Microbes and Infectious Diseases (original) (raw)
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Bacteriological Water Quality Assessment Of Nkenye Stream In Meru South In
Access to portable water remains a major global concern due to increased rate of water pollution contributed for by climate change and human. Destruction of riparian zones has exposed the rivers and streams to toxic and pathogenic pollutants released from untreated organic and inorganic waste. Exposure of river and stream used for drinking water to pollution is detrimental to aquatic plants, animals, and human consumers who depends on such valuable ecosystem. Nkenye stream that originates from Nkenye wetlands in Chuka, Meru South provide water that is used in fish ponds, irrigation and water for domestic use in homestead. Despite of the significance of Nkenye stream, little attention has been accorded to ascertain its water quality given its location. Study was conducted to determine the bacteriological water quality of Nkenye stream based on the feacal and total coliform count. Samples were collected at designated locations using ecological survey method and taken to Chuka University for evaluation. Coliform analysis of water samples was done by most probable number method using Macconkey purple broth at botany laboratory, Chuka University. The results of coliform counts obtained were subjected to the analysis of variance using General linear model (GLM) on Statistical analysis system (SAS) version 9.4. The significance coliform means were separated by Least significance difference (LSD) [alpha = 0.05]. Feacal coliform count of Nkenye stream did not conform to WHO standards of 0 cfu/100 ml as the mean of 10 cfu/100 ml was observed for the entire stream. The occurrences of these bacteria in water indicate water deterioration and the presence of many water-borne pathogens that needs immediate attention.
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry, 2020
Water samples from Nkwuaku and Ogbaru streams located in Awgu local government area in Enugu State, Nigeria were evaluated for the presence of microbial contaminants. Both samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis, total bacterial count and isolation of microbial pathogens, using conventional techniques. Physicochemical characteristics of both water samples showed that Nkwuaku stream had the least total dissolved solid value of 210mg/L while the highest value of 270mg/L was recorded for Ogbaru stream. Total heterotrophic bacteria count revealed that Ogbaru stream water sample had a higher bacterial population of 5.1x107cfu/ml than Nkwuaku stream water sample which had a bacterial population of 4.2x107cfu/ml. A total number of twelve (12) microorganisms were isolated from both water samples analyzed. Eight (8) bacteria genera isolated include: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcum aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp...
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2020
The isolation and identification of bacteria associated with influx from human residues located in freshwater ecosystem at Ugwuomu-nike in Enugu State was examined in this study. About eight (8) water samples were collected, four (4) from the lake and the other four (4) from the river close to the residual points. The samples were physiochemically examined for Temperature, pH, Turbidity and Conductivity. Samples were centrifuged and viewed under the microscope for any presence of parasites to be identified. Water culture was carried out using lactose broth to check for possible acid and gas production by the test organisms, and further cultured into eosin methylene blue agar and macConkey agar incubated at 37 o C for 24-48 hours. The isolates were finally cultured on nutrient agar and stored in a stock culture bottles for further analyses. Biochemical testing was also carried out. The microorganisms isolated and identified were Proteus spp, Esherichia coli, Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella spp, Enterobacterspp and Micrococcus spp. The Bacillus spp (rod shaped), Staphylococcus aureus (cocci in clusters) and Micrococcus spp (cocci in pairs) turned to be gram positive and non-motile, having Bacillus spp a spore former and the other two species a non-spore formers. Proteus spp, Esherichia coli, Enterobacter spp and Legionella spp as gram negative, non-spore formers and motile microorganisms. Results showed that E.coli isolated was the most frequent organisms and when compared to the remaining microbial isolates after the biochemical analysis, E-coli isolates produced its result as indole positive, oxidase negative, catalase positive, citrate negative, urease negative, coagulase negative. However, when tested on glucose, lactose, and galactose, it produced acid and gas. This study confirms the presences of bacteria at the freshwater ecosystem because of human residues, hence the need for water treatment should be employed to avoid water borne diseases by contact and possible consumption by citizens in that surroundings.
International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2024
Nigeria has abundant surface and ground water, of which when polluted can be detrimental to human health. Obibia stream is an important water source in Amawbia-Nibo axis of Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria especially for its drinking purposes, urban agricultural usage and domestic uses. Water quality is often altered by anthropogenic activities, leachates and run off. It is therefore necessary to determine the influence of seasonal changes and its effects on the health of populace in this locality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of seasonal changes on the bacteriological and physicochemical parameters of Obibia stream. Water samples were randomly and aseptically drawn monthly from different locations from the water body and assessed for bacteriological qualities using standard microbiological techniques. The bacterial isolates were characterized using the morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. The prevalence of the implicated isolates was ascertained by determining the occurrences of the isolates in both rainy and dry seasons. The physicochemical parameters were assessed using gravimetric, titrimetric and instrumentation techniques. Bacteria isolates from sampling point were Escherichia coli strain T7E (ECT7E), Klebsiella pneumoniae strain GH27TC (KPGH27TC), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi strain R27 (STR27), Enterobacter aerogenes strain KCTC (EAKCTC), Shigella dysteriae strain 53-3937 (SD53), Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA01 (PAPA01), Staphylococcus aureus strain BPH2003 (SABPH2003), Enterococcus faecium strain E1774 (EFE1774), Vibrio cholerae strain C6706 (VCC6706) and Serratia marcescens strain SmUNAM836 (SMSm). ECT7E, STR27 and VCC6706 were mostly seen in both rainy and dry season. Therefore, adequate treatment before use and periodic evaluation of its bacteriological and physicochemical qualities are recommended
Microbial and physicochemical analyses were carried out on water samples collected from seven different streams from different communities along Ilisan, Ago-Iwoye Road, Ogun State, Nigeria, using standard procedures. The evaluated streams include Ome, Ogboni, Ogbe, Ona, Orisa, Oruken and Ayanyelu. The physicochemical parameters assayed for include temperature, pH, taste, appearance, odour, presence or absence of particles. Mannitol salt agar medium was used for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus, while Salmonella-Shigella was used for isolation of Salmonella sp. The coliform test was employed to detect the faecal organisms while the Most Probable Number (MPN) was by the multiple tube fermentation technique. Oruken stream had the highest number of bacterial isolates with total count of 5.73 x 10 5 cfu/ml while Orisa stream had the lowest bacterial isolates with total count of 0.29 x 10 5 cfu/ml. The microorganisms isolated include Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus firmus, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the stream waters were unsafe for drinking as they were of low quality thresholds. Thus, the stream waters require further purification to ensure their suitability for human consumption.
Isolation and Characterization of Stream Water Bacteria from ESA-OKE Metropolis
Journal of Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis, 2018
Water is essential to life, but many people do not have access to clean and safe drinking water and many die of waterborne bacterial infections. The study accessed the bacteria mean count of the three selected reputable streams in Esa-Oke metropolis and identified the bacteria isolated from the streams. The viable bacterial count was determined by the water samples up to 100.1 from 10 and 10 dilutions. Pour plate and streak plate methods were used for bacteria plate count and sub culturing respectively. Selective and differential media were also used for bacteria characterization. The result obtained from plate count shows that Afon Oke had higher count than other and also revealed that there is more Staphylococcus aureus in Ekoro than other while that from Arubu had more Pseudomonas aeruginosa than others. The study concluded that the stream should be monitor from the source since they are very close to residential areas and outbreak of water borne disease in imminent as well as the water inspection from the source should be consider very important.
International Journal of Biology
Water is very vital for the sustenance of life and according to World Health Organization; potable water should be free from any health risk. However due to in adequate supply of potable water, many rural dwellers have no choice but to depend on streams and rivers as source of drinking water which becomes the vehicle for the transmission of infections due to a host of microorganisms both pathogenic and non-pathogenic present in these water bodies. This study therefore quantified and assessed the microorganisms present in river Bukuruwa in Techiman in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. Water was aseptically collected into sterile sampling bottles with caps and analyzed in the laboratory through standard microbiological protocols. Microbial organisms such as Feacal coliforms, E.coli and Salmonella spp. as well as physicochemical parameters such as pH, conductivity, turbidity, Sulphate (SO42-), Fluoride (F-), Phosphates (PO43-), Nitrites (NO2-) and Nitrates (NO3-) were quantified and ass...
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH, 2018
Water is an important and essential substance used globally and should remain pristine at all times in any place. The essence of this work was to determine and compare the quality of fresh and marine waters used by the people living in the coastal areas of Rivers State. Two Rivers, Koru-ama Bonny (marine) and Penee (fresh) were identified and studied. The sampling sites were located by the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) which are located in Koruama Bonny River (N04 o 28 / 36.5 //) and (E007 o 06 / 22.1 //) and Penee River (N04 o 45ʹ36.6ʺ) and (E007 o 09ʹ77.4ʺ). Surface water samples were collected in clean sterile containers for physicochemical, some heavy metals and bacteriological analyses. The pH, temperature, conductivity and turbidity were determined in situ using Horiba Water Checker (Model 11-10) instrument. Nitrate, phosphate, chloride, alkalinity and others, including heavy metals and bacteriological analyses were carried out using standard procedures. The results of the physicochemical parameters of the marine water are as follow: pH 7.33±0.18, temperature 29.1±0.99 O C, electrical conductivity 32050.0±70.7µS/cm, total dissolved solids 22,935.0±657.6mg/l, salinity 19.1±0.14 0 / 00, chloride 10639.3±655.7mg/l, hardness 3,833.0±1.14mg/l, sulphate 443.8±6.57mg/l and dissolved oxygen 7.50±0.28mg/l. However, the fresh water values for pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, chloride, hardness, sulphate and dissolved oxygen were 7.60±0.28, 27.1±0.42 O C, 29.0±0.14µS/cm, 21.0±1.4mg/l, 0.9±0.08 0 / 00, 1.7±0.14mg/l, 4.5±0.14mg/l, 3.6±0.00mg/l and 2.0±0.01mg/l respectively. The heavy metals results showed mercury was 0.079±0.00mg/l for marine water and fresh water 0.261±0.001mg/l while arsenic was 16.385±0.001mg/l for fresh water. The total heterotrophic bacteria count, total coliform count and Most Probable Number (MPN) for marine water were 2.0 x10 2 cfu/ml, 1.10x10 2 cfu/ml and 0.90x10 2 cfu/ml and the fresh water result were also 0.79x10 2 cfu/ml, 0.90x10 2 cfu/ml and 0.70x10 2 cfu/ml respectively while the identified bacteria common to both the fresh and marine waters were Pseudomonas spp, Bacillus spp, Escherichia coli as Vibrio spp was found along with others in marine water. It can be inferred that the water sample are not pristine and they could be of health risk to the people and could sometimes result in epidemics in the coastal areas.
Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences
Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are widespread health risks associated with drinking water. This study evaluated the physicochemical parameters and bacteriological quality of the stream and well water using standard protocols. The bacteria were identified by conventional and molecular methods. Antibiotic susceptibility and location of antibiotic resistance markers (ARMs) were determined using disc diffusion and acridine orange, respectively. The highest mean Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Counts (THBC), Total Coliform Counts (TCC) and Faecal Coliform Counts (FCC) from the stream water was 4.3 ± 0.3×106, 8.9 ± 0.0×105, and 3.5 ± 0.1×104 (CFU mL-1), respectively. The well water had mean TCC ranging between 2.8 ± 0.0×103 and 2.1 ± 0.1×104 (CFU mL-1). Six bacterial genera: Staphyloccocus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Shigella were isolated. The mean temperature of the water ranged from 26.0 ± 0.3oC to 27.0 ± 0.1oC. The highest mean dissolved oxygen...