Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis (original) (raw)
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Microbes are integral part of our planet, sharing life with humans. They may have either beneficial roles in maintaining life, or undesirable roles in causing diseases. Also mutant strains are constantly arising that account for rapid evolutionary adaptation & emergence of diseases such as AIDS, & antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis. So, it becomes necessary to understand & employ the principles of microbiology & molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, & newer developments in diagnostic aids & treatment, as this will make the physicians & medical scientists enable to control an increasing number of infectious diseases. Clinico-basic Microbiology is effectively two books in one, encompassing comprehensive review of medically important microbes & parasites. The book is written at a level appropriate for medical students The book starts with chapters presenting the general concepts of bacterial microbiology. Following that, there are series of chapters on medically important bacterias. The chapters themselves are comprehensive yet free of unnecessary detail. An identical format is followed thru-out, designed according to the examination pattern in our country, & it consists of classification, morphology, culture, antigens, toxins, enzymes, habitat & transmission, pathogenesis & clinical findings, diagnostic laboratory tests, immunity, treatment, & prevention & control. The whole microbiology section is extensively revised & updated.. A new chapter on Helicobacter pylori is added. Format of the chapters on parasites are modified according to the need, consisting of inclusion of life cycle, & exclusion of culture, antigens, enzymes, & toxins. A chapter on mycology provides basic brief review of medically important fungi. The virology section is extended with 4 new chapters. Medically important viruses are described in some details along the same lines as that for bacteriology section. Morphology is elaborated with the help of pictures of simple microscopy, or electron micrographs. Similarly life-cycles are elaborated in attractive diagrammatic form. Informative review boxes are given at appropriate places. Self-examination section is similarly extended with a new chapter according to the changing trends in examination pattern. One chapter comprises T/F type MCQs, & the other chapter comprises singlebest MCQs. In the end, I would like to say thanks to Dr. Ghazala Arfa, Dr. Shumaila Bano, Mr. Aamir Pervaiz, & Mr. M. Nadim for every sort of cooperation they have provided. Any suggestion for the improvement of this book will be acknowledged with thanks. Dr. Muhammad Shamjm 14th April 2017
K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. World of MIcrobiology and Immunology. Thomson Gale. , 2002
Although microbiology and immunology are fundamentally separate areas of biology and medicine, they combine to provide a powerful understanding of human health and disease -- especially with regard to infectious disease, disease prevention, and tragically, of the growing awareness that bioterrorism is a real and present worldwide danger... Throughout history, microorganisms have spread deadly diseases and caused widespread epidemics that threatened and altered human civilization. In the modern era, civic sanitation, water purification, immunization, and antibiotics have dramatically reduced the overall morbidity and the mortality of disease in advanced nations. Yet, much of the world is still ravaged by disease and epidemics, and new threats constantly appear to challenge the most advanced medical and public health systems. For all our science and technology, we are far from mastering the microbial world. (download to read more) K. Lee Lerner & Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, editors. St. Remy, France. June, 2002.
Contribute Articles on Microbiology
The Curriculum in Microbiology in the Indian contest remained static for several decades; the training in MD (Microbiology) under Medical Faculty remained without clinical approaches in Diagnosis and treatment. Much of Medical Microbiology remained to the Laboratory with little interest in the Hospital practice. Every Medically qualified Microbiologist spends Major years of life in a speciality without much productivity and newer innovations. Thanks to several curricular changes in efforts to make subject, as par with a Clinical Speciality. Fewer allocations from both Government and Private Institutions in funding and shortage of qualified technicians have brought the speciality to brink of deterioration. The Pandemic of AIDS awakened the Society and Doctors that spread of AIDS cannot be controlled with Laboratories, but our continuous understanding of the Society, and greater understanding of the disease with clinical knowledge. I think it is time that we should become active to make Microbiology as Clinical Microbiology with our united efforts. At present we all study in-depth Microbiological aspects dealing particularly with theoretical and little practical knowledge of medical diagnostics. It also focuses on molecular and conventional techniques for isolating, identifying and characterizing bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic pathogens, as well as prevention and control of infectious diseases, epidemiology, and details of specimen collection, handling, examination and interpretation of results. However a little interactions with our knowledge of Medicine make greater contributions. At present curriculum is elaborate and wide without much specificities, creates greater confusion. My little experience as qualified in MD from reputed Government Institution make me to realize that I do not practice even 10% of the knowledge gained in my post-graduation, and Post graduate degrees make you a undergraduate teachers at the most a postgraduate examiner after years of our service. It is questionable how much we are productive to the society. The reasons are many clinicians go on their own way thinking antibiotics can solve all problems, which has led to growing concerns on Antibiotic multidrug, pan drug resistant strains. We can make a change in thinking with practice of few good ideals as ……… 1 Make use of suitable range of diagnostic, investigative and/or monitoring procedures when undertaking investigations, which can give optimal, care of the patients. 2 Communicate complex and technical information to patient's, colleagues and those with limited technical knowledge in terms that facilitate understanding of issues. 3 Accept the responsibilities of the role of the scientist-trained person in relation to other health care professionals and with empathy and sensitivity to patients, and families. 4 Ensure validations of data, through use of appropriate sources of information including relevant databases and consultation with senior colleagues. 5 Use laboratory Information Technology, WHONET systems for handling, processing and storage of patient data.
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
2013
A concise and factual abstract is required. It should be 150 words or less for full-length papers and 50 words or less for notes. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
International journal of health sciences
Candida species are the fourth most common cause of bloodstream infections and are the leading cause of invasive fungal infections among hospitalized patients [1]. Candidemia is a life-threatening fungal infection associated with a mortality rate of 38%; [2].The spectrum of candidemia has changed with the emergence of non- albicans Candida (NCAC) species, a strain with the threat of increased mortality especially in immunocompromised and severely ill patients [4]. It is very important to identify Candida to the species level to optimize the selection of the antifungal agent. More importantly, intrinsic and emerging resistance represents a major challenge for empirical, therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. Candida species have also been isolated from the respiratory tract, mouth, skin, ear and eye. Candida is a true opportunistic pathogen that under certain circumstances is able to invade tissues normally resistant to infection.
The Role of the Microbiology Laboratory
2011
Key points • Microbes are infectious agents that are not visible to the naked eye ; they are widespread in nature. Some cause human diseases. They are divided into bacteria, fungi, viruses, prions and protozoa. Macroscopic parasites are also included. • Diagnosis of infection by the microbiology laboratory has two important functions: clinical and epidemiological. • The microbiology laboratory should be able to determine the most frequent microbes causing healthcare-associated infections, and performe at least some basic typing. • The microbiology laboratory should produce routine reports for infection prevention and control personnel to make incidence graphs for specific pathogens, antibiotic resistance, wards, and groups of patients. • Microbiologists, knowing the role of normal colonizing flora of humans, the pathogenesis of infections, and the characteristics of specific pathogens can interpret microbiological findings for infection prevention and control personnel.