Quantitative Analysis of Seven New Prostate Cancer Biomarkers and the Potential Future of the 'Biomarker Laboratory (original) (raw)
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Diagnostic Utility Of Various Biomarkers For Prostate Cancer : A Review
2019
Prostate carcinoma is one of the most widespread occurring cancers in males and is the second most common cause of cancer related mortality in men around the world. The therapeutic success rate for prostate cancer can be greatly improved if the disease is detected at an early stage. Therefore, a successful therapy depends immensely on the clinical indicators (biomarkers) for early diagnosis and progression of the disease, as well as the prognosis after the clinical intervention. Despite of its limitations, prostate biopsy is the “gold standard” for diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. Beyond the shadow of doubt, the advent of PSA level has marked a new era for the efficient screening of prostatic lesions, but PSA alone cannot be considered as an authentic tool for diagnosis. Therefore, the use of new imaging techniques and molecular markers are of great importance for an accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer. Recent advances in molecular techniques have provided new tools facilitating ...
The Journal of Urology, 2007
Purpose: The use of prostate specific antigen screening to diagnose and monitor prostate cancer is associated with well-known shortcomings. A 2-day Prostate Cancer Biomarker Conference was convened to identify promising areas of research and focus efforts on the most critical needs. Materials and Methods: The conference provided a forum for the presentation and discussion of ongoing prostate cancer biomarker research. This meeting also sought to identify a range of critical issues in the development and validation of biomarkers, foster research collaboration between groups representing government, academic and industry initiatives, and coordinate efforts with planned and ongoing clinical trials. Results: Taken collectively the conference presentations offered various new technologies for biomarker discovery and pathological assessment of clinical disease as well as the promise of biomarkers for improving prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment decisions. However, research efforts focused on biomarker validation and implementation clearly lag behind those directed toward initial biomarker discovery. It is apparent that guidelines are desperately needed to ensure the consistency of sample collection across institutions. Conclusions: Several ongoing and planned adjuvant prostate cancer trials will provide a tremendous opportunity for biological sample collection along with the potential to validate many biomarkers. Practicing urologists have an opportunity to have a critical role in the successful accrual of patients into these trials. ).
Chapter 2 Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer
2019
Since its discovery, elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been the measurement to indicate possibility of prostate cancer, as well as biochemical recurrence following treatment. Although PSA has led to decrease in prostate cancer–related mortalities, PSA is a nonspecific prostate cancer biomarker reflective of other prostate-related conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), resulting in a high false-positive rate. This has led to overtreatment of men with clinically insignificant disease. While most prostate cancer patients have slowly progressive disease and should be treated conservatively, roughly 10% of patients will progress to have metastatic disease, of which the majority of prostate cancer deaths can be attributed. Stratifying these patients based on prognosis so that they may benefit from aggressive treatment is critical to their survival. Biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and subsequent prognostic screening have significantly advanced this field...
Modern biomarkers in prostate cancer diagnosis
Central European Journal of Urology, 2020
Introduction The most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract is prostate cancer (PCa), which is a heterogeneous disease, ranging from very slowly developing and slightly benign to progressing, aggressive, metastatic and fatal, even when properly treated. Existing, imperfect diagnostic methods often lead to over-diagnosis and over-treatment of PCa. That is why new, better PCa biomarkers are being developed. Material and methods This review summarizes the current results of the most promising and clinically used PCa biomarkers, as well as having the potential to create new diagnostic and prognostic tools, based on the Web of Science (www.apps.webofknowledge.com) and Scopus (www.scopus) databases. com). Results Limited specificity of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test brings a need to develop new and better diagnostic tools. In the last few years, new approaches for providing significantly better biomarkers, an alternative to PSA, have been introduced. Modern biomarkers show improvement in being used as not only a diagnostic procedure, but also for staging, evaluating aggressiveness and managing the therapeutic process. We describe the methods recommended in the diagnosis of PCa and new PCa molecular diagnostics technologies. Individual biomarkers are used in various stages of the PCa diagnostic process, which was presented on the developed diagnostic flowchart describing the role of biomarkers in prostate cancer management. Conclusions Given the diverse nature of PCa, one diagnostic test will not answer all questions, so the use of several diagnostic methods will allow physicians to provide patients with better, personalized clinical advice.
Urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer
Current opinion in urology, 2015
The field of urology has been beset by several major trends that have affected the early detection of prostate cancer. These stem primarily from a backlash against overdiagnosis due to prostate specific antigen-based screening efforts and are epitomized by the US Preventive Services Task Force giving prostate specific antigen-based prostate cancer screening a 'D' recommendation. Consequently, the active surveillance strategy for low-risk prostate cancer has become commonplace, leading many to ask how best to follow these patients. More importantly, this public outcry has shifted the focus of early detection from an effort to diagnose any and all prostate cancers to an effort to diagnose only 'high-risk' cancer. Along with a trend for minimally invasive procedures, these forces have challenged the early detection field to more efficiently identify clinically significant prostate cancers at an early stage while limiting the number of biopsies. With US Food and Drug Adm...
Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer
Prostatectomy [Working Title]
Since its discovery, elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been the measurement to indicate possibility of prostate cancer, as well as biochemical recurrence following treatment. Although PSA has led to decrease in prostate cancer-related mortalities, PSA is a nonspecific prostate cancer biomarker reflective of other prostate-related conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), resulting in a high false-positive rate. This has led to overtreatment of men with clinically insignificant disease. While most prostate cancer patients have slowly progressive disease and should be treated conservatively, roughly 10% of patients will progress to have metastatic disease, of which the majority of prostate cancer deaths can be attributed. Stratifying these patients based on prognosis so that they may benefit from aggressive treatment is critical to their survival. Biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and subsequent prognostic screening have significantly advanced this field. Here, we review some of the current blood, tissue, and urine biomarker tools used to measure an array of molecules including DNA, RNA, protein, or even epigenetic modifications. Utilizing the technologies described here, as well as looking to the future, correct early identification of prostate cancer with powerful prognostic value is much closer than ever before.
The Present and Future of Prostate Cancer Urine Biomarkers
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2013
In order to successfully cure patients with prostate cancer (PCa), it is important to detect the disease at an early stage. The existing clinical biomarkers for PCa are not ideal, since they cannot specifically differentiate between those patients who should be treated immediately and those who should avoid over-treatment. Current screening techniques lack specificity, and a decisive diagnosis of PCa is based on prostate biopsy. Although PCa screening is widely utilized nowadays, two thirds of the biopsies performed are still unnecessary. Thus the discovery of non-invasive PCa biomarkers remains urgent. In recent years, the utilization of urine has emerged as an attractive option for the
Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer
Annual Review of Medicine, 2009
The development of biomarkers for prostate cancer screening, detection, and prognostication has revolutionized the management of this disease. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a useful, though not specific, biomarker for detecting prostate cancer. We review the literature on prostate cancer biomarkers, including serum markers (PAP, tPSA, fPSA, proPSA, PSAD, PSAV, PSADT, EPCA, and EPCA-2), tissue markers (AMACR, methylated GSTP1, and the TMPRSS2-ETS gene rearrangement), and a urine marker (DD3PCA3/UPM-3). Future research should focus on validation of already existing biomarkers and the discovery of new markers to identify men with aggressive prostate cancer. CaP: carcinoma of the prostate PSA: prostate-specific antigen PAP: human prostatic acid phosphatase DRE: digital rectal exam 26.2 Makarov et al. Annu. Rev. Med. 2009.60. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by Yale University STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 01/02/09. For personal use only.
Emerging Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer
Clinical Chemistry, 2008
Background: Early detection of prostate cancer (CaP), the most prevalent cancer and the second-leading cause of death in men, has proved difficult, and current detection methods are inadequate. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is a significant advance for early diagnosis of patients with CaP. Content: PSA is produced almost exclusively in the prostate, and abnormalities of this organ are frequently associated with increased serum concentrations. Because of PSA’s lack of specificity for CaP, however, many patients undergo unnecessary biopsies or treatments for benign or latent tumors, respectively. Thus, a more specific method of CaP detection is required to augment or replace screening with PSA. The focus recently has been on creating cost-effective assays for circulating protein biomarkers in the blood, but because of the heterogeneity of CaP, it has become clear that this effort will be a formidable challenge. Each marker will require proper validation to ensure clinical ut...