Postexercise hypotension and hemodynamics: the role of exercise intensity (original) (raw)
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Postexercise hypotension after continuous, aerobic interval, and sprint interval exercise
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2015
We examined the effects of 3 exercise bouts, differing markedly in intensity, on postexercise hypotension (PEH). Eleven young adults (age: 24.6 6 3.7 years) completed 4 randomly assigned experimental conditions: (a) control, (b) 30-minute steady-state exercise (SSE) at 75-80% maximum heart rate (HRmax), (4) aerobic interval exercise (AIE): four 4-minute bouts at 90-95% HRmax, separated by 3 minutes of active recovery, and (d) sprint interval exercise (SIE): six 30-second Wingate sprints, separated by 4 minutes of active recovery. Exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before exercise and every 15-minute postexercise for 3 hours. Linear mixed models were used to compare BP between trials. During the 3-hour postexercise, systolic BP (SBP) was lower (p , 0.001) after AIE (118 6 10 mm Hg), SSE (121 6 10 mm Hg), and SIE (121 6 11 mm Hg) compared with control (124 6 8 mm Hg). Diastolic BP (DBP) was also lower (p , 0.001) after AIE (66 6 7 mm Hg), SSE (69 6 6 mm Hg), and SIE (68 6 8 mm Hg) compared with control (71 6 7 mm Hg). Only AIE resulted in sustained (.2 hours) PEH, with SBP (120 6 9 mm Hg) and DBP (68 6 7 mm Hg) during the third-hour postexercise being lower (p # 0.05) than control (124 6 8 and 70 6 7 mm Hg). Although all exercise bouts produced similar reductions in BP at 1-hour postexercise, the duration of PEH was greatest after AIE.
Postexercise hypotension after maximal short-term incremental exercise depends on exercise modality
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2015
This study investigated postexercise hypotension (PEH) after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) performed using different exercise modalities. Twenty healthy men (aged 23 ± 3 years) performed 3 maximal CPETs (cycling, walking, and running), separated by 72 h in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), autonomic function (spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate variability (HRV)), and energy expenditure (EE) were assessed during a 60-min nonexercise control session and for 60 min immediately after each CPET. Total exercise volume (EE during CPET plus 60 min recovery) was significantly higher in running versus cycling and walking CPETs (P ≤ 0.001). Compared with control, only SBP after running CPET was significantly reduced (⌬ = −6 ± 8 mm Hg; P < 0.001). Heart rate and cardiac output were significantly increased (P < 0.001) and SVR significantly decreased (P < 0.001) postexercise. BRS and HRV decreased after all CPETs (P < 0.001), whereas sympatho-vagal balance (low-and high-frequency (LF:HF) ratio) increased significantly after all exercise conditions, especially after running CPET (P < 0.001). Changes in SVR, BRS, sympathetic activity (low-frequency component of HRV), and LF:HF ratio were negatively correlated to variations in SBP (range −0.69 to −0.91; P < 0.001) and DBP (range −0.58 to −0.93; P ≤ 0.002). These findings suggest that exercise mode or the total exercise volume are major determinants of PEH magnitude in healthy men. Because of the running CPET, the PEH was primarily related to a decrease in SVR and to an increase in sympatho-vagal balance, which might be a reflex response to peripheral vasodilatation after exercise.
Post-exercise hypotension following different resistance exercise protocols
Sport Sciences for Health, 2021
To investigate the hemodynamic responses, especially HPE following different resistance exercises RE protocols in young adult subjects. Eighty-nine men (28.0 ± 3.4 years, 82.0 ± 5.4 kg, and 26.4 ± 2.1 kg/m2) participated in the present study and were randomly allocated into six groups as follows: (a) control group (n = 12), (b) circuit group (n = 19), (c) 50% Group (n = 12), (d) 70% Group (n = 14), (e) 80% Group (n = 13), and (f) 90% Group (n = 19). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured in 7 different times: rest, 1, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min after the RE section. Results were considered significant at P < 0.05. Different RE protocols with the same total volume elicit different hemodynamic responses. Interestingly, all groups, except for the 90% group presented systolic blood pressure (SBP) SBP area under the curve to be significantly lower than control. In addition, all RE groups, except for the 90% group, elicited a reduction of SBP from 60 to 120 min after exercise compared with pre-exercise values. Our findings suggest RE as an optimal tool for the control of blood pressure (BP), as it promotes a post-exercise hypotension. In addition, different protocols of RE lead to different BP response.
European journal of applied physiology, 2015
An acute reduction in blood pressure observed after a single bout of exercise is termed post-exercise hypotension (PEH). In contrast to moderate intensity aerobic exercise, little is known about the PEH response following high-intensity interval exercise. The present purpose is to assess how sex and training status impact PEH following high-intensity interval exercise. Cardiac volumes and function via echocardiography were measured in 40 normotensive, endurance-trained (ET) and normally active (NA) men and women (Age ± SD = 30.5 ± 5.7) following high-intensity interval cycle exercise. Continuous measurements of ECG and beat-by-beat blood pressure were collected before and 30 min post-exercise for determination of cardiovagal baroreflex function (BRS and αLF), spectral analysis of heart rate and systolic blood pressure (SBP LF). Post-exercise systolic BP was significantly reduced from baseline, occurring to a greater degree in ET compared with NA (-12.9 vs. -5.3 mmHg, P = 0.008), whi...
The effect of exercise intensity on post resistance exercise hypotension in trained men
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2013
This document is the author's post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it. CURVE is the Institutional Repository for Coventry University http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open The effect of exercise intensity on post resistance exercise hypotension in trained men.
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2014
To compare post-resistance exercise hypotension (PREH) and its mechanisms in normotensive and hypertensive individuals, 14 normotensives and 12 hypertensives underwent two experimental sessions: control (rest) and exercise (seven exercises, three sets, 50% of one repetition maximum). Hemodynamic and autonomic clinic measurements were taken before (Pre) and at two moments post-interventions (Post 1: between 30 and 60 min; Post 2: after 7 h). Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) was monitored for 24 h. At Post 1, exercise decreased systolic BP similarly in normotensives and hypertensives (-8 ± 2 vs -13 ± 2 mmHg, P > 0.05), whereas diastolic BP decreased more in hypertensives (-4 ± 1 vs -9 ± 1 mmHg, P < 0.05). Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance did not change in normotensives and hypertensives (0.0 ± 0.3 vs 0.0 ± 0.3 L/min; -1 ± 1 vs -2 ± 2 U, P > 0.05). After exercise, heart rate (+13 ± 3 vs +13 ± 2 bpm) and its variability (low- to high-frequency components ratio, 1.9...
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2015
High-intensity resistance exercise promotes postexercise hypotension greater than moderate intensity and affects cardiac autonomic responses in women who are hypertensive. J Strength Cond Res 29(12): 3486-3493, 2015-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity resistance exercise (RE) sessions on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac autonomic modulation, and forearm blood flow (FBF). Sixteen trained hypertensive women (n = 16, 56 6 3 years) completed the following 3 experimental sessions: control (CS), RE at 50% (EX50%), and RE at 80% (EX80%) of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Both EX50% and EX80% comprised a set of 10 repetitions of 10 exercises, with an interval of 90 seconds between exercises. Measurements were taken preintervention and postintervention (at 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 minutes of recovery). Reductions in systolic/diastolic BP after exercise were greater in EX80% (largest declines, 229 6 4/214 6 5 mm Hg) than EX50% (largest declines, 218 6 6/28 6 5 mm Hg, p # 0.05). Heart rate and cardiac sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) increased more in relation to pre-exercise values in EX80% than EX50% (largest increases 96 6 3 vs. 90 6 4 b$min 21 , LF/HF = 1.77 6 0.25 vs. 1.40 6 0.20, respectively, p # 0.05). Increases in FBF and hyperemia was also higher in EX80% than EX50% compared with pre-exercise (4.97 6 0.28 vs. 4.36 6 0.27 ml$min 21 100ml21and5.9060.20vs.5.3860.25ml100 ml 21 and 5.90 6 0.20 vs. 5.38 6 0.25 ml100ml21and5.9060.20vs.5.3860.25mlmin 21 $100 ml 21 ; p # 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that RE of higher intensity promoted greater postexercise hypotension accompanied by greater increases in FBF, vasodilator response, HR, and cardiac sympathovagal balance.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of high-intensity resistance exercise on postexercise hypotension (PEH) and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) in the hypertensive elderly. Methodology: The study was conducted with ten hypertensive elderly individuals (65 AE 3 years, 28Á7 AE 3 kg m À2 ). They were subjected to three experimental sessions: control session (SC), exercise 50% (S50%) and 80% (S80%) of 1RM. For each session, subjects were evaluated pre-and postintervention. In the preintervention, the blood pressure (BP) and FVR were measured after 10 min of rest. Thereafter, they were taken to the gym to perform the exercise sessions or remained at rest in each of the equipment during the same time. Both S50% and S80% were composed of a set of ten repetitions of ten exercises, with an interval of 90 s between exercises. Subsequently, the FVR and BP measurements were again performed at 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 min of recovery (postintervention). Results: The PEH was greater in S80% compared with S50%, with the lower value of BP being found at 90 min of recovery for the two sessions (systolic BP: 115 AE 3,0 mmHg versus 124 AE 5 mmHg; diastolic BP: 75 AE 5 mmHg versus 86 AE 3 mmHg and mean BP: 87 AE 3 mmHg versus 95 AE 4 mmHg, respectively). Concomitantly, the FVR also decreased significantly in both sessions, this reduction being more evident in S80% (P<0Á05). Conclusion: High-intensity resistance exercise was effective in promoting PEH, this phenomenon being accompanied by a reduction in FVR within the first minute of recovery in the hypertensive elderly.
Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2015
Among all nonpharmacological treatments, aerobic or resistance training (RT) has been indicated as a significantly important strategy to control hypertension. However, postexercise hypotension responses after intensity alterations in RT are not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of differing intensities of RT on hypertensive older women. Twenty hypertensive older women participated voluntarily in this study. After a maximum voluntary contraction test (one repetition maximum) and determination of 40% and 80% experimental loads, the protocol (3 sets/90″ interset rest) was performed in a single session with the following exercises: leg press, leg extension, leg curl, chest press, elbow flexion, elbow extension, upper back row, and abdominal flexion. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were evaluated at rest, during exercise peak, and after 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes of exercise and compared to the control. Both experimental loads were effective (P,0.01) in promoting postexercise systolic hypotension (mmHg) compared to controls, after 30, 45, and 60 minutes, respectively, at 40% (113±2, 112±4, and 110±3 mmHg) and 80% (111±3, 111±4, and 110±4 mmHg). Both procedures promoted hypotension with similar systolic blood pressures (40%: −11%±1.0% and 80%: −13%±0.5%), mean arterial blood pressures (40%: −12%±5.5% and 80%: −12%±3.4%), and rate-pressure products (40%: −15%±2.1% and 80%: −17%±2.4%) compared to control measures (systolic blood pressure: 1%±1%, mean arterial blood pressure: 0.6%±1.5%, rate-pressure product: 0.33%±1.1%). No differences were found in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate measures. In conclusion, hypertensive older women exhibit postexercise hypotension independently of exercise intensity without expressed cardiovascular overload during the session.