Energy Efficient Multipath Routing For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (original) (raw)

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks are treated as the emerging filed in the wireless communication. They comprise only mobile nodes that use wireless transmission and can be set anywhere and anytime because they eliminate complexity of infrastructure and central admission. They are essentially suitable when infrastructure is not present or difficult or costly to setup or when network setup is to be done quickly within a short period. They are very attractive for tactical communication in the military, rescue missions, emergency situations and mobile communications. The routing is the major issue in the field of MANET due to the mobility nature and lack of infrastructure of the network. The different routing protocols have been proposed to address the routing issue. The nodes in the MANET are typically powered by batteries which have limited energy reservoir. Sometimes it becomes very difficult to recharge or replace the battery of nodes and in such situation energy conservations are essential. The lifetime of the nodes show strong dependence on the lifetime of the batteries. In the MANET nodes depend on each other to relay packets. The loss of some nodes may cause significant topological changes, undetermined the network operation, and affect the lifetime of the network. Hence the energy consumption becomes an important issue in MANET. We proposed an Energy-Aware On-demand Multipath Routing (EAOMR) protocol by modifying the standard multipath routing protocol Ad hoc On demand Multipath Routing (AOMDV) protocol. It selects energy aware node-disjoint multipath between source and destination pairs by using new two power aware metrics, minimize cost per packet and minimize the maximum node cost to increases the network of lifetime .Finally we compare the performance of EAOMR with AOMDV protocol by using Network Simulator 2(NS2) to prove better performance of proposed protocol by using different performance metrics, throughput, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, average end-to-end delay, packet loss and energy consumption by varying network size, node's speed, pause time, data rate, number of source and destination pairs .

With the advance of wireless communication technologies, small-size and high-performance computing and communication devices like commercial laptops and personal digital assistants are increasingly used in daily life. After the success of second generation mobile systems, more interest was started in wireless communications. This interest has led to two types of wireless networks: infrastructure wireless network and infrastructure less wireless network, it is also called Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET). The Mobile Ad Hoc Networks are essentially suitable when infrastructure is not present or difficult or costly to setup or when network setup is to be done quickly within a short period. They are very attractive for tactical communication in the military and rescue missions like earthquake, flood, tsunami, fire and emergency operations. They are also expected to play an important role in the civilian fora such as convention centers, conferences, and electronic classrooms. The nodes in the MANET are typically powered by batteries which have limited energy reservoir. Sometimes it becomes very difficult to recharge or replace the battery of nodes; in such situation energy conservations are essential. The lifetime of the nodes show strong dependence on the lifetime of the batteries. In the MANET nodes depend on each other to relay packets. The loss of some nodes may cause significant topological changes, undermine the network operation, and affect the lifetime of the network. Hence the energy consumption becomes an important issue in MANET. The main aim of this article surveys many all most all different types of energy aware on-demand multipath routing protocols in the MANET. The previous articles surveyed only few on-demand energy aware multipath routing protocols in the MANET. Hence this article is very useful to research community of MANET. I. INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS Today, we see two kinds of wireless networks but the difference between them is not as obvious as it seems [2]. The first kind and most used today is a wireless network built on top of a " wired " network and thus creates a reliable infrastructure wireless network. The wireless nodes are able to act as bridges in a wired network is shown in fig.1. This kind of wireless nodes are called base-stations. An example of this wireless network is the cellular-phone networks where a phone connects to the base-station with the best signal quality. When the phone moves out of range of a base-station, it does a " hand-off " and switches to a new base-station within reach. The " hand-off " should be fast enough to be seamless for the user of the network. The second approach, called Ad hoc, does not rely on any stationary infrastructure. All nodes in ad hoc networks are mobile and can be connected dynamically in an arbitrary manner. Each node in such networks behaves as a router and takes part in discovery and maintenance of routes to other nodes. In the MANET every node can perform the role of host as well as router, thus nodes, which are out of transmission range, can be accessed by routing through the intermediate nodes. The network topology of MANET is always changing, as their mobile nodes are free to move around and can freely leave or join the networks shown in fig 2.

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) routing is challenged by power and bandwidth constraints as well as frequent topology changes due to which it must adapt to and converse quickly. The absence of any central coordinator and infrastructure less network make routing a complex one for MANETs. Routing protocols consider the path with the minimum number of hop counts as the efficient path for transmission of data packets to any given destination. However, it does not provide efficient power consumption and may create node failure resulting loss of data packets. If the battery of a node is drained out, then it cannot communicate with other nodes and the number of dead nodes makes the network partition. A routing protocol called Power Efficient Routing (PER) is proposed which enhances the quality of services’ issues such as Packet Delivery Ratio, End to End delay, Energy Consumption and Network Lifetime. This paper presents a scheme for efficient power routing based on residual battery capacity, transmission power, and hop count to route the data packets. A simulation study demonstrates the effectiveness of proposed scheme to provide reliable transmission than the existing AODV.

https://www.ijert.org/energy-efficient-power-aware-routing-algorithm-eepara-for-mobile-ad-hoc-network-manet https://www.ijert.org/research/energy-efficient-power-aware-routing-algorithm-eepara-for-mobile-ad-hoc-network-manet-IJERTV2IS70598.pdf Currently, one of most innovative topics in computer communications is wireless networking. One area in wireless networking is ad hoc networking. The concept of ad hoc networking is based on the fact that users can communicate with each other using a mobile wireless network, without any form of centralized administration. Mobility with potentially very large number of mobile nodes, and limited resources (like bandwidth and power) make routing in ad hoc networks extremely challenging. Routing protocols for wireless ad hoc networks have to adapt quickly to the frequent and unpredictable changes of routing topology and must minimize the generated overall network overhead. To deal with these issues a large number of different routing protocols for ad hoc networking are developed, each with their own features and characteristics. In a mobile ad hoc network, nodes are often powered by batteries. The power level of a battery is finite and limits the lifetime of a node. Every message sent and every computation performed drains the battery. One solution for power conservation in mobile ad hoc network is power awareness routing. Which select the routes with lower reluctance values, on average and with time, leads to better utilization of the energy resources of the devices in the network. This means that routing decisions made by the routing protocol should be based on the power-status of the nodes. Nodes with low batteries will be less preferably for forwarding packets than nodes with full batteries, thus increasing the life of the nodes. A routing protocol should try to minimize control traffic, such as periodic update messages to improve the lifetime of the nodes and network. However, not every routing protocol is suitable for implementing power awareness routing and different approaches on power awareness routing can be followed. Our main contribution in this paper is energy efficient routing protocol. It addresses energy aware link cost computation and route discovery. The link cost is derived based on energy aware parameters such as transmission power between the nodes, the residual battery energy of nodes, receiving power and. The routing mechanism also addresses delay forwarding to minimize broadcast storm. This energy efficient routing protocol is named Energy Efficient Power Aware Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Network. Our goal in this paper is to propose Active Communication Energy Efficient routing mechanisms and protocols, satisfying less energy consumption from the viewpoints of nodes and network and select the shortest path from source to destination such that each node remains healthy after completing the data transmission. Power Awareness Routing is implemented using NS2 software.