The effects of adding epinephrine or xylazine to lidocaine solution for lumbosacral epidural analgesia in fat-tailed sheep (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A-physiology Pathology Clinical Medicine, 1998
The effects of total intravenous anaesthesia using diazepam-ketamine (D-K) mixture in combination with epidural lidocaine or xylazine were studied in 17 healthy Iranian fat-tailed sheep undergoing hindlimb orthopaedic surgery. All sheep were given diazepam (0.4 mg/kg) and ketamine (4 mg/kg) as induction agents. Following endotracheal intubation and administration of oxygen, the animal received lidocaine (2 Yo, 0.2 d k g = 4 mg/kg) or xylazine (0.08 mg/kg, diluted in 0.9 % NaCl to a volume of 0.2 ml/kg) epidurally. Anaesthesia was maintained for 174.2 & 7.8 minutes by intermittent injection of D-K (2.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml, respectively). This drug combination provided satisfactory anaesthesia for more than 2.5 hours. The quality of recovery was good. Our results demonstrate that the combination of total intravenous anaesthesia (D-K) and epidural analgesia (lidocaine or xylazine) provides a suitable technique for hindlimb orthopaedic surgery in sheep. Epidural administration of lidocaine or xylazine provided effective analgesia and significantly decreased the dose of D-K required to maintain anaesthesia. Further Studies would be required to determine details of cardiopulmonary effects of D-K infusion.
Caudal epidural analgesia in sheep by using lignocaine hydrochloride and bupivacaine hydrochloride
Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2008
The present investigation was conducted to find out the effect of different analgesic drugs in sheep. A series of 30 analgesic trials (caudal epidural analgesia) were conducted in sheep with 2% lignocaine hydrochloride (LH), 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline (LHA) and 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride (BH) in Veterinary Clinic, BAU, Mymensingh during January to April 2007. Analgesic injection was administered into low epidural space in 3 groups (A, B and C), each consisting of 10 apparently healthy sheep aged between 1 and 1.5 years. Effects of analgesic drugs on heart rate, respiration rate and rectal temperature were monitored. Heart rates significantly decreased but respiration rates decreased nonsignificantly and rectal temperature non significantly increased during low epidural analgesia with 0.5% BH. Heart rates and respiration rates increased significantly when 2% LH and 2% LHA were used. LH (2%) showed rapid spreading and was also free from any side effect. Duration of analgesia was prolonged with 2% LH compared to other analgesic drugs. Peak point of analgesia was more with 2% LHA as compare to other analgesic drugs. There was no significant difference between 0.5% BH and 2% LHA in terms of their analgesic effect. Drowsiness, tympany and shivering were observed when 0.5% BH was used. It appears from the present study that 2% LH was more effective in low epidural analgesia.
2016
The objective of the research was to determine the onset, duration, analgesic, ataxic after doing lumbosacral epidural injection with bupivacaine, lidocaine or xylazine as an analgestic drug. Twelve adult crossbreed native cattle were assigned in three groups as a randomized, Completely Randomized Design. 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride (0.025 mg/kg) in group 1, 2% lidocaine hydrochloride without epinephrine (0.22 mg/kg) in group 2, 2% xylazine hydrochloride (0.05 mg/kg) in group 3, the cattle got the each drug by lumbosacral epidural injection at L6-S1 area with 0.5 ml/second on speed. The results of the onset time (bupivacaine = 5.5 ± 0.43 minutes, lidocaine = 5.75 ± 0.89 minutes, xylazine = 7.75 ± 1.43 minutes) were not significantly different in all analgesic drugs (p>0.05). The duration of the analgesic drugs also were not significantly different (p>0.05) : bupivacaine = 93.75 ± 31.09 minutes, lidocaine = 72.50 ± 9.76 minutes, xylazine = 169.0 ± 35.81 minutes. The paramete...
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of epidural injection of lidocaine alone and lidocaine plus neostigmine for perineal analgesia in buffalo. Caudal epidural analgesia was performed in ten water buffalo calves at the sacrococcygeal extradural space. It was produced in all calves by 2% lidocaine alone (LA) (0.22 mg/kg) and with 2 weeks intervals, repeated by a combination of lidocaine– neostigmine (LN) (0.22 mg/kg and 10 µg/kg respectively). Analgesia was tested using deep pin prick stimuli. The time of onset and duration of analgesia, ataxia, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and rectal temperature (RT) were compared among the two treatments. These parameters were determined before drug administration (baseline 0), at 10 minute intervals thereafter. haemato-biochemical parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV%), total leukocyte count (TLC), total erythrocytes count (TEC), alanine aminotrans-ferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood glucose were determined. Both treatments resulted in complete analgesia of the tail, perineum, and the upper parts of the hind limbs. The onset of analgesia was faster, but not significant in LN group compared with LA group. The duration of epidural analgesia was significantly longer in LN group than in the LA group. Both treatments produced mild or moderate motor block. There was no significant alteration in HR, RR, and RT in both treatments. The haematological parameters decreased in all the groups. The biochemical parameters like ALT, ALP, BUN and glucose increased in all the animals. All haemato-biochemical parameters return to baseline levels at 24h. No adverse effects were observed in any of the buffaloe calves. In conclusion, the combination of LN produced analgesia of longer duration than LA. This combination would appear to be recommended for single-dose epidural administration in buffalo calves undergoing long surgical procedures in the perineal region.
Epidural Analgesia in Sheep and Goats: A Review of Recent Literature
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, 2016
This study was carried out to review the current literature concerning recent advances in the techniques, drugs and drug combinations used to induce epidural analgesia in sheep and goats. Data bases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar were searched using key words such as small ruminant anesthesia, local anesthesia in ruminants, and epidural analgesia in sheep and goats to retrieve recently published articles in this subject. Only articles published between 2007 and 2016 were considered. Relevant references in the bibliographies of included articles were also retrieved for review. A total of 14 research papers (7 in sheep and 7 in goats) published in refereed journals between 2007 and 2016 were reviewed. The lumbosacral space was used in 9 and the first intercoccygeal space was used in one article. The most common drugs used to induce epidural analgesia in sheep and goats were 2% lidocaine with and without epinephrine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, magnesium sulphate, xylazine, ketam...
Comparison of tramadol, lidocaine and tramadol-lidocaine combination for epidural analgesia in goats
ARTICLE INFO The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effect of tramadol, lidocaine and tramadol-lidocaine combination injected in the epidural space in goats. Nine goats were used to compare the epidural analgesic effect of tramadol (3 mg / kg), 2% lidocaine (2.86 mg/kg) and tramadol-lidocaine combination (1 mg /kg and 2.46 mg kg, resp.). Onset time, duration, and degree of analgesia and ataxia were recorded as well as Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), and biochemical parameters were recorded. Time to onset and duration of analgesia, were tramadol 10 min and 225 min; lidocaine 4 min and 85 min and tramadol-lidocaine 4 min and 130 min respectively. Onset time and duration were significantly longer with tramadol and tramadol-lidocaine combination than the other treatment. Ataxia was not observed in tramadol and mildly observed in tramadol-lidocaine combination and was severing in lidocaine. Tramadol and tramadol-lidocaine combination might be clinically useful to provide analgesia in goats for long-duration surgical procedures than lidocaine alone.
Veterinary World, 2011
The present study was conducted to evaluate the clinico-physiological effects of epidural anaesthesia using lignocaine alone and in combination with ketamine in cow calves. Eight clinically healthy nondescript , stall-fed male cow calves aged 7 to 8 months and weighing 55 to 65 kg were used in the study. Animals were divided in two groups of four animals each. In (group A) lignocaine @ 0.5mg/kg body wt. and in (group B) lignocaine @ 0.5mg/kg body wt with ketamine @ 2 mg/kg body wt. was administered at first inter coccygeal epidural space. Clinical observations such as, onset, depth of analgesia, area of desensitization, motor incoordination, salivation, heart-rate, respiration rate and rectal temperature O (F) were recorded before and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150,180 and 240 minutes after injection of drug(s). Ruminal movements were recorded at every 30 minutes after the injection of drug(s) upto complete recovery and 24 hours after the injection. The onset of analgesia in group B was significantly shorter as compared to group A. Group B animals induced deeper analgesia as compared to group A. In group A animals decrease in heart rate was recorded whereas in group B animals heart rate was increased. In group A, decrease in RR was observed.
Evaluation of Lidocaine/Ropivacaine Combination for Epidural Anesthesia in Goats
Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2022
This study evaluated lidocaine/ropivacaine combination for epidural anesthesia by comparing the anesthetic indices and physiologic changes associated with epidural administration of lidocaine, ropivacaine and lidocaine-ropivacaine combination in goats. Using a prospective crossover study design, four male adult West African Dwarf goats received epidural injections of lidocaine (2 mg kg-1), ropivacaine (1 mg kg-1) and lidocaine-ropivacaine (1 mg kg-1 ; 0.5 mg kg-1) at two-week treatment intervals for drug wash out. Onset of analgesia was significantly longer (p ˂ 0.05) with lidocaineropivacaine (6.25 ± 2.22 minutes) than with ropivacaine (3.50 ±1.73 minutes) and lidocaine (3.00 ± 1.63 minutes). Duration of analgesia was significantly (p ˂ 0.05) longer with lidocaine-ropivacaine (168.50 ± 45.53 minutes) than with lidocaine (98.00 ± 26.65 minutes) but significantly shorter (p ˂ 0.05) than with ropivacaine (229.25 ± 33.54 minutes). Respective values for duration of recumbency and time to standing were intermediate with lidocaine-ropivacaine (137.00 ± 57.87; 200.50 ± 37.17minutes); longest with ropivacaine (167.00 ± 55.94; 281.25 ± 23.77 minutes) and shortest with lidocaine (80.75 ± 28.27; 130.50 ± 24.72 minutes) (p≤0.05). There were no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in physiological parameters temperature, heart and respiratory rates of goats following the three treatments. Epidural ropivacaine appears the best for long surgical procedures. The lidocaine-ropivacaine combination will be useful for procedures of moderate duration where a longer duration of analgesia than that produced by lidocaine alone is needed or where shorter recumbency period than possible with ropivacaine alone is desirable.
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2018
Objective To evaluate and compare the analgesic effects of a combination of lidocaine and xylazine to lidocaine or xylazine administered alone for epidural anesthesia in Egyptian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Study design Prospective, randomized, 'blinded', cross-over experimental study. Animals A total of 12 female Egyptian water buffalo. Methods Buffalo were randomly assigned to one of three epidural treatments administered through the sacrococcygeal joint: a local anesthetic (2% lidocaine, 0.22 mg kg-1), an alpha-2adrenergic agonist (xylazine, 0.1 mg kg-1) or a combination of both drugs in a cross-over fashion with a 14-day washout period. The total volume of each treatment was fixed at 7.0 mL by adding 0.9% NaCl. Onset, maximal effect, and duration of epidural anesthesia were recorded. Results Caudal epidural anesthesia was easily performed and all three treatments produced local anesthesia of the tail and perineal structures of standing buffalo. Onset of epidural anesthesia was faster (p <0.05) with lidocaine (3.4 ± 0.9 minutes) than with xylazine (9.1±1.1 minutes) or lidocaine-xylazine (6.4 ± 1.1 minutes). The maximal effect of epidural anesthesia was reached faster (p < 0.05) with lidocaine (5.9 ± 0.64 minutes) than xylazine (14.4 ±1.1 minutes) or lidocaine-xylazine (12.9 ± 0.64 minutes). The duration of epidural anesthesia was longer (p < 0.05) with lidocaine-xylazine (145.8 ± 3.3 minutes) than either lidocaine (118.4 ± 2.7 minutes) or xylazine (102.1 ± 3.7 minutes) administered alone. None of the treatments produced ataxia. Conclusion Caudal epidural anesthesia was easily performed in Egyptian water buffalo by administering either a local anesthetic, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist or a combination of
Veterinary Surgery, 1995
To determine cardiopulmonary and analgesic effects of lidocaine, alfentanil, and xylazine in pigs anesthetized with isoflurane, 18 healthy Landrace-Large White pigs were studied (six for each drug). General anesthesia was induced with isoflurane in O2 and maintained with I% to 1.2% end-tidal ISO, ensuring presence of a pain response before epidural drug administration. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressures (AP), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure, respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), minute volume (MV), arterial blood gas data, core temperature (CT), and analgesic effects (by pricking the lumbar area and the abdominal wall) were determined at various times (2, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes) after epidural administration of lidocaine ( 5 mg/kg), alfentanil (5 pg/kg), or xylazine (0.2 mg/kg), all diluted in NaCl 0.9% to 0.5 mL/kg. Statistical analysis included two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures and the least significant difference test for determining differences among means. A probability level of P < .05 was used.