Exploration and Collection of Crop Germplasm from Eastern Parts of Arunachal Pradesh (original) (raw)
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Besides cultivation and semi-domestication of crops, Adi people collect lot of wild vegetables from nearby forests to meet their daily requirement. Qualitative and quantitative data in the present study were collected through field survey and personal interview using standard questionnaires. Altogether, 152 plant species belonging to 95 genera and 39 families were encountered during the study period. They were broadly divided into three categories as cultivated crops , semi-domesticated plants and wild plants . Vegetables and pulses formed the most frequent mode of uses followed by spices and condiments, cereals and oil seeds. Species diversity based on the habit of the plant revealed that herbs were the most dominant habit followed shrubs, climbers and trees. Based on the plant part uses, leaves formed the most frequently used part followed by fruits, seeds etc. Cultivation is mainly of sustenance in nature rather than for commercial purposes. Most of the agricultural crops are imported from other states mainly Assam. Hence, commercial and proper cultivation of cultivated crops, semi-domesticated plants without losing the traditional value along with scientific approaches and sustainable collection of wild plants are very essential at this stage for welfare of the society in particular and region in general.
Indian journal of traditional knowledge
Arunachal Pradesh, the largest state of Northeast India, falls under Eastern Himalayan region, which is declared as one of the biodiversity Hot Spots in the world. The Adi and Monpa are two of the 26 major tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. These tribes have been selecting and using number of ethnobotanicals which are important for food, nutrition and ethnomedicine. These ethnobotanical species have great potential to develop them as 'future crops of India'. Looking to this importance of ethnobotanicals, a study was conducted during 2005-2008 among Adi and Monpa tribes. Respondents of study were sampled from randomly chosen villages of East Sinag and West Kameng districts. Data pertaining to study were collected using conventional and participatory methods. Results reveal that there are 14 ethnobotanicals used as food, nutritional and ethnomedicinal items by Adi tribes, while, one species was recorded from Monpa community being used for the similar purposes. These total 15 species...
Collecting Crop Genetic Resources from Mon, A Remote District of Nagaland
An exploration for agri-horticultural crops from Mon district of Nagaland has resulted in the collection of 138 accessions representing rich variability in major fi eld crops such as rice, maize and foxtail millet, besides fi rst time collection of local germplasm of chenopod and prosomillet in this state. Drastic reduction in cultivation of Job's tears, a native crop of North-eastern Hill region, was observed. Diversity in exotic vegetables-Abelmoschus caillei, Capsicum chinense and C. frutescens, Solanum aethiopicum and S. macrocarpon along with important crops viz. okra, chilli and brinjal was also noted. Brief information on the salient collections, cultivation practices, local type preferences, folk use and conservation strategies are also highlighted.
Observations on Diversity in Temperate Fruits in North Eastern Region, India
2008
This paper deals with temperate fruits germplasm collected from two states in the region i.e. Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh along with field notes. Standard methods pertaining to collection of genetic resources were followed. A total of 79 accessions involving 44 taxa were collected from both the states. Unlike western Himalaya, in both the states, commercial cultivation of temperate fruits has not been seen. Good variability in Pyrus pashia, Docynia indica, Actinidia callosa, Malus baccata and Rubus moluccanus are noticed. In Meghalaya, Myrica esculenta, Prunus nepaulensis, Baccaurea ramiflora, Vangueria spinosa, Elaeagnus latifolia, Docynia indica, etc. are noticed in transition process from wild to cultivated status while. Pyrus pashia and Cornus capitata in Arunachal Pradesh. More than one third of taxa collected are endemic to the region. Twenty one taxa not collected in previous explorations were collected including the wild form of Diospyros kaki in Khasi and Jaintia Hills and Chaenomeles cathayensis in Tawang. Exploration strategies to be followed in future in those areas are discussed.
his article describes a brief account on the agrobiodiversity of Sikkim. Agrobiodiversity is the variety and variability of animals, plants, and microbes that are used directly or indirectly for food and agriculture, including Tc rops, livestock, forestry, and fisheries. Sikkim, a constituent states of Northeastern Region of India has a diversified ecosystem as evident by 5 different climatic zones, 6 different forest types, 3 soils orders, 26 soil subgroups, 21 glaciers, 28 mountains and peaks, 227 lakes and wetlands, more than 104 rivers and streams within a small geographical area of 7,096 sq.km. The State can be considered as one of a biodiversity rich region of India. Being a part of inner ranges of the Himalaya, Sikkim has no open valley and plains but has rugged terrain with elevations ranging from 300 to 6000m amsl. The topography is comprised of low hills, mid hills, high hills, alpine zones and snow bound land. About 69 crop species of food, vegetable, fruit, ornamental and commercial importance are cultivated between 300 and 2000 m elevation. A great diversity is found within most of the food crops and large part of the arable land is planted by local cultivars. According to a modest estimate, more than 178 cultivars or landraces are available among the 69 crop plants grown in Sikkim. Rice has greater genetic diversity in Sikkim. About 43 landraces could be distinguished in rice. About 26 landraces of maize were found in addition to 6 landraces of finger millet; 14 local cultivars of Rajmash, 7 rice bean, 9 each in chillies and chow-chow, 4 in rai sag; about 11 clones of large cardamom, 5 clones of ginger and 4 clones of banana. The rich agro-biodiversity in the hill has evolved over time and space due to extreme variations in altitude and environmental conditions. In addition to the physical and ecological conditions and the natural evolutionary process, the diversity that exist on-farm has also been greatly influenced by diverse social, cultural and economic conditions of the farming communities. Numerous ethnic groups with varying socio-cultural preferences and needs have contributed to the diversity and farmers have accumulated a wealth of knowledge on these diversities and the systems as a whole.
Wild Relatives and Related Species of Crop Plants in India - their Diversity and Distribution
1983
The wild relatives of crop plants and related species arc of considerable importance in studies on crop improvement and in providing basic information on species relationships. The concentration of these taxa lies in the centres of diversity of crop plants. The Indian sub-continent forms part of such a centre of diversity (Vavilov, 1950, Zeven and Zhukovsky, 1975). Further, this diversity has also been enriched due to active gene exchange with the surrounding regions, particularly in the northern/north-eastern parts (Chatterjee, 1939). In this paper, a synthesis of the diversity and distribution of such flora has been attempted, pinpointing areas of concentration of these wild types so that this information can be profitably utilized particularly by the plant explorers. Collection, study and conservation of this genetic wealth is of great importance.
Agro-Biodiversity of Kumaun Himalaya, India: A Review
Current Agriculture Research Journal, 2016
Kumaun Himalaya is one of the unique systems rich in indigenous traditional knowledge and culturally strong. In the present study, qualitative and quantitative data were on agro-biodiversity through field and literature survey. Altogether, 160 plant species belonging to 117 genera and 57 families were recorded. In addition, a large number of land races, varieties and wild relatives are also being used. Cultivation of these crops is mainly of subsistence in nature rather than for commercial purposes. Due to a number of reasons, the area under traditional crops is declining in Kumaun Himalayan region but many of the crop varieties are still conserved because of their socio-cultural and religious values. The human population has increased over time forcing farmers to change their cropping patterns, for example, replacement of mixed cropping to mono-cropping and switching over to cash crops. This has adverse implications on traditional agro-biodiversity of the region. There are both loc...
Semi-domesticated and Protected plants from Borail hills range, Assam
The North Cachar Hills, now known as Dima Hasao is a southern district of Assam, India and is located between 24 0 58 / N and 25 0 47 / N latitudes and 92 0 27 / E and 93 0 43 / E longitudes. The main ethnic groups in the district are Dimasas, Zeme Nagas, Hmars, Hrangkhols, Biates, Jansens and Thadous (New-Kukis), Sakacheps (Khelmas), Vaipheis and Jaintia (Pnars).
New distribution records of some wild crop relatives from India
Journal of Threatened Taxa
Field surveys across various parts of the country coupled with an analysis of literature and examination of herbarium specimens revealed the natural distribution of six wild relatives of crop species in various states/union territories of India, viz., Cajanus scarabaeoides (from Lakshadweep), Cucumis javanicus (from Meghalaya), Hystrix duthiei (from Jammu & Kashmir), Luffa echinata (from Haryana) and Trichosanthes pilosa (from Andhra Pradesh), which have not been reported earlier from these states. Their descriptions, phenology, habitat and other field notes have been presented here.