Modelling of aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection through 3D printing (original) (raw)
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Effectiveness of 3D printed models in the treatment of complex aortic diseases
The Journal of cardiovascular surgery, 2018
The treatment of complex aortic diseases has known in the last years an extraordinary improvement, thanks to the development of new devices and techniques, especially concerning endovascular surgery. In this field, technological evolution has enabled vascular surgeons to overcome anatomical concerns and impairments that in the past made endovascular treatment unfeasible in many cases. However, the full exploitation of the devices offered by medical industry requires more and more powerful and accurate tools for case-by-case analysis and pre- operative planning. Beside traditional imaging techniques, such as computed tomographic angiography (CTA), and virtual 3D reconstructions, an increasing interest towards 3D printing has been reported in the latest years. The purpose of this paper is to assess the actual value of this technology by reporting its use in 25 cases of complex aortic surgery. For each patient, we have 3D printed a pre-operative life-sized model of the vascular aortic ...
Applied Sciences
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is a life-saving therapy for type B aortic dissection (TBAD). However, surveillance computed tomography (CT) scans in post-TEVAR patients are associated with high radiation dose, thus resulting in potential risk of radiation-induced malignancy. In this study, we developed a patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) printed phantom with stent grafts in situ, then scanned the phantom with different CT protocols to determine the optimal scanning parameters for post-treatment patients. The CT scans were conducted with different kVp and pitch values (80, 100, 120 kVp and pitch of 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5), resulting in a total of 12 datasets. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was measured to determine and compare the image quality between different datasets. Results showed no significant differences in SNR between different kVp when the pitch value was 1.2. At low pitch values, a decrease in kVp from 120 to 80 led to a significant effective dose reduction by...
World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, 2016
Three dimensional printing (3D printing) technology is increasingly used to improve results in many areas of medicine. Physical models produced by this technology allow better appreciation of complex anatomical and pathologic conditions. In cardiovascular medicine and surgery, 3D modeling has been reported to be of help in treatment planning of abdominal aortic aneurysm, especially in cases of complex angulations and branching at the aneurysm neck. Here we report the use of 3D printing in cases of renal aneurysms. Enhanced 3D models of CTA images of renal aneurysms were prepared in house using common and freely available software programs, and an accurate desktop 3D printer. Eight reconstructed models were enlarged by a factor of 2 or more and then differentially painted to delineate normal arteries and aneurysmatic ones. These enhanced 3D solid models allowed visual and tactile inspection for a better appreciation of complex aneurysms. Color enhancement of these models added another dimension of comprehension, even for experienced surgeons and invasive radiologists, and allowed more accurate measurements of branch numbers, distances, and angles in space even with severe tortuosity. Endovascular use of covered stents and embolization techniques could be easily envisioned preoperatively. We conclude that enhanced, enlarged, and colored 3D printed models are a powerful tool for preoperative endovascular treatment planning of complex renal artery aneurysms.
Functional 3D printed patient-specific modeling of severe aortic stenosis
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2014
Computed tomography (CT) provides high-resolution images of the aortic valve with clear localization of calcium deposition. Three-dimensional (3D) stereolithographic printing can be used to convert these data into a physical model (1,2). We hypothesized that patient-specific, multimaterial, 3D printed models REPLY: Is it Time to Launch
3D Printed Models of Complex Anatomy in Cardiovascular Disease
Heart Research - Open Journal, 2015
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has undergone rapid developments over the last decades. The application of 3D printing has reached beyond the engineering field to medicine, with research showing many applications in cardiovascular disease. Due to the complexity of the cardiovascular system, application of 3D printing technology has shown potential value to benefit patients with cardiovascular disease. This mini-review provides an overview of applications of 3D printing in cardiovascular disease, with evidence of some of examples using patient-specific 3D printed models in the two common cardiovascular diseases, aortic dissection and abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Direct and virtual measurements of abdominal aortic aneurysms: three-dimensional printed models
Radiologia Brasileira, 2021
Objective To validate the use of a three-dimensional printing system for metric and volumetric analysis of the segments of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Materials and Methods In patients scheduled to undergo endovascular AAA repair, the computed tomography angiography (CTA) measurements obtained during the preoperative assessment of the patients were compared with those obtained by computed tomography of individualized three-dimensional biomodels. Results The volumetric assessment showed a discrepancy of 3-12%, and the difference between the areas was 10-16%. Conclusion Computed tomography measurements of 3D-printed biomodels of AAAs appear to be comparable to those of threedimensional CTA measurements of the same AAAs, in terms of the metric and volumetric dimensions.
Background: There is a potential for direct model manufacturing of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) using 3D printing technique for generating flexible semi-transparent prototypes. A patient-specific AAA model was manufactured using fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology. A flexible, semi-transparent thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), called Cheetah Water (produced by Ninjatek, USA), was used as the flexible, transparent material for model manufacture with a hydrophilic support structure 3D printed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Printing parameters were investigated to evaluate their effect on 3D–printing precision and transparency of the final model. ISO standard tear resistance tests were carried out on Ninjatek Cheetah specimens for a comparison of tear strength with silicone rubbers.
3D printing from cardiovascular CT: a practical guide and review
Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy, 2017
Current cardiovascular imaging techniques allow anatomical relationships and pathological conditions to be captured in three dimensions. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or rapid prototyping, has also become readily available and made it possible to transform virtual reconstructions into physical 3D models. This technology has been utilised to demonstrate cardiovascular anatomy and disease in clinical, research and educational settings. In particular, 3D models have been generated from cardiovascular computed tomography (CT) imaging data for purposes such as surgical planning and teaching. This review summarises applications, limitations and practical steps required to create a 3D printed model from cardiovascular CT.
Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery, 2021
Background: Advances in 3D printing technology allow us to continually find new medical applications. One of them is 3D printing of aortic templates to guide vascular surgeons or interventional radiologists to create fenestrations in the stent-graft surface for the implantation procedure called fenestrated endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. It is believed that the use of 3D printing significantly improves the quality of modified fenestrated stent-grafts. However, the accuracy and reliability of personalized 3D printed models of aortic templates are not well established. Methods: Thirteen 3D printed templates of the visceral aorta and sixteen of the aortic arch and their corresponding computer tomography of angiography images were included in this accuracy study. The 3D models were scanned in the same conditions on computed tomography (CT) and evaluated by three physicians experienced in vascular CT assessment. Model and patient CT measurements were performed at key landmarks to maintain quality for stent-graft modification, including side branches and aortic diameters. CT-scanned aortic templates were segmented, aligned with sourced patient data, and evaluated for the Hausdorff matrix. Next, Bland-Altman plots determined the degree of agreement. Results: The Intraclass Correlation Coefficients values were more than 0.9 for all measurements of aortic diameters and aortic branches diameter in all landmark locations. Therefore, the reliability of the aortic templates was considered excellent. The Bland-Altman plots analysis indicated measurement biases of 0.05 to 0.47 for aortic arch templates and 0.06 to 0.38 for reno-visceral aortic templates. The arithmetic mean of Hausdorff's mean distances of the aortic arch templates was 0.47 mm (SD =0.06) and ranged from 0.34 to 0.58. The mean metrics for abdominal models was 0.24 mm (SD =0.03) and ranged from 0.21 to 0.31. Conclusions: The printed models of 3D aortic templates are accurate and reliable, thus can be widely used in endovascular surgery and interventional radiology departments as aortic templates to guide the physicianmodified fenestrated stent-graft fabrication.