Re. Trieste and Odilo Globocnik, Higher SS and Police Leader* *(many unknown citations: researched by Erwin H. Lerner) (original) (raw)
Related papers
The Solution to the Jewish Question—Auschwitz-Birkenau
Understanding Willing Participants, Volume 2, 2018
At face value, Operation Reinhard and the Auschwitz concentration camp system appear somewhat similar, the main common denominator being the goal of killing massive numbers of human beings. Having said that, a closer look reveals each was governed by different, discrete policy objectives: Operation Reinhard's policy was to kill all the "useless mouths" in the Polish ghettos while Auschwitz focused on extermination through work. Even so, as this chapter will show, Auschwitz moved toward its objective using the same mechanism as Operation Reinhard and, later, Milgram did-the application of intuition, past experience, and close observation of the pilot-testing process (all of which advanced efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control, along with a greater dependence on non-human technologies). With a more pronounced emphasis on industrialization, Auschwitz achieved its most significant "advancement"-the one that distinguished it most from other solutions to the "Jewish problem"-in the matter of the most powerful strain resolving mechanism of all-the means of inflicting harm. Killing on an industrial scale distinguished Auschwitz in three main ways: efficiency, profitability, and (from the Nazi perspective) "humaneness." The Nazis, it seems, regarded the Auschwitz process as the most humane solution to the "Jewish problem" in two main ways. First, for the most directly involved perpetrators, Auschwitz was a relatively stressfree, and with the camp's high standard of living, pleasant place to work. Second, Auschwitz developed a standard operating procedure that the Nazis in and beyond the camp-including the German public cognizant CHAPTER 7
Robbing the Jews: The Confiscation of Jewish Property in the Holocaust, 1933–1945
The American Historical Review, 2009
The book series Der Ort des Terrors [Place of Terror] provides a survey of the concentration camps and the state of knowledge about this instrument of control in Nazi Germany and the occupied territories. Its subjects are the more than twenty main camps and about 1,000 subordinate camps (Außenlager). The realization of this enormous work drew on countless contributions by researchers from diverse specialist disciplines over the last quarter-century. The first joint volume examined the structures of the Nazi camp system and functional changes in them over time. 1 The subsequent volumes presented the camps chronologically, looking at a plethora of auxiliary camps in Germany. Volume 8 differs from its predecessors insofar as it explores not only camps subject to the SS-Inspectorate of the Concentration Camps (Inspektion der Konzentrationslager), but the Operation Reinhard death camps in the Generalgouvernement of Poland, which came into being thanks to Himmler, his regional representatives, and the Reich chancellery. (Auschwitz is examined in Volume 5, published in 2007, pp 75-311.) Meanwhile, the ambitious project undertaken by Wolfgang Benz, longtime director of the Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung at Berlin's Technical University, and Barbara Distel, former director of the concentration camp memorial (Gedenkstätte) in Dachau, has reached its conclusion with Volume 9, dealing with institutions similar to the camps proper. 2 The contributions have a similar structure: describing the foundation and development of the camps, their internal organization, and the deeds of the guards and their commanders. The same weight is given to different groups of prisoners, their suffering, powers of self-assertion, and resistance. The authors also investigate the place of the camp within the overall frame of the Holocaust and occupation policy in the country or region under consideration. Franziska Jahn begins Volume 8 with her presentation of the Riga-Kaiserwald camp (pp 17-63), which the German conquerors erected in March 1943 in the part of the Latvian capital known as Mežaparks. It was situated in a formerly elegant suburb, once inhabited by local Germans, not far from the central administration of the Reich commissariat
The Fate of 435 Jewish Individuals Deported from Dresden to Theresienstadt between 1942 and 1944
2020
Making Germany Judenfrei (free of Jews) or Judenrein (purified of Jews) was one of the pillars of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party in Germany. One means of achieving this from 1941 onwards was the deportation of Jewish people to ghettoes or death camps in the occupied territories, primarily Poland, but also including Bohemia (now in the Czech Republic) where the Theresienstadt Ghetto was located.As part of this criminal act, 435, mainly elderly Jews were deported from Dresden to the Theresienstadt from 1942 to 1944. Using the personal information shown on the Gestapo deportation lists, this study shows that new facts about the fate of these people can emerge when the information provided is analysed on a group basis. It can also corroborate information provided elsewhere. For example, the extremely high death rate (87%) suffered by these people from Dresden echoes the overall death rate of 84% given by Yad Vashem for the 118,000 unfortunate individuals who were in the Ghetto and ...
Occupied Hungary's 1944 Murder Machine
2021
77 years ago, between May 14, 1944 and July 9, 1944 (and July 20, 1944), most rural Hungarian Jewry was deported during 57 days according to a planned schedule. The people were first robbed and imprisoned in closed ghettos and then transported under cruel and inhuman conditions to the German run death camps in occupied Poland by cattle wagons of the Hungarian State Railway (MÁV) (147 transports). Nearly 430,000 Hungarian Jewish women, men and children were thus taken to the death camps, robbed again and most murdered upon arrival.
EAC Occasional Paper, 2024
Michael Baales, Marcus Weidner & Manuel Zeiler (2024): Massacres in the Arnsberg Forest. Interdisciplinary research on the end-of-war crimes against forced labourers in the last days of the Second World War in Westphalia (western Germany). In: Alex Hale & Thomas Kersting: New Challenges. Archaeological Heritage Management and the Archaeology of the 18th to 20th centuries. EAC Occasional Paper 19. Namur, 97-104. In recent years, a historical reappraisal has been carried out of one of the worst crimes – outside of prisons and concentration camps – committed in Germany by the SS and Wehrmacht in the fi nal months of the Second World War: the massacre of 208 forced labourers in the Arnsberg Forest near Warstein and Meschede (Westphalia, western Germany) by SS-General Kammler’s “Division for Vengeance” in March 1945. The use of archaeological research methods allowed us to (1) pinpoint both the scenes of the crimes and the events, (2) recover and classify fi nds attributed to both the victims and the perpetrators, and (3) uncover and record concrete fi nds and features from when the atrocity occurred in their historical context, the period of the initial burial of the victims by US troops in May 1945 and their exhumation in 1964, with the aim of preserving them for future presentations. In den letzten Jahren wurde eines der schlimmsten Verbrechen – außerhalb von Gefängnissen und Konzentrationslagern –, das SS und Wehrmacht in den letzten Monaten des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland verübten, historisch aufgearbeitet: das Massaker an 208 Zwangsarbeiter:innen im Arnsberger Wald bei Warstein und Meschede (Süd-Westfalen) durch die "Division zur Vergeltung" unter SS-General Kammler im März 1945. Die Anwendung archäologischer Forschungsmethoden ermöglichte es uns zudem, (1) die Tatorte und Ereignisse genau zu lokalisieren, (2) Funde zu bergen und zu klassifizieren, die sowohl den Opfern als auch den Tätern zugeschrieben werden können, und (3) konkrete Funde und Befunde aus der Zeit der Gräueltaten in ihrem historischen Kontext, der Zeit der Beisetzung der Opfer (veranlasst durch US-Truppen im Mai 1945) und ihrer Exhumierung im Jahr 1964, freizulegen und zu erfassen, um sie für zukünftige Präsentationen zu bewahren.
Stopping the Trains to Auschwitz (second, revised edition)
Stopping the Trains to Auschwitz: Budapest, 1944, 2020
When the German army invaded Hungary on March 19, Adolf Eichmann and the Gestapo had a free hand to solve what Hitler considered to be the “Jewish problem.” With the aid of the Hungarian gendarmes (the provincial police force) the operation proceeded swiftly, so that by early July about 470,000 Jews had been deported to the German Reich, primarily to Auschwitz. But a number of factors played a role in causing Eichmann and the Gestapo to fail in deporting a remaining Jewish population of Budapest, close to 200,000 persons. The following study shows how and why they failed.