Phenotypic and genotypic detection of antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urinary tract infections (original) (raw)
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2018
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen especially in immunocompromised patients, using its various virulence factors causes serious infections including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bacteremia, wound infections and chronic lung infections. 1 Antibiotics are prescribed against P. aeruginosa infections but documents show the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. There are several basic resistance phenotypes in P. aeruginosa; intrinsic resistance to carbenicillin, 2 resistance to all β-lactams except cephems and carbapenems, 3 resistance to penicillins 2 and resistance to carbapenems. 4 Other resistance phenotypes are mainly controlled by extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) which are located on easily transferable plasmid or integrons and can cause any mechanisms of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. 4 The economic and social burden of infections by drug-resistant P. aeruginosa are undeniable. 5,6 Different research reports indicate the presence of individual or classes of antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa. 7-9 In addition, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strain (MDR) (resistant to 3 or more drug classes) and XDR or extremely drug resistant (resistant to 6 or more drug classes) is increasing. 8,10 Another discussable issue in this regard is resistance to β-lactams due to β-lactamase production which is the major mechanism of acquired resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in P. aeruginosa. 11 Resistance to carbapenems as the most potent antibiotic against P. aeruginosa and as the mainstay for treatment of multidrug-resistant strains is a topic for researchers to concern, especially when few antibiotic options have remained and patients infected with carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa show multidrug resistance. 12 These reports show the crucial importance of preventive measures by specialists to stop the dissemination of resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. These findings also stress the importance of the availability of accurate information about the resistance pattern of a single drug or class of drugs to select the most effective antibiotics against P. aeruginosa infection and control the occurrence of new resistant strains. On the other
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2021
Objective: One of the most common bacteria known to cause nosocomial infection and found to be multidrug-resistant is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The objective of the study was to know the prevalence of the P. aeruginosa isolates with varied clinical conditions and specimens and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of P. aeruginosa as well as its magnitude of multidrug resistance (MDR). Methods: A total of 229 biochemically tested and confirmed isolates of P. aeruginosa from various clinical samples were studied. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of the 229 isolates of P. aeruginosa, majority (60.70%) were from pus sample. Resistance to amikacin and tobramycin was 23.6% and 20.1%, ciprofloxacin was 33.2%. Resistance to ceftazidime, cefoperazone and cefepime were 21.8%, 45.9%, and 25.7%. Imipenem and meropenem showed 26.2% and 20.5% resistance, respectively. Resistance to piperacillin was 18.3% while piperacillin-tazobactam was only 13.5%. The MDR was observed in 33.7% of the isolates. Conclusion: There is increased resistance to cephalosporins as compared to aminoglycosides, carbapenems and beta lactamase inhibitor. To restrict the inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents, the development of MDR, needs to be continuously monitored and documented.
Emergence of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in a Tertiary Care Center
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.8\_Issue.8\_Aug2018/IJHSR\_Abstract.08.html, 2018
The worldwide emergence of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains in hospitals and community continues to be a problem of due scientific concern, especially infections caused by Pseudomonas species. This study was carried out to determine the multidrug resistant pattern of P. aeruginosa, among the clinical isolates at a tertiary care hospital in Kanpur. Methods: Total 50 P. aeruginosa were isolated from different clinical samples of a tertiary care hospital during Jun 2016 to Dec 2016. Bacterial isolates were identified by standard microbiological tests and antimicrobial resistance pattern were determined by CLSI guidelines. Results: Among 50 P. Aeruginosa, (70%) strains were isolated from pus followed by sputum (10%), bronchial washing (20%). Most of the organism was isolated from advance age and in male patients. Out of 50 P. Aeruginosa isolates, 20 (40%) were resistant to piperacillin tazobactam, tobramycin and levofloxacin, 30 (60 %) were resistant to ceftazidime, cefepime and meropenem, 10 (20%) were resistant to imipenem and amikacin, 25 (50%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: There has been rapid emergence of MDR P. aeruginosa in recent times which is an important concern for clinicians who treat these infections. Therefore restriction of 'selected antibiotic usage' and infection control policies must be undertaken to combat the rapid emergence of MDR P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa showed highest resistance to piperacillin tazobactam, tobramycin and levofloxacin and minimum resistance to imipenem and amikacin.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH vide ISSN No:2277-8179 ,volume 07 Issue March 2018, 2018
Background-This study was undertaken to know the multi drug resistance in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and exploring its relationship with type of specimen, age and gender. Materials & Methods-200 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied. The colonies were tested for biochemical tests. Identication was done and then put to Antibiotic susceptibility test by Kirby-Bauer method. Results & Analysis-. In our study, 63 out of 200 isolates were found to be Multi drug Resistant (31.50 %). 6 MDR isolates out of 10 specimens (60%) detected from burn tissue. 24 out of 60 isolates (40%) were found in Urine,17 out of 75(22.66%)in pus, the lowest 2 out of 9 (22.22%) isolates from blood specimens. 50 out of 63(79.36%) MDR isolates were found in male and only 13out of 63(20.64%) were found in female patients. 21out of 62 (33.87%) MDR isolates were found from ICU followed by 16 out of 34(47.05%) from Surgery dept. The lowest 1 out of 11(9.09%) isolate was from OBG dept. The maximum 18 out of 50 (36%)MDR recorded in the patients between 41 to 60 years age, the lowest 5 out of 25 (20 %)in the age group up to 20 years detected. Highest resistance 36.5%was observed with ceftazidime and piperacillin antibiotics .Polymyxin B, recorded the lowest 3.5% resistance in the study. Discussion-Pseudomonas aeruginosa are inherently resistant to many antimicrobial agents owing to various resistance mechanisms .63 out of 200 isolates(31.50%) were found to be resistant to three or more group of antibiotics and thus poses a serious threat to patients and clinicians in their management. Conclusion-Multi drug resistance were found more prevalent in Male patients in comparison to female. The age between 41-60 years were worst affected and age group between 0-20 years were found least affected for MDR. ICU dept. recorded the highest number of MDR isolates where as Gynecology dept. shown least MDR in the study. Burn tissue had shown maximum percentage of MDR.
Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: A threat of nosocomial
Objective: To determine the resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to currently available antipseudomonal drugs and frequency of nosocomial infections caused by multi drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitals. Methods: Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from patients admitted in different hospitals of Karachi between July 2012 and June 2013. The isolates were identified by conventional and Analytical Profile Index 20NE kit methods while the antibiograms of these isolates were determined by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Of the 204 isolates, 79(39%) were obtained from intensive care units. Overall, 135(66%) isolates belonged to men, and 35(17.2%) belonged to 10-15 year age group. The overall antibiogram pattern showed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics like Ofloxacin 125(61.3%), Cefepime 117(57.3%), Ceftazidime 110(53.9%), Amikacin 108(53%). Of all the isolates, 129(63.2%) were considered multidrug resistant. The most effective antibiotics were Colistin, Polymyxin B and Meropenem. Conclusion: Increasing multidrug resistance among nosocomial pathogens is an alarming situation in a hospital setting and requires prompt management of these cases. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Multidrug resistance, antibiotic susceptibility. Antibiogram, MDRPA.
Drug resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates at PIMS Hospital , Islamabad , Pakistan
2014
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing serious nosocomial infections in patients. Emergence of multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa is an increasing infection control problem leading to high morbidity and mortality. Extended spectrum beta-lac tamase enzymes are the increasing cause of resistan ce to penicillin’s, cephalosporins, and aztreonam antibio tics in P. aeruginosa. The objective of the study w as to determine the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infec ted patients, antibiotic resistance and occurrence of ESBL producing P. aeruginosa among these isolates. A tot al of 200 specimens were received by the pathology laboratory of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamaba d, Pakistan, which comprised of 50 tracheal 50 pus, 25 bloods, and 25 urine and 50 miscellaneous samples including sputum, swab, wounds, tissue and different body fl uids. P.aeruginosa was tested against a panel of 14 antib iotics. The highest percentage of resistance to ant ibio...
Infection, epidemiology and microbiology, 2020
Aims: Recently, overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the development of multidrugresistant bacteria and infectious diseases caused by these organisms, increasing morbidity and mortality rate in patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a common Gram-negative pathogen is predominantly responsible for hospital-acquired infections. In this study, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) P. aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical specimens of patients admitted to a teaching hospital in Gorgan, Iran, was determined. Materials & Methods: Clinical samples of blood, urine, burn wound, eye, and secretions (pleural fluid, tracheal or bronchial aspirates and sputum) were collected from all hospitalized patients during a three-month period from April to June 2019. Using conventional biochemical methods, P. aeruginosa strains were identified, and the antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Findings: A total of 40 (25.4%) P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from 377 clinical specimens. Most of the P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from wound (35%) and urine (30%) samples. Most of the P. aeruginosa positive samples were recovered from intensive care unit (32.5%) and burn ward (30%). The highest susceptibility was shown to fosfomycin (100%), and the lowest susceptibility was observed to ceftazidime (87.5%), followed by aztreonam (60%). Based on the results, 52.5 and 20% of the isolates were MDR and XDR, respectively. All of the MDR isolates exhibited susceptibility to colistin. No PDR phenotype was observed. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring of drug resistant strains among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa must be done to adopt effective strategies to decrease the threat of antimicrobial resistance.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resistance to Various Commonly used Antibiotics in 27 Hospital Patients
West Indian Medical Journal, 2016
The aim of this study was to use wound swabs to determine antibiotic resistance patterns in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has been shown to be highly resistant to many commonly used antibiotics. Methods: This study observed 27 isolates of the gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and tested their resistance to various commonly used antibiotics. The strains were isolated from surgical patients of both sexes and different age groups. Patients were hospitalized in various departments (
Polish Journal of Microbiology, 2016
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading human pathogen that causes serious infections at various tissues and organs leading to life threatening health problems and possible deadly outcomes. Resistance patterns vary widely whether it is from hospitals or community acquired infections. Reporting resistance profiles to a certain antibiotics provide valuable information in a given setting, but may be extrapolated outside the sampling location. In the present study, P. aeruginosa isolates were screened to determine their susceptibilities against anti-pseudomonal antimicrobial agents and possible existing mechanisms of resistance were determined. Eighty-six isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered. Isolates representing different resistance profiles were screened for the existence of three different resistance mechanisms including drug inactivation due to metallo-β-lactamases, drug impermeability by outer membrane proteins and drug efflux. All tested isolates showed uniform susceptibility (10...