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Vegetal fibers in polymeric composites: a review
Polímeros
The need to develop and market materials involving constituents of plant fibers has grown based on the awareness of issues related to the environmental impact and sustainability. Large amount of lignocellulosic materials are worldwide generated from various human activities. Lignocellulosic materials is composed by cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, extractives and ash. Recently these constituents have been used in different applications, in particular cellulose has been the focus of numerous studies with intetion to develop composites reinforced with natural fibers. Many studies have shown several different composites reinforced with these fibers to improve the mechanical, physical, chemical properties, anothers deals about the treatments of lignocellulosic materials and their applications as innovative solutions for efficient and sustainable systems. In this paper a revision of lignocellulosic fibers characteristics and the components characteristics, as well as their applications ...
2012
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Prof. S.C. Mishra, for his guidance, encouragement and support throughout this work and my studies here at N.I.T. Rourkela. His guidance and insight gave me encouragement to proceed with confidence towards the completion of this work. His impressive knowledge, technical skills and human qualities have been a source of inspiration and a model for me to follow. I am thankful to Prof. B.C. Roy, present Head of the Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department for providing facilities for smooth conduct of this work. I remain obliged to Dr Alok Satpathy and Dr. S. K. Acharya of Mechanical Engineering Department for their useful suggestions and help rendered to me in carrying out this work. I am also thankful to K. Nayak, of the Mechanical Engineering for the cooperation and help during the time of experimentation. I am indebted to all my colleagues in the Metallurgy group. Their kindness has made my study in the M.Tech program enjoyable. I would also like to thank the other members of the team, Dr. S.K. Swain (Metallurgical Engg. Dept.), Mr. Ashish Dash (Electrical Engg. Dept.) for extending their technical and personal support. It has been a great pleasure to work with all other talented, creative, helpful and dedicated colleagues. I am especially grateful to Metallurgical and Mechanical Laboratory supporting staffs without them the work would have not progressed. Thanks are also due to B. Ravi.achari for his help for rapid work. My heartfelt appreciation goes toward my parents, Mr. Alekha Bihari Behera and Mrs. Urmila Behera who have always provided support and encouragement throughout my education. I would like to thank my younger brother for his friendly support and affection.
Functionalization of technical textile tapes
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
Purpose: The aim of the study was to deposit a hydrophobic barrier coating on technical tapes in order to protect them from water and to test and assess the obtained products. Design/methodology/approach: The coatings were deposited on elastic, textile substrates using PACVD of hexamethyldisiloxane vapours with an RF commercial plasma system under reduced pressure. Findings: The coatings increased the hydrophobicity of the technical tapes, which was confirmed by high water contact angles and reduced water sorption by the tape. The polymerization of the monomer vapour plasma was achieved without carrier gas. With a relatively slow increase in the deposition, rough coatings were obtained on a submicroscopic level, as opposed to the commonly produced smooth ppHMDSO coatings. This rough character enhanced the hydrophobicity of the surface according to the Wetzel or Cassie models. The modification processes did not significantly affect the basic mechanical properties of the tapes, such a...
Improving the Properties of the Tire Tread by Adding SiO 2 and AI 2 O 3
Particulate reinforced elastomer composite was prepared by adding reinforcing fillers Al2O3 and SiO2 separately to the two separated matrices; natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), at different loading levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 pphr). Also many specific tests are performed on these composites. The effects of the variables (matrix type, fillers type and their loading level) on the mechanical properties which include: ultimate tensile strength, elongation percentage at break, modulus of elasticity, compression modulus, hardness, abrasion wear resistance and rebound resilience were studied. The effect on the physical properties which include: swelling, thermal conductivity, and specific gravity was also studied. The results showed that the mechanical properties except resilience increased with the addition of both types of reinforcing fillers and with the increase of the loading level of them. Silica fillers increased these properties more than alumina fillers. The results indicate that the natural rubber composite has better mechanical properties than that of styrene butadiene rubber except the hardness and abrasion wear resistance. The largest value of ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity at 100% elongation, percentage of elongation at break, and compression modulus were (70 MPa, 18 MPa, 350% and 22.7 MPa) respectively for the natural rubber composite reinforced with 25 pphr of silica fillers. Whereas the maximum resilience percentage was (83.6%) for the natural rubber composite reinforced with 25 pphr of alumina. The minimum resilience was (65.59%) for the styrene butadiene rubber reinforced with 25 pphr of silica. The styrene butadiene rubber reinforced with 25 pphr of silica has the largest values of hardness and minimum values of abrasion wear rate; which are (85 IRHD and 0.91 mm3/mm) respectively. II The physical properties are significantly affected by the variables, so that the liquids effect (swelling) was distinctively affected by the loading level of reinforcing fillers, but was not affected significantly by the type of reinforcing fillers and rubbers. The thermal conductivity was also increased with the addition of the reinforcing fillers and with the increase of the loading level of reinforcing fillers. Alumina fillers increase the thermal conductivity more than silica fillers. The maximum thermal conductivity was (0.44 W/m.ºC) for the styrene butadiene rubber reinforced with 25 pphr of alumina. The specific gravity for all rubber composite was increased with the increase of loading level of reinforcing fillers.