Model-based Fault-tolerant Control to Guarantee the Performance of a Hybrid Wind-Diesel Power System in a Microgrid Configuration (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, 2014
This paper presents a methodology for designing an effective fault-tolerant controller (FTC) through the combination of three control techniques: linear parameter varying (LPV), model reference adaptive control (MRAC), and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The proposed FTC is tested in a diesel engine generator (DEG), operating as a master generation unit in an autonomous hybrid wind-diesel power system with a battery storage system (BSS). The control objectives are to regulate voltage and frequency of the DEG and to ensure covering the demand load. Frequency regulation is achieved with the help of an MRAC-LPV scheme combining a PID controller tuned by a genetic algorithm (GA) for maintaining the speed of the diesel engine (DE) in a constant value, and in consequence the frequency of the grid. Voltage magnitude control is performed through a constrained variation of the field voltage of the synchronous generator through a classic MRAC. Different operating conditions of the hybrid power system are applied in order to test the controller's robustness: (i) steady-state operation; (ii) sudden connection of a load of 0.5 MW; (iii) a three-phase fault with duration of 0.5 s; and (iv) DE's actuator fault with six different magnitudes. An improved performance is achieved by the proposed scheme over a baseline controller, IEEE type 1 AVR for voltage regulation and a governor with PI controller for frequency regulation. Dynamic models of the microgrid components are presented, and the proposed microgrid and its FTC are implemented and tested in the Simpower Systems of MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment. The simulation results showed that the use of an LPV methodology for designing the MRAC allows the online accommodation of different fault magnitudes in the DE actuator and improves the FTC system performance in comparison with the baseline controller.
This paper presents two model-based approaches for designing control strategies in order to integrate a diesel generator as frequency and voltage leader in an islanded microgrid configuration. The selected microgrid configuration is composed of a hybrid wind-diesel system with a battery storage system (BSS). A model predictive control (MPC) scheme and a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme are selected for this task, due to its flexibility and capability for handling constraints and fault-tolerance, respectively, which is helpful for smart grid (SG) architectures to achieve reduced fuel consumption and with and enhanced reliability and integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the electrical network. A constrained fuel consumption strategy has been implemented in the diesel engine generator (DEG) controller with the help of MPC strategy and fault-tolerance is achieved with MRAC. Different operating conditions of the microgrid were simulated: 1) diesel-only generation, 2) wind turbine generator (WTG) ignition, 3) sudden connection of 0.5 MW load, and 4) a 3-phase fault with duration of 0.5 seconds. Improved performance over a baseline controller, IEEE type 1 automatic voltage regulator (AVR), is achieved. Dynamic models of the network components are presented in details on design and implementation of the microgrid configuration in Matlab/Simulink R .
Fault-Tolerant Control of a Master Generation Unit in an Islanded Microgrid
Proceedings of the 19th IFAC World Congress, 2014
Two model-based fault-tolerant control design strategies are presented for a Diesel Engine Generator (DEG) working as a master generation unit in an islanded microgrid consisting of a hybrid wind-diesel-photovoltaic power system with a Battery Storage System (BSS). A Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme and a Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) scheme have been selected for precise and stable voltage and frequency regulation in the DEG. A Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) module is added to the MPC structure, in order to reconfigure the control strategy when actuator faults in the DEG are present. MRAC is used in combination with a PID controller tuned by a Genetic Algorithm (GA). Improved performance over a baseline controller, IEEE type 1 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR), is achieved in a developed realistic simulation environment based on Matlab/Simulink.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF A HYBRID WIND-DIESEL MICROGRID
Some communities in remote locations with high wind velocities and an unreliable utility supply, will typically install small diesel powered generators and wind generators to form a microgrid. Over the past few years, microgrid projects have been developed in many parts of the world, and commercial solutions have started to appear. Such systems face specific design issues, especially when the wind penetration is high enough to affect the operation of the diesel plant.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2021
https://www.ijert.org/the-study-of-smart-microgrid-stability-using-diesel-engine-governor-and-excitation-system-controllers https://www.ijert.org/research/the-study-of-smart-microgrid-stability-using-diesel-engine-governor-and-excitation-system-controllers-IJERTV10IS050117.pdf In recent years, the demand on renewables has been continuously increasing which is motivated by environmental policies to push for the retirement of fossil fuel power generations and to move toward zero carbon emissions. The driver of enhancing the power system reliability makes it feasible to interconnect conventional grid with renewables. The concept of smart grid has enabled the monitor, control and automatic dispatch of power flow in today power network. This paper will review the impact of renewables penetration on conventional grid stability, and also it will introduce some approaches to improve the power system stability. In the last sections of this report, the modelling of diesel engine with governor and excitation system controllers will be described and simulated in smart microgrid case study to evaluate the transient and small-signal stabilities.
MAS-based Adaptive Control Scheme for AC Microgrids with increased fault-tolerance needs
IET Renewable Power Generation
This paper presents a fault-tolerant secondary and adaptive primary microgrid control scheme using a hybrid multiagent system (MAS), capable of operating either in a semi-centralised or distributed manner. The proposed scheme includes a droop-based primary level that considers the microgrid energy reserves in production and storage. The secondary level is responsible for: a) the microgrid units' coordination, b) voltage and frequency restoration and c) calculation of the droop/ reversed-droop coefficients. The suggested architecture is arranged upon a group of dedicated asset agents that collect local measurements, take decisions independently and, collaborate in order to achieve more complex control objectives. Additionally, a supervising agent is added to fulfill secondary level objectives. The hybrid MAS can operate either with or without the supervising agent operational, manifesting fast redistribution of the supervising agent tasks. The proposed hybrid scheme is tested in simulation upon two separate physical microgrids using three scenarios. Additionally, a comparison with conventional control methodologies is performed in order to illustrate further the operation of a hybrid approach. Overall, results show that the proposed control framework exhibits unique characteristics regarding reconfigurability and fault-tolerance, while power quality and improved load sharing are ensured even in case of critical component failure. 1 Introduction Microgrids have been gaining increasing attention over the past years. They represent prosperous solutions to both distributed energy resources (DERs) and to stand-alone, isolated power systems that may be used for special applications such as telecommunication stations and remote area research bases. Microgrid DERs are normally converter interfaced in the sense that microgrids become structures of parallel converters, posing challenges to control systems design, especially in case of islanded operation [1]. As a rapidly evolving field of research, highly diverse control system solutions have been proposed by both academia and industry. Depending on the control design and operating time frame of the systems implementing the microgrid control core objectives, a plethora of centralised, decentralised, distributed and hierarchical control approaches have been proposed [2]. Despite the different design implementations, it can be observed that microgrid control systems follow a certain hierarchy. This hierarchy is most frequently divided into three layers, which are generally described as follows: primary level undertakes load
An Adaptive Control and Power Management of a PV-Wind- Diesel Hybrid Microgrid System
2020
A significant challenge for the stability of the power grid has been the decreasing energy demand, and thus major concern has been raised. The variations of frequency and voltage are important problems of these remote microgrids, since renewables such as wind and solar are intermittent. This paper presents a simulation-based research into the development and control of a power management system for independent solar-wind-diesel hybrid energy systems. The proposed power control strategy for the voltage source converter (VSC) connected to the DC battery have been configured to control the voltage and power outputs. Thus photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems were incorporated in the wind turbine for the development of a micro-grid with hybrid power sources. The battery system serves as a master unit to set the standard AC bus voltage and frequency. For reduced switching devices and easy control the proposed topology has the advantage. DG has been used as an ac source for...
Wind power generation is gaining popularity as the power industry in the world is moving toward more liberalized trade of energy along with public concerns of more environmentally friendly mode of electricity generation. The weakness of wind power generation is its dependence on nature-the power output varies in quite a wide range due to the change of wind speed, which is difficult to model and predict. The excess fluctuation of power output and voltages can influence negatively the quality of electricity in the distribution system connected to the wind power generation plant. In this paper, the authors propose an intelligent adaptive system to control the output of a wind power generation plant to maintain the quality of electricity in the distribution system. The target wind generator is a costeffective induction generator, while the plant is equipped with a small capacity energy storage based on conventional batteries, heater load for co-generation and braking, and a voltage smoothing device such as a static Var compensator (SVC). Fuzzy logic controller provides a flexible controller covering a wide range of energy/voltage compensation. A neural network inverse model is designed to provide compensating control amount for a system. The system can be optimized to cope with the fluctuating market-based electricity price conditions to lower the cost of electricity consumption or to maximize the power sales opportunities from the wind generation plant.
ECONOMICAL TECHNIQUE FOR VOLTAGE STABILIZATION IN WIND-DIESEL HYBRID MICROGRID
Electricity is the major ingredient in the development of modern society, which reflects the living standard of the people. However, everyone is not lucky to have the access of electricity. This is may be due to the remote location, non-availability of sufficient power and cost of electricity to make it available at that location. The most common way to supply electricity at such locations is by installing a diesel power plant. The main advantage of diesel engine that it can be located anywhere and can supply small/huge isolated Loads, such a system of its own will produce high cost electricity to the consumers. To reduce the cost of the electricity, renewable energy sources base generation can be used in coordination with the diesel generator. Most of the renewable sources are intermittent in nature and causes the imbalance between the demand and the generation. Absence of control mechanism even can damage the system especially in autonomous operation. The main parameters that are to be controlled are voltage and frequency which determines the stability and quality of the power supplied. By controlling the fuel input to the different generating units the frequency management of output power can be achieved easily while to control the voltage, the reactive power must be balanced. In this paper voltage and frequency of the hybrid wind Diesel system are controlled by static VAR compensator (SVC), which has excellent characteristics to control the terminal voltage of the system. The different type of SVC systems are designed and compared to show the performance of each type of compensator.
11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, 2011
This paper presents a new application of fuzzy logic (FL) to 1 an isolated network with a High Penetration, no-storage wind-diesel (HPNSWD) system. As a result of a study referring the behavior of an isolated electric system facing frequency disturbances, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) was developed to improve the system´s dynamic performance. The validity of the proposed controller is evaluated by computer analysis using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results demonstrated that a small-scale wind turbine generation unit can be freely operated in an isolated distribution network without creating violation in power balance and voltage profile. The effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller is then compared with that of a proportionalintegral-and differential (PID) controller.