ISFM Consensus Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Feline Chronic Kidney Disease (original) (raw)

Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in a Geriatric Cat

IAR Journal of Agriculture Research and Life Sciences , 2021

Feline chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most frequent idiopathic clinical occurrences in geriatric cats which are marked by the irreversible loss of kidney function. The present study shows the clinical and biochemical findings of CKD and proposed therapeutic recommendations for a geriatric cat. The cat was bought to the SAQ Teaching Veterinary Hospital of Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) with a history of abnormal drinking and urination behaviour for few weeks along with sudden abdominal swelling and debilitation. The most predominant clinical findings recorded in that 8 years old cat were dullness with recumbency, polyuria with dysuria, ascites, polydipsia, paleness of mucosa, anorexia, and bloody diarrhoea. After haematological and biochemical analysis, according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging system, the cat was diagnosed with stage III CKD. Though the prognosis is poor, proper medication and dietary supplements were suggested to increase the lifespan of the affected cat. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Geriatric cat, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Ascites.

Prognostic Factors in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2007

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in cats. Hypothesis: Some baseline variables are associated with shorter survival times in cats with CKD. Animals: Client‐owned cats. Methods: Cats with CKD with initial plasma creatinine concentration ≤2.0 mg/dL and urine specific gravity (USG) ≤1.025 were recruited into a prospective clinical trial that compared benazepril with a placebo. We describe baseline variables in 190 cats and their influence on renal survival time in the placebo group (95 cats), which was followed for up to 1,097 days. Renal survival time was defined as the time from initiation of therapy to the need for parenteral fluid therapy, euthanasia, or death related to renal failure. Results: Of the 95 cats treated with a placebo, 58 were censored and 37 reached the renal survival end point (died, n = 0; euthanized, n = 17; parenteral fluids, n = 12; parenteral fluids followed by euthanasia, n = 8). Increased plasma creatinine c...

Critical Approach to the Alternative Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs and Cats

Slovenian Veterinary Research, 2018

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in dogs and cats and can occur at any age, especially in geriatric animals. The various presentations of the disease and their different hemodynamic and metabolic alterations are issues of profound research. Currently clinicians improvements of the comprehensive management of chronic kidney disease focuses on the delay of the progression of clinical signs of the disease and there now are numerous novel methods that also were proposed to slow the progression of the disease, with the possibility of use in non-referral centers. The aim of this critical approach is to provide an overview of the comprehensive treatment of chronic kidney disease, expose new treatments that could improve the intervention of dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease and reevaluate the usefulness of some existing drugs.

Naturally-occurring chronic renal disease in Australian cats: a prospective study of 184 cases

Australian Veterinary Journal, 2006

lence is increasing. The prevalence of CRD in North American veterinary teaching hospitals between 1980 and 1990 was 2 to 3%. CRD was most common in cats over 15 years, one third of which had renal failure. It is likely that CRD is sufficiently well recognised in general practice to be under-represented at referral institutions and that these figures underestimate the prevalence of CRD amongst pet cats.

Effectiveness of a Feed Supplement in Advanced Stages of Feline Chronic Kidney Disease

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a very common pathology in cats, especially in the geriatric age. A proper renal diet is considered the current standard of care to enhance patients’ long-term survival and quality of life. However, when diet alone is not sufficient, it is necessary to supplement it with specific substances: these are phosphate binders and alkalinizing agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a feed supplement containing calcium carbonate, calcium lactate gluconate, chitosan and sodium bicarbonate in controlling hyperphosphatemia and metabolic acidosis in cats with severe CKD (IRIS, International Renal Interest Society, stage 3 and 4).Materials, Methods & Results: 10 cats (median BW 4.00 (3.20; 5.70) Kg, BCS 3/5 (2.25; 3.75), 11 (8.25;12.00) years) fed with a balanced renal diet were included in the study. To be enrolled in the study cats had to be affected by CKD in stages 3 or 4 and show hyperphosphatemia. Treatment consisted in...

Repeated measurements of renal function in evaluating its decline in cats

Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2018

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the variability in renal function markers in non-azotaemic and azotaemic cats, and also the rate of change in the markers. Methods Plasma creatinine concentration and its reciprocal, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine specific gravity (USG) were studied as markers of renal function in client-owned cats. GFR was determined using a corrected slope-intercept iohexol clearance method. Renal function testing was performed at baseline and a second time point. The within-population variability (coefficient of variation; CV%) was determined at the baseline time point. Within-individual variability (CV%) and rate of change over time was determined from the repeated measurements. Results Twenty-nine cats were included in the study, of which five had azotaemic chronic kidney disease. The within-individual variability (CV%) in creatinine concentration was lower in azotaemic cats than in non-azotaemic cats (6.81% vs 8.82%), whereas the wit...

Drug-Dosing Adjustment in Dogs and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

Animals, 2022

Chronic kidney disease is a common kidney disorder in adult and aged dogs and cats; the management of associated complications and comorbidities generally requires a life-long medical treatment to ensure a good quality of life of affected patients. However, indications and the literature on drug dosing in dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease are often lacking. The aim of this review is to revise the current literature on drug dosing in canine and feline patients with renal impairment, with a special focus on the most commonly used medications to manage chronic kidney disease and possible comorbidities.

Feline chronic renal failure: clinical findings in 80 cases diagnosed between 1992 and 1995

Journal of Small Animal Practice, 1998

Clinical and laboratory findings at the time of first diagnosis in 80 cats with chronic renal failure (CRF) were examined in a prospective study to determine the survival time of these animals and identify possible factors contributing to the progression of feline CRF. On the basis of clinical presentation, animals were assigned to one of three groups; compensated (n=15), uraemic (n=39) and end-stage (n=26) CRF. Loss of renal concentrating ability was a common finding, even before clinical signs of renal disease were evident. The plasma creatinine concentration at initial presentation was a poor predictor of survival time and the presence of significant anaemia was indicative of a poor prognosis. The study demonstrated the highly variable degree of renal impairment present at the time of diagnosis and the potentially long survival time of many compensated and uraemic cases.