Phytochemical Analysis of Traditional Medicinal Plants and their Antimicrobial Activity: An Experience from North East India (original) (raw)
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Antimicrobial and phytochemical analysis of some indigenous plants
World Researchers Associations, 2019
The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of the Calotropis procera, Datura metel, Cuscuta reflexa, Pongamia pinnata and Nerium oleander has been studied against the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureuginosa, Klebsiella pneumoiniae, Paenibacillus and Bacilus subtilis. Significant antibacterial activity was observed with extract of ethanol, methanol and chloroform. The ethanol extract of D. metel showed maximum antibacterial activity against the all tested bacteria except the P. aureuginosa. Aqueous extract showed no measurable antibacterial activity. Inhibition was seen as concentration dependent phenomenon. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, phenol and saponin.
Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Selected Indian Folk Medicinal Plants
steroids
The success of chemotherapy lies in the continuous search for new drugs to counter the challenge posed by resistant strains. Methanol extracts of six plant species traditionally used in Indian folklore medicine for the treatment of various bacterial and fungal infections were investigated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by disc diffusion method. Methanol extracts of Eugenia jambolana and Cassia auriculata showed the highest toxicity against all the bacteria. The plant extracts showed antibacterial activity but not antifungal activity against any of the fungi used. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay were determined for these two extracts against bacteria. E. jambolana revealed the highest antimicrobial activity at a minimum concentration (0.75 mg/ml) against S. aureus. The phytochemical analysis carried out revealed the presence of coumarins, flavanoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, saponins and steroids. Alkaloids were not detected from any of the plant extracts under study. The results provide justification for the use of the plants in folk medicine to treat various infectious diseases.
The antibacterial activity of various solvent extracts of medicinal plants was evaluated against the human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus by agar cup diffusion method. Methanol extracts of Clerodendrum inerme L., Terminalia chebula Retz., Curcuma amada Roxb., Anacardium occidentale L., Duranta repens L., Eucalyptus camaldulenis Dehnh and Euphorbia cotinifolia L. showed significant activity. The petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of Terminalia chebula, Curcuma amada and Piper betel also showed promising results. The antibacterial activity of promising plant extracts when compared with standard drugs streptomycin and gentamycin recorded siginificant inhibition. Phytochemical analysis of the different extracts of the screened plants indicated the presence of flavanoids, terpinoids, tannins steriodas, alkaloids and glysocides. The positive results of screening of medicinal plants for antibacterial activity forms primary platform for further phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES OF THREE TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
Objective: The objective of the current study was to compare the phytochemical composition and to evaluate the antibacterial properties of Cissus qudrangularis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Trigonella foenum-graecum against the bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Bacillus circulans. Methods: Qualitative analysis and quantitative estimation of various phytochemical components were done using standard protocols. Antibacterial activity against gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Bacillus circulans was evaluated using standard protocol of agar well diffusion and disc diffusion assay. The zone of inhibition was calculated. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins and tannins in all three plant extracts. In quantitative estimation, Cinnamomum zeylanicum showed high alkaloid content (22%), Cissus qudrangularis showed high saponin content (6%) Trigonella foenum-graecum showed a high concentration (4.65 mg/g) of tannin. All the three plants showed moderate antimicrobial activity. The water extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum showed the highest zone of inhibition (13 mm) against Escherichia coli and the water extract of Trigonella foenumgraecum showed the highest zone of inhibition (11 mm) against Bacillus circulans. Conclusion: The result of this study supports the use of all the selected three medicinal plants as a source of antibacterial substance for the possible treatment of human pathogenic organisms. These plants can be further subjected to isolation of the therapeutic phytochemicals and further pharmacological evaluation.
Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 2021
Bioassays provide an authentication of the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. Antibacterial, antioxidant and phenolic content of nine medicinal plants (Achillea millefolium, Prunella vulgaris, P. laciniata, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium angustifolium, E. hirsutum, Pedicularis comosa, Agrimonia eupatoria and Verbena officinalis) were investigated in connection with folkloric usages. Aerial parts of nine plant species were extracted with water and methanol (MeOH). Disc diffusion method was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extracts against ten pathogenic bacteria. Antioxidant activity was determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical photometric assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were investigated by using Folin-Ciocaltaeu and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method, respectively. Quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents of nine plants species were performed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array dete...
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Various Indigenous Plant Species
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering TechnologyInternational Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 2021
Plants in the nature constitute various unidentified and excellent properties that can be used for various different purposes including creation of new drugs and therapies. The methanol extract of six medicinal plants i.e., Azadirachta indica (Neem) Calotropis procera (Aakh), Saraca asoca (Ashok), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. Ocimum tenuiflorum(Tulsi) and Asparagus racemosus(Shatavari) leaf extract showed highest antimicrobial activity against E.coli and A.niger. The invitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion method. The use of plant extracts with known antimicrobial properties, can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments. The study also prove that several plant extracts can be useful in preservation of food articles and constitution of several food preservatives. The presence of phytochemicals is medicinally important for formulation of many therapeutic drugs.
Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 12 [1] December 2022 : 56-61, 2022
The present study was aimed to determine phytochemial constituents of the leaf of four medicinally important plants. Ficus hirta Vahl., Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., Clerodendrum infortunatum L., and Dillenia indica L. Further, their antibacterial activity was studied against two pathogenic bacteria viz. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro antibacterial activity of aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the four medicinal plants were evaluated against the bacteria was determined by agar disc diffusion method. The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed better antibacterial activity compared to the aqueous extract against the tested bacterial strains. Amongst the plant species screened extract of Clerodendrum viscosum showed best antimicrobial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of active compounds such as sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, glycosides, saponins, proteins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and amino acids was observed in various solvents of Clerodendrum colebrookianum and Clerodendrum infortunatum. These medicinal plants with huge reservoir of important phytochemical compounds can be applied as an important source for drug development and other pharmaceutical applications.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of three medicinal plants of South India
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 2011
The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude methanolic extracts of Memecylon malabaricum Clarke. (leaves), Cochlospermum religiosum Linn. (leaves and flowers) and Andrographis serpyllifolia Vahl. (leaves) using the standard disc diffusion assay against eight strains of bacterial species, viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum, Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus sp. The extracts of the plants at a concentration of 1.25 mg/disc showed minimum to moderate activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria indicating a broad spectrum activity. A preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted on the selected plant extracts using standard qualitative procedures that revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites. The extracts failed to show antioxidant activity by reducing power assay. The result indicates the potential usefulness of these plants especially Memecylon malabaricum and Cochlospermum religiosum, in treating microbial infections in humans and plants and justifies the need for further investigations and characterization of the bioactive compounds present in the methanolic extracts of the plants.
In vitro antimicrobial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of some plant extracts
AkiNik, 2020
Antimicrobial activity of five solvent extracts of local plants was evaluated in vitro, with four strains of bacteria viz., Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri (gram-ve), Staphylococcus aureus (gram +ve) and four strains of fungi viz., Alternaria alternata, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum microorganism. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested by agar disc diffusion method. The most active antibacterial plants were Vitex negundo, Tagetes erecta and antifungal plants were Xanthium strumarium, Vitex negundo and Tagetes erecta, respectively. The significant antimicrobial activities of potent extracts were compared with the standard antimicrobiotics, Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole for bacteria as well as fungi respectively at 1 mg/ml concentration. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of V. negundo leaf, X. strumarium, M. pruriens, C. bonduc seed and T. erecta flower extracts generally revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Steroids, Terpenoids, Phenols, Saponins, Anthraquinones, Amino acids, Carotenoids, Flavonoids and Tannins at various concentrations. The results obtained in this study suggest that X. strumarium, V. negundo, T. erecta can be used in treating diseases caused by these test organisms.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Studies of Some Medicinal Plants
The extract of many plants used in traditional medicine contain a wide range of curative agents that are used in many modern medicines. In the present study phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial activities of the n-butanolic extracts of Terminalia arjuna, Cleome viscosa and Leucas aspera having ethnomedicinal uses collected from the Kadapa district were tested. The phytochemical studies of the extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides in all plants. The extracts were subjected for screening of in vitro antibacterial activity against selected major human pathogenic bacterial strains like Bacillus substilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method. The results of antibacterial activity revealed that all the extracts showed excellent inhibitory activity against all the tested pathogens and the Cleome viscosa extract showed comparatively better activity than the other extracts.