Anthropometric and calorimetric evidence for the protein sparing effects of a new protein supplemented low calorie preparation (original) (raw)
Related papers
Revised Protein Sparing Diet in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Nutrients
Effective nutrition therapy is a pressing issue in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management. As such, this research aimed to determine the performance of a revised dietary strategy built on the protein-sparing diet in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus with regard to obtaining a rapid and stable improvement in glucometabolic control, body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism when applying the strategy in just twenty-one days. The revised protein-sparing diet differs from the traditional protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF) because it does not include foods. The daily calorie intake of this diet is exclusively derived from Isolate whey protein in addition to a formulation of Isolate whey protein enriched with essential amino acids in free form, with the addition of lipids such as extra virgin olive oil and coconut oil as a source of medium chain fatty acids, where the latter is taken for only the first four days of the diet, together with the use, for the s...
Protein sparing during treatment of obesity: ketogenic versus nonketogenic very low calorie diet
Metabolism, 1992
Although it is generally agreed that both ketogenic and nonketogenic very low calorie diets promote weight reduction, there is no consensus on a preference of one diet over the other in regard to protein sparing. In the present study, we compared the effects of isocaloric (600 kcal/d) and isonitrogenous (6 g nitrogen/d) ketogenic (low carbohydrate) and nonketogenic diets on parameters of protein and amino acid metabolism, in 16 morbidly obese women maintained on these diets for 4 weeks while confined to a metabolic ward. Cumulative urinary nitrogen excretion (g/4 wk) was significantly (P < .Ol) greater (246 f 6 w 207-C 12, mean-C SEM, n = 8). and cumulative nitrogen balance significantly (P < .02) more negative (-50.4 f 4.4 Y-18.8-C 5.7), during treatment with the ketogenic than with the nonketogenic diet. Plasma leucine concentration (pmol/ L) was significantly higher (P < .05) during treatment with the ketogenic than with the nonketogenic diet at day 14 (210 f 17 Y 160 f S), but not at day 28 (174 f 9 Y 148 f 8). Whole-body rates of leucine oxidation (mmol/h) were significantly higher (P < .05) during treatment with the ketogenic than with the nonketogenic diet at day 14 (1.29 f 0.20~0.92 f 0.10) and at day 28 (1.00 + 0.16 Y 0.75 f 0.10). Conversely, proteolysis, as measured by leucine turnover rate and urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine, was not significantly different between the diets. We conclude that there is greater protein sparing by the nonketogenic than by the ketogenic very low calorie diet, and the mechanism appears to be greater protein synthesis.
Nutrients
The obesity epidemic has caused a widespread interest in strategies to achieve a healthy “high quality” weight loss, where excess fat is lost, while fat free mass (FFM) is preserved. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of whey protein supplementation given before night sleep on FFM preservation during a 4-week (wk) period on a very low caloric diet (VLCD). Twenty-nine obese subjects (body mass index (BMI) > 28 kg/m2) completed a 4-week intervention including a VLCD and a walking program (30 min walking × 5 times per week). Subjects were randomly assigned to either control (CON, n = 15) or a whey protein supplement (PRO, 0.4 g protein/kg/day, n = 14), ingested before bedtime. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA), blood analysis and physical test were performed pre and post intervention. We measured nitrogen excretion in three 24 h urine collections (Day 0, 7 and 28) to assess nitrogen balance. Changes in nitrogen balance (NB) after 7 and 28 days was d...
Nutrition Research, 1998
The aim of this study was to evaluate the lean body mass variation in obese children and adolescents under Protein Sparing Modified Fast (PSMF) treatment through two indirect, not invasive, methods: The Slaughter-Lohman formal as an anthropometric method, and the urinary excretion of 3-Methylhistidine (3MHIS) as a biochemical method. Materials and methods. Thirty-five subjects, divided in two groups, participated in this study: Group A, 12 children (4 girls, 8 boys, age 9.5k1.9, OW% 73.8+20.1); Group B, 19 adolescents (14 girls, 5 boys, age 14.6f2.3,OW% 61.7+19.7). Diet: PSMF: Protein g 1.8f0.08 kg. IBW. day, total Kcalories 10.64+0.63 kg. IBW.day, prescribed for 9 weeks f 1. Results. The 3MHIS final values were not significantly increased compared to the initial ones in both groups. In both groups the final value of lean body mass was significantly higher than the initial ones @<0.03) in terms of percentage and Kg, while the fat mass was significantly reduced. Conclusion. With all the limitations using indirect methods to measure body composition, it seems that a PSMF, prescribed for 9 weeks f 1, does not cause a significant lean body mass loss in obese children and adolescents.
The FASEB Journal, 2013
The purpose of this work was to determine the effects of varying levels of dietary protein on body composition and muscle protein synthesis during energy deficit (ED). A randomized controlled trial of 39 adults assigned the subjects diets providing protein at 0.8 (recommended dietary allowance; RDA), 1.6 (2؋-RDA), and 2.4 (3؋-RDA) g kg ؊1 d ؊1 for 31 d. A 10-d weight-maintenance (WM) period was followed by a 21 d, 40% ED. Body composition and postabsorptive and postprandial muscle protein synthesis were assessed during WM (d 9-10) and ED (d 30-31). Volunteers lost (P<0.05) 3.2 ؎ 0.2 kg body weight during ED regardless of dietary protein. The proportion of weight loss due to reductions in fat-free mass was lower (P<0.05) and the loss of fat mass was higher (P<0.05) in those receiving 2؋-RDA and 3؋-RDA compared to RDA. The anabolic muscle response to a protein-rich meal during ED was not different (P>0.05) from WM for 2؋-RDA and 3؋-RDA, but was lower during ED than WM for those consuming RDA levels of protein (energy ؋ protein interaction, P<0.05). To assess muscle protein metabolic responses to varied protein intakes during ED, RDA served as the study control. In summary, we determined that consuming dietary protein at levels exceeding the RDA may protect fat-free mass during short-term weight loss.
Nutrition Journal, 2012
Background: Excess adipose tissue and sarcopenia presents a multifaceted clinical challenge that promotes morbidity and mortality in the obese, elderly population. Unfortunately, the mortality risks of muscle loss may outweigh the potential benefits of weight loss in the elderly. We have previously demonstrated the effectiveness of whey protein and essential amino acids towards the preservation of lean tissue, even under the conditions of strict bedrest in the elderly. Methods: In the context of caloric restriction-based weight loss, we hypothesized that a similar formulation given as a meal replacement (EAAMR) would foster the retention of lean tissue through an increase in the skeletal muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR). We also proposed that EAAMR would promote the preferential loss of adipose tissue through the increased energy cost of skeletal muscle FSR. We recruited and randomized 12 elderly individuals to an 8 week, caloric restriction diet utilizing equivalent caloric meal replacements (800 kcal/day): 1) EAAMR or a 2) competitive meal replacement (CMR) in conjunction with 400 kcal of solid food that totaled 1200 kcal/day designed to induce 7% weight loss. Combined with weekly measurements of total body weight and body composition, we also measured the acute change in the skeletal muscle FSR to EAAMR and CMR. Results: By design, both groups lost~7% of total body weight. While EAAMR did not promote a significant preservation of lean tissue, the reduction in adipose tissue was greater in EAAMR compared to CMR. Interestingly, these results corresponded to an increase in the acute skeletal muscle protein FSR. Conclusion: The provision of EAAMR during caloric restriction-induced weight loss promotes the preferential reduction of adipose tissue and the modest loss of lean tissue in the elderly population.
Nutrition, 2012
Objective: Energy restriction decreases fat mass and fat-free mass. Our aim was to prevent the latter using type and timing of protein nutrition as tools. Methods: Young male Wistar rats were given a high-energy diet for 5 wk and then energy restricted and fed a high-protein diet containing caseins, milk-soluble proteins (MSP), or a casein-MSP mixture (n ¼ 9 per group) as the only source of protein for 3 wk. Food intake was spread over 12 h, whereas in a previous experiment rats consumed their daily ration within 2 to 3 h. Weight and food intake were recorded. The body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after energy restriction. After 3 wk, the hind-limb muscles, the kidney, intestine, liver, and spleen weights, metabolic plasma parameters, and the liver and extensor digitorum longus muscle protein synthesis rates were measured in the postprandial state. Results: The food intake was similar in all groups. Energy restriction induced a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass (P < 0.001) and stopped the slow growth of lean body mass, with no differences between groups. Among all tissues, a significant effect was detected only for the intestine (P ¼ 0.0012), with a higher weight in the casein group. Postprandial liver and muscle protein synthesis rates were not different between groups. Conclusion: When using a high-protein diet spread over 12 h, the nature of the protein intake has no influence on the sparing of lean body mass during energy restriction in young overweight rats.