Innovations in epilepsy management - an overview (original) (raw)
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The clinical impact of new antiepileptic drugs after a decade of use in epilepsy
Epilepsy Research, 2002
The introduction of numerous effective, well tolerated and safe new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the last decade of the 20th century has widened the choice of treatment options in epilepsy and improved the tolerability and the ease of use of treating patients with epilepsy. Nevertheless, significant safety and efficacy deficits continue to exist. Severe idiosyncratic reactions and organ toxicity have hampered the wide use of some of the newer AEDs. As a decade before, about one third of patients with chronic epilepsy is resistant to current pharmacotherapy. Even in patients in whom pharmacotherapy is efficacious, current AED do not seem to affect the progression or the underlying natural history of epilepsy. In addition, there is currently no drug available which prevents the development of epilepsy, e.g. after head trauma. Thus, there is an unmet need for safer and more effective drugs, especially for chronic, drug-resistant epilepsy. To stimulate the development of even better compounds, the demonstrated benefits and risks of current new AEDs are reviewed.
Efficacy of new antiepileptic drugs
Epilepsy currents / American Epilepsy Society, 2011
Regarding efficacy of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for seizure control, there are three important clinical questions. How effective are new AEDs when corrected for the efficacy of placebo? And even more important: How do new AEDs fare in terms of seizure remission compared with established agents? And finally: Have patients seizure-free on new AEDs a better chance for lasting remission after withdrawal versus those withdrawing from older agents? The answers raise concerns. Although add-on therapy with marketed new AEDs is more effective than placebo, as expected, the treatment difference for becoming seizure-free is disappointingly small (6%; 95% CI: 4-8%; z = 6.47; p < 0.001). Although many, but not all, new AEDs have comparable efficacy to old standard drugs in well-controlled trials, none of the new AEDs is superior to old drugs in terms of seizure remission. So far, we have no antiepileptogenic treatments that prevent the development of epilepsy or modify its detrimental co...
Epilepsia, 2004
To assess the evidence demonstrating efficacy, tolerability, and safety of seven new antiepileptic drugs [AEDs; gabapentin (GBP), lamotrigine (LTG), topiramate (TPM), tiagabine (TGB), oxcarbazepine (OXC), levetiracetam (LEV), and zonisamide (ZNS), reviewed in the order in which these agents received approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration] in the treatment of children and adults with newly diagnosed partial and generalized epilepsies. Methods: A 23-member committee, including general neurologists, pediatric neurologists, epileptologists, and doctors in pharmacy, evaluated the available evidence based on a structured literature review including MEDLINE, Current Contents, and Cochrane Library for relevant articles from 1987 until September 2002, with selected manual searches up to 2003. Results: Evidence exists, either from comparative or dosecontrolled trials, that GBP, LTG, TPM, and OXC have efficacy as monotherapy in newly diagnosed adolescents and adults with either partial or mixed seizure disorders. Evidence also shows that LTG is effective for newly diagnosed absence seizures in children. Evidence for effectiveness of the new AEDs in newly diagnosed patients with other generalized epilepsy syndromes is lacking. Conclusions: The results of this evidence-based assessment provide guidelines for the prescription of AEDs for patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy and identify those seizure types and syndromes for which more evidence is necessary.
Antiepileptic Drugs 2012: Recent Advances and Trends
Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2012
There are now 24 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) approved for use in epilepsy in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google for all English-language articles that discuss newly approved AEDs and the use of AEDs in epilepsy in the United States from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2011. Five new agents were identified that have come onto the market within the past 2 years. Moreover, 3 trends involving AEDs have become clinically important and must be considered by all who treat patients with epilepsy. These trends include issues of generic substitution of AEDs, pharmacogenomics predicting serious adverse events in certain ethnic populations, and the issue of the suicide risk involving the entire class of AEDs. This article discusses the most recent AEDs approved for use in the United States and the 3 important trends shaping the modern medical management of epilepsy.
Epilepsy: the next generation drugs (a review)
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2019
Epilepsy is a disease characterized by spontaneous recurrence of unprovoked seizures. Seizures and epilepsy are different disorders, and the terms should not be used interchangeably. It is not accurate to refer to seizures as epilepsy, although “seizure disorder” refers to epilepsy. Seizures are common and are treated in all branches of medicine. Approximately 10% of the population will have one or more seizures during their lifetime. Seizures are symptoms that occur in acute illness, i.e., provoked seizures, or in epilepsy, ie, unprovoked seizures. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are pharmacologic agents used to reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures. “Antiepileptic” drug is a misnomer, because these drugs are effective as symptomatic treatment of seizures, i.e., the symptoms of epilepsy, not as treatment of epilepsy itself. Recent discoveries in molecular biology and genetics have elucidated a genetic basis for some epilepsy syndromes, which will lead to new treatments. This review...
Pediatric annals, 2015
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition that affects approximately 1% of the general population. In addition, about 10% of the population experiences a seizure sometime during life. The treatment options for epilepsy have come a long way from the bromides to the current era in which we now have multiple treatment modalities, including medications, implantable devices, and surgery. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay for treatment of epilepsy with about 70% of children achieving good control with medications alone. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of multiple AEDs-with more than 24 AEDs to choose from presently. The newer drugs provide us with novel mechanisms of action and improved safety profile. This expanded choice of AEDs has made it possible to offer tailored-treatment plans based on unique patient profiles. However, such an ever-increasing choice of medications also poses a challenge for the treating physician as far as choosing the initial drug is conce...