Investigating the System Behaviors of a 10 kW Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Prototype Using Plunger Pump and Centrifugal Pump (original) (raw)
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Design, construction, and preliminary results of a 250-kW organic Rankine cycle system
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015
h i g h l i g h t s A 250-kW ORC system using turbine expander was studied for waste heat recovery. The experimentally maximal net power output was 219.5 ± 5.5 kW. The experimentally maximal system thermal efficiency was 7.94%. The turbine isentropic efficiency was 63.7% with a rotational speed of 12,386 rpm. The system responded very rapidly as the heat source temperature changed.
Analysis of a 50 kW organic Rankine cycle system
This study analyzes the system performance of a 50 kW ORC system subject to influence of various working fluids. A dimensionless "figure of merit" combining the Jakob number, condensing temperature, and evaporation temperature is proposed for quantitatively screening working fluid as far as thermal efficiency is concerned. The thermal efficiency normally decreases with the rise of figure of merit, and the predictive ability of the proposed figure of merit is not only applicable to the present eighteen working fluids but is also in line with some existing literatures. Analysis of the typical ORC heat exchangers indicates that the dominant thermal resistance in the shell-and-tube condenser is on the shell side. Similarly, the dominant resistance is also on the refrigerant side for the plate evaporator. However, there is a huge difference of thermal resistance amid working fluid and water side in the preheating zone. Conversely, only a minor difference exists in the evaporation region. The extremely uneven resistance distribution in the plate heat exchanger can be resolved via an additional preheater having significant augmentation in the working fluid.
An experimental and modelling study of a 1 kW organic Rankine cycle unit with mixture working fluid
Energy, 2015
The ORC (organic Rankine cycle) technology is appropriate for conversion of low-grade industrial waste heat to electrical power due to its utilization of volatile organic fluids as working fluids. It has been proposed that zeotropic fluid mixtures can improve the ORC performance compared to pure fluids. The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a zeotropic mixture as working fluid through an experimental study with a lab-scale ORC (organic Rankine cycle) test rig. In this study, a zeotropic mixture of R245fa and R365mfc (48.5%/51.5% on a mole basis) was examined by focusing on its dynamic behavior in the system until reaching steady state and the performance in a scroll expander, a finned-tube heat extractor, an evaporator and a condenser. The test rig used the exhaust gas from a 30 kW Capstone™ Gas Turbine as its heat source. Computer simulation was conducted at system level with steady state conditions and the results were compared to experimental data.
COMMISSIONING, INITIAL TESTING AND RESULTS FROM AN EXPERIMENTAL ONE KILOWATT ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems are capable of utilising low-enthalpy heat sources to generate power. The aim of the Above Ground Geothermal and Allied Technologies (AGGAT) research programme is to develop ORC systems within New Zealand. For the design, component selection and operation of ORC systems, it is important to understand process parameters and component behaviour. An experimental scale ORC system, known as ORC-B, has been built and tested at the University of Canterbury to assist in furthering our knowledge of ORC system design and construction. This paper presents experimental results from running a 1 kW ORC-B system using HFC-M1 refrigerant, a zeotropic mixture of R245fa and R365mfc as the working fluid under several operating conditions. Hot exhaust combustion products from a 30kW Capstone TM Gas Turbine are used as the heat source and heat is transferred via a thermal oil loop to the working fluid through a plate heat exchanger. A scroll expander magnetically coupled to an AC generator is used for work extraction and energy conversion. A thermodynamic analysis of the component performance is undertaken, factoring in several practical aspects of the system and its design. Details on the applied aspects of obtaining accurate results from an experimental ORC system are included, such as the effect of restriction to the flow path, heat losses, pump motor slippage and measurement uncertainty.
International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering, 2021
New and renewable energy sources such as solar, geothermal, and waste heat are energy sources that can be used as a source of energy for Organic Rankine cycle system because the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) requires heat at low temperatures to be used as energy source. The experimental of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems with solar energy as a heat source was conduct to investigate a small-scale ORC system with R134a as a working fluid by varying the heat source at temperature 75⁰C-95⁰C. The experiment resulted a maximum efficiency, power of system is 4.30%, and 185.9 Watt, where the temperature of heat source is 95⁰C, the pressure and temperature of steam inlet turbine is 1.38 MPa and 67.9oC respectively. Solar energy as the main energy source in the ORC system can reduce energy use up to 49.9% or 4080.8 kJ where the temperature of the water as the heat source in the evaporator is 51°C.
Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, 2018
This article reviews the performance of organic Rankine cycle with different heat sources. Plenty of waste heat is widely available in low to medium temperature range from various sources such as engines, machines and processes. The conversion of these low-grade waste heat into electricity is a feasible solution to provide clean energy. The Organic Rankine Cycle (OR C) is a suitable thermal cycle for the waste heat recovery application. The thermodynamic performance of ORC with different operational parameters and several working fluids is discussed. Further, the feasibility of integration of various absorption chillers in ORC, which is run by low-grade waste heat available at the outlet of the evaporator of ORC is evaluated.
Operation optimization of an organic rankine cycle (ORC) heat recovery power plant
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011
This paper presents a detailed analysis of an organic rankine cycle (ORC) heat recovery power plant using R134a as working fluid. Mathematical models for the expander, evaporator, air cooled condenser and pump are developed to evaluate and optimize the plant performance. Computer programs are developed based on proposed models and algorithms. The effects of controlled variables, including working fluid mass flow rate, air cooled condenser fan air mass flow rate, and expander inlet pressure, on the system thermal efficiency and system net power generation have been investigated. ROSENB optimization algorithm combining with penalty function method is proposed to search the optimal set of operating variables to maximize either the system net power generation or the system thermal efficiency. The optimization results reveal that the relationships between controlled variables (optimal relative working fluid mass flow rate, the optimal relative condenser fan air mass flow rate) and uncontrolled variables (the heat source temperature and the ambient dry bulb temperature) are near liner function for maximizing system net power generation and quadratic function for maximizing the system thermal efficiency.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle Using Alternative Working Fluids
The present study is based on parametric investigation in terms of thermal efficiency, exergetic efficiency and exergy destruction with the help mathematical modeling on different ORC models using different fluids. The Thermal efficiency of ORC model of Saturated, Trilateral is compared by using working fluids such as (HFO-1234yf,HFC-134a,HFC-245fa,Ethanol,Iso-pentane by varying expander inlet temperature (30-160⁰C),at fixed condensation temperature(30⁰C) assuming fixed expander isentropic efficiency (=0.75) and fixed isentropic pump efficiency(=0.60). The Thermal efficiency as well as exergetic efficiency has been observed best for theHFO-1234yf and found nearly close with HFC-134a. HFO-1234yf has good potential for working fluid for ORC application for low to medium temperature. It has zero global warming potential (GWP), zero Ozone layer depletion (ODP) and very Low evaporation Temperature. This paper provides a basis to compare the thermal and exergetic efficiency for various working fluids and exergy destruction in various component such as Expander, Evaporator,Condenser,Pump for saturated and Trilateral cycle when used with R-1234yf as working substance.
2021
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) was presented an efficient solution for low-grade waste heat exploitation, due to its uncomplicated mechanism, required less pressure, simple and compact components, and accessible maintenance. The evaporator has the characteristics of a pressure drop due to irreversibility which there was friction between working fluid and the heat exchanger channel walls. Working fluid are utilized for mixture-ratio between R123 and R245fa, and each individual refrigerant i.e. R123 and R245fa, all of them are changed in mass flow rate with verity of 0,1 kg/s and 0,2 kg/s. Difference of boiling point, freezing point, critical temperature and critical pressure could be identified by Ts diagram due to different molecular weight with the lowest of R245fa and the highest of R123. Pump performance produces volume rate and shows pressure different at evaporator with the highest ΔPevap of 0.95 bar, when utilized working fluid of R123. When an expansion process in the expander, molecule weight provides a more massive motion energy intake, therefore working fluid R123 has the highest expander power output and the greatest thermal efficiency