Mushrooms and Mushroom Composts in Integrated Farm Management (original) (raw)
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Compost and Casing of Mushroom in Indian Perspective: A Brief Review
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
The Himalayas, the Western Ghats, and the highlands of northeast India are all temperate areas where mushrooms have been successfully grown. Recently, mushroom farming has become a popular kind of self-employment for many unemployed people. It is past time that mushroom growers and consumers in India learned about the therapeutic and dietary benefits of both farmed and wild kinds of mushrooms. The majority of all mushrooms are white button mushrooms, accounting for around 73 percent of the market. Compost is necessary for cultivating white button mushrooms. The substrate in which the mushroom mycelium grows and eventually produces fruiting bodies is compost. The critical shift from vegetative growth to the reproductive stage occurs in the coating material, which is a nutritionally deficient medium is called casing layer. This layer plays a vital part in the formation of mushrooms. The most crucial process in mushroom cultivation is composting and casing, which has an impact on the c...
123 The Potential Use of Spent Mushroom Compost as a Soil Amendment for Nursery Crop Production
HortScience, 1999
The use of spent mushroom compost (SMC) as a media amendment for containerized greenhouse and nursery crop production is a promising alternative to disposal of this by-product of mushroom production. Fresh SMC is the compost that is removed from the mushroom house and used without further weathering. The objectives of this study include first, identification of key factors involved its successful use and second demonstration of the effective use of SMC by nurserymen. The plant material used includes both bedding plants and woody perennial species. Results demonstrate that the key factor in the use of SMC for plant production is high soluble salts. Leaching can reduce the high soluble salts. In addition, special consideration should be given to the reduction in potted media volume over time due to composting that continues after the material is removed from mushroom production. SMC as the sole growing media was not as effective as when SMC was amended with a commercial nursery growin...
Composting and vermicomposting of spent mushroom substrate to produce organic fertilizer
Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture
Description or the subject: Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a by-product of the mushroom cultivation industry. Mexico produces more than 350 thousand tons of SMS annually. Attempts have been made to use SMS as a soil amendment, among other applications, with some success. However, leaching from the SMS can discard into groundwater and potentially lead to eutrophication in discharge areas. These problems can be overcome by bioconversion of the waste. Objectives: Thus, the present study aimed to apply composting and vermicomposting methods on a pilot scale, to convert SMS into a highly enriched substrate suitable for soil amendment and horticulture. Method: For this purpose, 800 kg (fresh weight) of SMS was processed by each of the above-mentioned bioconversion methods for 120 days. The physicochemical properties of the initial material (SMS) and the compost and vermicompost obtained at the end of the two processes were analyzed by measuring pH, electrical conductivity, organic matt...
Horticulturae
Commercial mushroom production is based on composted locally available agro-industrial wastes rich in carbon and nitrogen such as wheat straw supplemented with chicken manure. Either component can be replaced by other kinds of grain straw: barley, oat, or a mixture of different straw types and combined with diary manure—food waste digestate after anaerobic biogas digestion. Original, unseparated liquid digestate is nutritious, rich in nitrogen and organic matter. This research aimed to investigate the effect of digestate and different straw ratios on the composting process and productivity and their consequent effect on mushroom cultivation parameters of Agaricus subrufescens. All investigated experimental mushroom compost (EMC) types worked well during the composting process, reaching the desired moisture of 65–75%, N content of 1.43–1.93%, and a C/N ratio ranging from 21.5 to 29.1, supporting growth of mycelium and producing mushrooms. Supplementation with barley straw resulted in...
Spent mushroom compost (SMC) – retrieved added value product closing loop in agricultural production
Acta Agraria Debreceniensis
Worldwide edible mushroom production on agro-industrial residues comprises of more than 11 million tons of fresh mushrooms per year. For 1 kg of mushrooms there is 5 kg of spent mushroom compost (SMC). This enormous amount of waste results in disposal problems. However, SMC is a waste product of the mushroom industry, which contains mycelium and high levels of remnant nutrients such as organic substances (N, P, K). The spent mushroom compost is usually intended for utilization, but there are increasing numbers of experiments focusing on its reuse in agricultural and horticultural production. Recently, the increase of the global environmental consciousness and stringent legislation have focused research towards the application of sustainable and circular processes. Innovative and environmentally friendly systems of utilisation of waste streams have increased interest of the scientific community. Circular economy implies that agricultural waste will be the source for retrieving high v...