected animals. Other small ruminants such as sheep are also susceptible to this disease. This case reports describes the clinical appearance of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection in a sheep. A 4-year-old ewe was presented to the Universiti Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia with a history of 7-day long neurological symptoms which include nystagmus, walking in circling with head tilt, unsteady gait and weakness. Blood analysis revealed a macrocytic hypochromic anemia, uremia, and hyperglobinemia. Based on the history, clinical and physical examinations, a tentative diagnosis of clinical case of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) was made. Since the disease is untreatable, the client was advised to cull the animal in order to prevent further spread in the farm.
Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports
Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is a chronic debilitating and economically important viral disease of goats. It is mainly manifested as encephalitis in kids and polyarthritis in adult goats. The present study was conducted to determine the rate of morbidity and mortality due to clinical diseases attributed to infection by Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) and to determine the serological status of CAEV in goat in North Shewa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional serological study and a longitudinal clinical case study were conducted. A total of 257 serum samples have been collected from apparently health and clinical cases attributed to CAE infection and tested with the usage of indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assays to screen antibodies against CAE. Records have been statistically analyzed by using the chi-square test. Results: During five consecutive years of longitudinal clinical study, a total of 195 clinical diseases of chronic pneumonia, nerve problems, clinical mastitis, and arthritis occurred with prevalence of 99 (50.8%), 57 (29.2%), 27 (13.9%), and 12 (6.2%), respectively. Chronic pneumonia was the highest cause of goat morbidity (50.8%) and mortality (100.0%). Of the total samples tested from clinical cases, 7 (58.3%) were sero-positive for the presence of antibodies against CAEV. The overall seroprevalence of CAE was 4.7%. There has been a significant difference (p < 0.05) in sero-positivity among management system, breeds, and age groups of goats. However, there was no significant variation in sero-positivity between the sexes (p > 0.05) of goats. Conclusion: This finding indicates that CAEV infection exists in the goat flocks in examined localities in Ethiopia. This disease poses serious animal health problems that constrain production with the presence of apparent clinical signs. Further investigations need to be done to explore the seroconversion of CAEV in small ruminants and the associated factors to plan an appropriate eradication program and prevent transmission.
Long-term study on the spread of caprine arthritis-encephalitis in a goat herd
Dynamics of the infection with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) has been studied in a goat herd for 17 years, between 1994 and 2010. During the first eight years within-herd seroprevalence raised from 6.8% to 75.0%. Lack of any control measures in the herd and unlimited contact between kids and their dams led to annual increase of seroprevalence rate by 7.7%. Implementation of the control program based on weaning kids immediately after birth and rearing them on cow colostrum and milk allowed to reduce seroprevalence to 26.4% within 5 years, with an annual decline in seroprevalence rate by 9.8%. However control program was unable to eradicate the disease and in the next 4 years the disease turned endemic with prevalence rate ranging from 26.4 to 32.7%. It seems that horizontal transmission and other technical handicaps are limiting factors which, in field conditions, do not allow to reduce the prevalence rate in CAEV-infected herds below 25-30%.
Pathogens
Chronic interstitial pneumonia (CIP) is a main pathology of sheep infected with small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV). Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is caused by the same pathogen; however, the presence of CIP has been only occasionally reported in SRLV-infected goats. We carried out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of histopathological lesions indicative of CIP in goats with symptomatic CAE, and to investigate whether CIP was associated with a higher prevalence of other types of pneumonia (purulent bronchopneumonia, fibrinous pleuropneumonia) or bacterial infections. Lung specimens and bronchial swabs were collected for histopathological and bacteriological examination, respectively, from 116 goats from a CAE-affected herd. All goats were euthanized due to severe clinical signs of CAE. The goats were seropositive for SRLV infection in two different ELISAs and the presence of SRLV antigen in the lung tissue was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Histopathologica...
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection of goats in South Australia
Australian Veterinary Journal, 1987
ertson 1980); these tests had sensitivities of 62% and 78% respectively and specificities of 71% and 57% respectively. When detecting sheep with CLA lung lesions however both the C-ELISA and T-ELISA proved more sensitive and specific than any other serological test reported.
Tropical Life Sciences Research, 2021
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a member of the genus lentivirus causing caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE), a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, joints, udder and central nervous system of small ruminants such as sheep and goats. CAE is distributed worldwide and is recognised as a significant cause of morbidity and decreased milk production in dairy goats. Earlier studies highlighted the clinicopathological features and supplied preliminary serological evidence for the existence of CAE among selected goat herds in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to provide further insights into the seroprevalence and contributing factors of CAE among sheep and goat herds in two states of Peninsular Malaysia. The blood samples and biodata were randomly collected from a total of 262 individual sheep (40) and goat (222) in seven smallholder farms. Blood sera were tested for specific anti-CAEV antibodies using Qayee-Bio CAEV sandwich-ELISA test kits according to s...
Australian Veterinary Journal, 1988
Fifty dairy goats, of various ages, sexes and breeds were selected for examination on the basis of positive serological reactions to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV). Thirty-one had lung lesions including chronic interstitial pneumonia of caudal or cranioventral lobes, bronchopneumonia, verminous pneumonia, pulmonary cryptococcosis or combinations of these. The only infective agent recovered from all the chronic interstitial pneumonia cases examined was CAEV, which was also recovered from lung tissue of 3 goats with arthritis but no lung lesions. The presence of CAEV in lavaged alveolar macrophages from normal lung tissue and trom lungs affected with chronic interstitial pneumonia and verminous pneumonia, and the demonstration of a marked increase in nonspecific esterase staining macrophages in areas of chronic interstitial pneumonia, are discussed in relation to the aetiology of the pneumonia.
Veterinary World
Background and Aim: Caprine arthritis and encephalitis (CAE) is a multisystemic persistent viral disease of goat that causes significant economic losses to the farmers and livestock sector. However, no information in this country is available regarding CAE virus (CAEV) infection. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of CAEV infection among the goat population in the selected goat-prone districts in Bangladesh and to identify the associated risk factors of the disease. Materials and Methods: From July 2021 to June 2022, 446 goat serum samples were randomly collected from the study area. Goat owners were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire to determine the risk factors. A commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to screen blood serum for CAEV antibodies. Logistic regression models were used to analyze risk factors and serological data to identify the potential risk factors. Results: Out of 446 serum samples, 19 samples were serop...
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is a chronic multisystemic disease widespread in the Polish goat population. It is caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV). The CAEV infection can lead to many clinical manifestations including neurological signs. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of the neurologic form of CAE in Poland. Case-control studies were based on data collected during three disease surveys carried out in a population of goats covered by a milk recording program. The data were collected in 1996, 2002 and 2007 in 72, 57 and 39 herds, respectively. ELISA test was applied to classify herds as seropositive and seronegative. No statistically significant relationship between the occurrence of neurological signs in adult goats and the presence of seropositive goats in a herd could be shown. Odds ratios for exposure calculated using the results of the studies from 2002 and 2007 (ORexp = 0.633 and 0.513, respectively) were statistically insignificant (α = 0.05). Neurological signs were observed significantly more often (α = 0.01) in adult goats than in kids. The study provided serological and histopathological diagnosis of a case of the neurologic form of CAE in an 11-week-old kid with a typical clinical presentation. It is the first instance that the condition has been diagnosed by laboratory methods in Poland. The prevalence of the neurologic form of CAE in Poland seems to be very low. It was estimated that it occurs in at most 0.65% of herds per year and it does not seem to be of high clinical importance in Poland.