Pesticides, Environmental Pollution, and Health (original) (raw)
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Chapter 1 Pesticides , Environmental Pollution , and Health
2018
In recent years, people have been exposed to several types of substances with broad spectrum due to the rapidly evolving technology. One of these chemical substance groups are pesticides. Pesticides have been an essential part of agriculture to protect crops and livestock from pest infestations and yield reduction for many decades. Despite their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety, the environment, and all living things. Concern about the environmental impact of repeated pesticide use has prompted research into the environmental fate of these agents, which can emigrate from treated fields to air, other land, and water bodies. The importance of agricultural pesticides for developing countries is undeniable. However, the issue of human health and environmental risks has emerged as a key problem for these countries in accordance to a number of studies. In the last five decades, pesticide usages increased the quantity and improved the quality of food. Howeve...
Pesticide Uses and its Effects on Public Health and Environment
Journal of Health Promotion, 2018
Pesticide's manufacture, use, storage and disposal should be strictly regulated to reduce its negative effects on environment and public health. The reports show that the pesticide use increasing every year globally and currently its national use in average is 0.39 kg a. i/ha. It has been found that the quantity of consumption of pesticide in Nepal in agricultural field is very low in comparison to the other countries of the globe but due to its haphazard use in some commodity and ignorance of waiting period after its application has increased the risk of the exposure of farm families to pesticides and intake of pesticides by consumers, which are becoming major health threat.
Pesticide Contamination and Human Health
Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 2019
Pesticides play a vital role in modern farming in order to meet the needs of growing population. However, due to their toxic effects, pesticides cause a serious threat to public health. Pesticides when used excessively and carelessly cause social conflict, as most of the workers are intoxicated by these chemicals. These chemicals not only affect farmers and applicators but also adversely affect surrounding communities, flora and fauna. During the present decade, there is an increased awareness among the people regarding pesticide poisoning. The present chapter highlighted the adverse effect of pesticides on environment and on human health. This review helps to seek the attention of researchers, government, and non-government organizations on health issues that have been associated with the exposure of harmful chemical pesticides and encourage research on finding the new concept in modern agriculture involving a reduction in the use of chemical pesticides.
Effects of pesticide use in agriculture and its impact on human health
Biolife, 2023
Going by the characterization of pesticides, they are chemical substances that are made use of to eliminate animals, insects, plant and fungal bugs in cultivation, at home as well as in institutions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the various aspects of pesticide use in agriculture and to study the effect of pesticides use in agriculture on human health. Agricultural community was taken for this study and areas were randomly chosen. All farmers, both men and women were interviewed if they were working in an agricultural field. The most commonly used pesticides according to the sprayers were Rogar/Dimethoate (55%), Ekalux/Qunalphos (49.4 %), Endosulphan (48.5%) and Monocrotophos (45.9%). While pesticides were sprayed, non sprayers (40.1%), including women (19.3%) continued to work in the same field, which exposed them to pesticides (Table 5). Time of reference for the non-sprayers was while working in the field during or after pesticide spraying. These signs and symptoms were reported by a large number of sprayers. 373 sprayers (86.1%) and 156 (78.8%) of non-sprayers reported at least one of these signs and symptoms.
Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 2019
Pesticides are known to be one of the extremely useful and incredibly beneficial agents for preventing losses of crops as well as diseases in humans. They are used in a large number of conditions as in farms, orchards, gardens, parks, sports lawn, residences, industrial areas, shops, schools, hospitals, airports, railway lines, drains, on animals, and on people for control of diseases such as scabies and head lice. People are exposed to pesticides in their daily lives through multiple routes of exposure such as occupational or food, water, and air. Many pesticides can be used safely and effectively, but care must be taken while using them. Several pesticides are beneficial in agriculture for killing pests. Yet many times their injurious effects offset the positive ones. Uses of pesticides are apprehension for sustainability of environment and global stability. This chapter aims to discuss pesticides, their types, routes of their exposure, human health concerns related to them, metho...
Human Health and Environmental Effects of Pesticide Use in Agriculture
International Journal For Research In Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 2020
The large scale and injudicious use of pesticides has created alarming concerns about the adverse effects on human health and the environment. The non target organisms, particularly insect's natural enemies and pollinators, have got the most attention about the adverse effects of pesticides because of their value in integrated pest management (IPM) and pollination processes, respectively. Because Natural enemies play an important role in controlling pest population levels, therefore, destruction of these by using pesticides can activate pest problems. The secondary pest outbreaks are also caused by the loss of predator species. Because of indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture the quality of soil and aquatic environment are also adversely affected to the considerable level along with the natural enemies. Pesticides degrade soil invertebrates including earthworms, nematodes and other small organisms that have an important role in soil ecosystem. Pesticides can pass in to the human body through inhalation, oral or dermal exposure and become the main cause of several diseases like cancer, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, endocrine disruption and reproduction disorders. There are various ways to protect human health and environmental hazards as a result of indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture like, development and use of safe and environmental friendly pesticide formulations, introduction of alternative pest control master plans in an IPM approach such as host plant resistance and bio control.
Pesticides Usage and Its Toxic Effects – A Review
Indian journal of entomology, 2023
The urbanization of agriculture sector leads to an increased chemical affliction on the environment. Pesticides are the chemicals used in agriculture to protect the plants from weeds, pests or diseases and human being from various diseases. In this review, the literature of different types of pesticides, pesticide usage and its toxic effects on mammalian systems are summarized. Most commonly used pesticides are fungicides, insecticides and herbicides to control the weeds and pest from agricultural sites. In the usage of pesticides, India stands 12 th in the world even though the use of pesticides in India is low as compared to other nations in the world. However due to their negative impacts on human and the environment there is a requirement for an ecological and sustainable approach, as the public needs the execution of the latest concept of agriculture that is safe for humans and the environment. For the sustainable agriculture development and to protect the environment from adverse effects of chemical pesticides, formulation and utilisation of bio-pesticides should be encouraged.
Pesticides and Its Impact on Environment, Biodiversity and Human Health- A Short Review
Pesticides are chemicals that are broadly used to protect crops, livestock and other animals and plants from insect-pests and diseases. Pesticides use has greatly helped to increase and improve world food production; however pesticide residue may cause an adverse impact on non-target organisms including water, biota and humans. Pesticide residues may enter into the environment as a result of spray drift, vaporisation, surface run-off, unlawful acts, spills and drainage discharges, and through leaching or soil dusts. The harmful or unwanted effects that may happen from application or use of pesticides on non-target organisms are: fish kills, contamination of surface and groundwater. Humans can be exposed to pesticides residues via contaminated water and contaminated food or non-target drift or application. Pesticides can persist in the environment for a long period, are bio-accumulative and toxic and a number of pesticides are also known as endocrine disruptors. The long term health ...
Human Health Risks: Impact of Pesticide Application
This article reviews the application of pesticides in Gaza Strip, Palestine and discusses its associated health risks. This study is based on data collection and analysis. Data showed that large quantities of pesticides are used in Gaza Strip and the quantities are increased annually. Analyzing the data indicates that large numbers of pesticides are used for controlling different types of pests. Some pesticides are restricted by law but are available in the local market. Classification of pesticides according to its biological activity indicates that insecticides are the largest uses among other pesticides. Reviewing the acute poisonous cases in health records indicates that the reported acute toxic cases were among local farmers in Gaza and the number of acute toxic cases increased annually indicating direct health risks associated with pesticide use. In addition, the increased number of congenital malformation among the newborns indicates indirect health risks. Moreover, the number of cancer cases in Khan Younis governorate indicates a positive association with pesticide use. Classification of pesticides according to WHO standards identified extreme toxic pesticides (e.g parathion), highly toxic (dichlorvos), moderately toxic (malathion) and less toxic ones. These Pesticides have a wide range of octanol-water partitioning coefficient (K ow , log P) values (-0.8 -6.6), which results in a variety of storage and transport patterns in human bodies. They may move from the storage sites (e.g fat bodies) via partitioning to other parts of the human body. A pesticide with high K ow log P value (hydrophobic) such as Fenvalerate can be stored in fat containing particles and be released in milk secretion exposing fetus, mother, and infants to health risks. A satisfactory solution to these problems is the implementation of restriction measures and the performance of frequent pesticide residue analysis of food samples.