Evaluation of hypolipidemic effect of flaxseeds in experimentally induced dyslipidemia in albino rats (original) (raw)
Related papers
Flaxseed and Its Components in Treatment of Hyperlipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease
International Journal of Angiology, 2020
This paper describes the effects of flaxseed and its components (flax oil, secoisolariciresinoldiglucoside[SDG], flax lignan complex [FLC], and flax fibers] on serum lipids (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglycerides [TG]) in animals and humans. Ordinary flaxseed reduces TG, TC, LDL-C, and TC/HDL-C levels in a dose-dependent manner in animals. In humans, it reduces serum lipids in hypercholesterolemicpatients but has no effects in normocholesterolemicpatients. Flax oil has variable effects on serum lipids in normo- and hypercholesterolemic animals. Flax oil treatment, with a dosage containing greater than 25 g/day of α-linolenic acid, reduces serum lipids in humans. Although FLC reduces serum lipids and raises serum HDL-C in animals, its effects on serum lipids in humans are small and variable. Flax fibers exert small effects on serum lipids in humans. Crop Development Centre (CDC)-flaxseed, wh...
Effect of Flaxseed on Blood Lipid Level in Hyperlipidemic Patients
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials, 2015
Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of ischemic heart disease. Previous studies showed that flaxseed has the potential to improve lipid profiles. In this study we investigated the effects of flaxseed powder intake on lipid profiles of patients with hyperlipidemia. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial. Seventy patients with hyperlipidemia participated in the research. After detailed diet and lifestyle education, blood samples were collected from the participants. Patients with hyperlipidemia were randomly divided in to two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 30 g of raw flaxseed powder every day for 40 days. Serum lipids were measured again in two groups after that time. Activity and food intakes of two groups were recorded. Results: In the intervention group, weight and body mass index were considerably reduced. Total cholesterol was reduced in the intervention group and increased in the control group, both of which were significant. Low density lipoprotein significantly increased in the control group and reduced in intervention group; also, triglyceride was increased in the control group and reduced in the intervention group, which were significant Table 1. Conclusion: Based on the findings obtained in this research, flaxseed powder intake desirably reduced serum lipids. The differences between two groups on the basis of analysis of covariance test were significant. In all cases except for the HDL-c, this is an effective intervention. Therefore, flaxseed may be regarded as a useful therapeutic food for reducing hyperlipidemia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDORSING HEALTH SCIENCE RESEARCH (IJEHSR), 2020
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) persists to be the world's leading reason for mortality and morbidity. The major type of CVD is coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is the obstruction of coronary arteries frequently instigated by arteriosclerosis (plaque buildup in the coronary artery, which hampers blood flow to the myocardial muscles). This research was conducted to examine the effects of oral intake of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) powder on hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis (induced through high-fat diet) in female Wistar rats. The pharmacological effects of flaxseed are diverse. It has an antiarrhythmic effect, antiarthritic effect, antilipidemic, atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity effect on the body. Methodology: A total of 32 female Wistar rats (200 g) were divided equally into four groups. Group I (n=8) rats kept as control and given normal rat chow diet, Group II rats kept as positive control for induction of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis by addition of saturated edible fat to the standard diet (high cholesterol diet-HCD), Group III rats fed with flaxseed powder at 7.5 g/kg of rat/day in the standard rat chow diet and kept as flaxseed control, and Group IV rats supplemented with flaxseed at 7.5 g/kg of rat/day along with HCD and maintained for 15 days. Results: Group II rats showed higher lipid profile and glucose level. Flaxseed supplementation, along with a high cholesterol diet, drastically restored the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) decreasing frequency of CAD. Histologic investigations showed preserved myocardial walls with minor changes in flaxseed treated rats, whereas increased lymphoid aggregation with inflammation in high fat + flaxseed treated. Conclusion: The biochemical assays and histological results showed the moderate cardio-protective activity of flaxseed administration for 15 days along with a high-fat diet was found to moderately reduce the CVD risk in rats.
Clinical Phytoscience
Background: Flaxseed has emerged as a potential source of bioactive components that can be utilized in routine diet to address lifestyle disorders. Methods: In this context, three studies were carried out on the basis of induction therapies i.e. Study I (Normal diet), Study II (Hyperglycemic diet; 40% sucrose) and Study III (Hypercholesterolemic diet; 1.5% cholesterol) using Sprague Dawley rats. Each study was further split into three groups based on diets; Control (free from flaxseed powder or extract), Functional diet (incorporation of flaxseed powder; 10%) and Nutraceutical diet (inclusion of ethanolic extract of flaxseed; 5%). During experimental period, hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic parameters were evaluated alongside, alterations in hematological aspects were also assessed. Results: Feed intake and body weight demonstrated significant response (p < 0.05) of diets and study intervals however, water intake was substantially influenced by study intervals. In study II (hyperglycemic rats), maximum decline in glucose level was recorded (9.02%) in rats administered with extract based diet. In the same group, maximum increase in insulin (5.90%) was noted. Regarding lipid profile, the bioevaluation trials revealed maximum reduction in serum cholesterol (13.10%) in study III (hypercholesterolemic rats) on the provision of flaxseed extract (nutraceutical diet) followed by flaxseed powder (functional diet) i.e. 7.85%. Further, maximum decrease in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) was reported i.e. 14.28% on supplementation of flaxseed extract to hypercholesterolemic rats. Conclusions: Thus, flaxseed extract based intervention has shown higher bioefficacy to address hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia in comparison to flaxseed powder.
Veterinary World, 2018
Background and Aim: Flaxseeds are known to have varying antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherogenic activity due to its lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, alpha-linolenic acid, and omega-3 fatty acids. The beneficial effect of whole grain dietary flaxseed was evaluated experimentally in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar albino rats (200 g) were divided into four groups of 12 rats each. Group I rats kept as control and given basal rat chew diet, Group II as positive control for induction of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis by addition of 1% cholesterol and 15% saturated edible oil to the 1000 g of standard rat chew diet (HCD), Group III rats fed with whole grain flaxseed powder at 7.5 g/kg of rat/day in the standard rat chew diet and kept as flaxseed control, and Group IV rats supplemented with flaxseed at 7.5 g/kg of rat/day along with HCD and maintained for 90 days. Results: Group II rats revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very LDL-C and significantly (p<0.05) reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), whereas tissue antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S transferase (GST) were significantly (p<0.05) reduced, and lipid peroxidation products of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level were nonsignificantly (p<0.05) increased in the heart and liver tissues. Flaxseeds supplementation along with HCD significantly ameliorated the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C along with cellular antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, SOD, GPx, GR, GST, and non-significant amelioration of TBARS in the heart and liver tissues compared to Group II rats. Majority of the histopathologically initiated atherosclerotic changes in the aorta and fatty change in the liver of Group II were not observed in the flaxseed supplemented Group IV; however, interestingly proliferation of endothelial cells with new vascular channel formation in the liver and in between cardiac muscle fibers was observed in Group I and Group IV rats. Conclusion: The present study established the hypercholesterolemia with initiated atherosclerotic lesion in the aorta but unable to establish the atheromatous plaque in the aorta. Flaxseed supplementation along with HCD showed significant antihypercholesterolemic effect and ameliorated the changes of initiated atherosclerosis in the aorta. It needs further studies to explore all the possible beneficial effects and angiogenic properties of flaxseeds in the laboratory animals and human trials.
Beneficial effect of flaxseed oil on lipid metabolism in high cholesterol diet fed rats
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors that precipitate coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. In the present study, the effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on serum lipid profile, apolipoprotein A (apo A), apolipoprotein B (apo B), Lipoprotein a Lp(a), homocysteine and endotheline-1 (ET-1) in high cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats have been evaluated. This study was carried out on 60 male rats. The rats were divided into four equal groups of 15 rats each. Group Ι :( Control group): rats fed on normal diet. Group Π: Rats fed with hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) [4% cholesterol (w/w) and 1% cholic acid] and received no drug all over the period of the experiment. Group III: Rats fed with HCD + administrated flaxseed oil (270 mg/kg, body weight/day orally) after two weeks from induction of hypercholesterolemia. Group IV: Rats fed with normal diet + administrated with flaxseed oil (270 mg/kg, body weight/day orally) after two weeks from the onset of the experiment. Blood samples were collected from all animal groups three times at 2, 4 and 6 weeks from the onset of treatment with flaxseed oil. The obtained results showed that, cholesterol-induced hypercholesterolemia caused a marked increase in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, VLDL-C, phospholipids, lipoprotein A, Apo B, endothelin-1 and homocysteine. On the other hand, a significant decrease in serum HDL–C and Apo A were observed in high cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Treatment with flaxseed oil to high cholesterol dietinduced hypercholesterolemia rats lowered serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, VLDL-C, phospholipid, endothelin-1 and homocysteine concentration in addition to increasing HDL-C and Apo A. These results suggest that, flaxseed oil may be effective in controlling cholesterolemic status and improving dyslipidemia and has the potential in reducing cardiovascular complications due to hypercholesterolemia.
Effect of raw and heated flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) on blood lipid profiles in rats
2011
Flaxseed is a nutrient rich seed and lipid profiles improving effect of it has long been studied. Effect of heating as a part of food processing on its beneficial characteristics is not clarified in literature. This study aims to provide complementary information on effect of different dosages of raw and heated flaxseed on lipid profiles. Sprague Dawley rats were fed with 10%, 20% or 30% of either raw or heated flaxseed in the basal diet for 30 days. Total cholesterol significantly reduced in all flaxseed groups and high density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increased in 20% raw and 30% raw and heated flaxseed groups. Significant reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol only observed in 30% raw flaxseed groups. It is concluded that 30 days consumption of flaxseed may significantly reduce total cholesterol and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol in blood. Oven heating may not have significant effect on lipid profile improving effect of flaxseed.
Protective role of flaxseed oil on hypercholesterolemic rats
The present study aims to investigate the effects of replacing corn oil content (10%) in the standard diet of hypercholesterolemic rats (fed standard diet + 2% cholesterol for 4 weeks) with 50, 75 and 100% levels of flaxseed oil on the body weight gain, organ weight, blood glucose, liver and kidney functions and lipid profile. Data showed that 2% cholesterol administration caused significant increase in glucose, ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, triglyceride, total lipids, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL levels in serum of hypercholesterolemic rats. Body weight gain and organ weight also significantly increased as compared to control rats. Consumption flaxseed oil at different replacement level diets by hypercholesterolemic rats resulted in significant decrease in body weight gain, organ weight and lipid parameters except HDL which decrease as compared to hypercholesterolemic rats fed standard diet. Blood glucose level, liver functions and kidney functions were also improved.
Heliyon
Hyperlipidemia affects a significant number of patients despite treatment with cholesterol-lowering drugs. Due to the low efficacy of synthetic drugs, there is a need for new agents with low side effects. Therefore, the effects of flaxseeds oil and animal omega-3 on the hyperlipidemic rats were investigated. Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (n ¼ 10): 1) control group that was fed with a standard diet (pallets). 2) high-fat diet (HFD) control group that was fed with high-fat food for 42 days, 3) Omega-3 group that received HFD for 21 days, followed by HFD þ omega-3 capsule (600 mg/kg; 21 days/gavage), and 4) flaxseed oil group that received HFD for 21 days, followed by HFD þ flaxseed oil (10 ml/kg; 21 days/gavage). Blood samples were collected three times and at the stages one to third of the experiment from the rats' tail. The results showed that high levels of fat significantly increased cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the flaxseed, HFD control, and omega-3 groups in the second stages of the experiment. Inverse, omega-3 or flaxseed oil supplementation decreased cholesterol, TG, and LDL levels and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in comparison with the HFD control group in the third stages of the experiment. There was no significant difference in the studied parameters between the flaxseedand omega-3-treated groups. It can be concluded that flaxseed oil similar to omega-3 is effective in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.