Factors Related to Delayed Presentation of Cervical Cancer among Adult Females at Apeksha Hospital, Sri Lanka (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancers among women worldwide after breast cancer. It is the only cancer in which early diagnosis of precancerous lesions can be done by a very simple and sensitive test that is, paps test. Knowledge of the women about cervical cancer risk factors and awareness about its screening are the key factors that may decrease the mortality and morbidity caused by cancer cervix. Most of the cases of cervical cancer in India are diagnosed very late, because of lack of awareness about risk factors and screening methods, resulting in fatal outcome. So, this study was done to assess the knowledge of risk factors for cervical cancer, and paps smear test for its screening.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 women aged 18-55 years, attending Gynaecology Out-Patient Department (OPD) in a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow. Information about their knowledge of cervical cancer, awareness of its prevention and their socio demo...
2016
Objective: Stage at diagnosis and factors associated with late diagnosis of cervical cancer have been analyzed in this study. Materials and Methods: It is a hospital based cross sectional study carried out enrolling 246 cervical cancer patients attending outpatient department of tertiary cancer hospital of Odisha, India. The patients were interviewed and histopathological observations were recorded from investigation reports. Factors for late stage presentation were analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: 56 (21.96%) cases were presented for diagnosis at early stage (I&IIA) and 194(78.04%) at late stage (IIB and above). Late stage diagnosis was associated with higher age i.e., ≥40years (OR=2.54 95% CI=1.11-5.83), poor treatment seeking behavior (OR=2.23, 95% CI=1.001-5.23), lack of awareness (OR=1.91, 95% CI=.43-8.41), lower education level (OR=1.59, 95% CI=.73-2.45) and initial symptoms with painless bleeding/discharge (OR=7.38, 95% CI 3.22-16.89). Conclusion: In the absence of screening programme prevalence of late stage diagnosis of cervical cancer was significantly higher. This could be attributed to higher age at presentation, low education, low awareness about the disease and its symptoms and poor treatment seeking behavior. Specific health programme is suggested for women emphasizing cervical cancer screening and awareness regarding signs and symptoms of cervical cancer to enhance health seeking behavior among them.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Cervical Cancer and Screening Among Women in India: A Review
Cancer Control
Background: Cervical Cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the world leading to 90% deaths in low and middle income countries. About 96,922 new Cervical Cancer cases are diagnosed annually in India. Objective: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice on Cervical Cancer and screening among women in India. Materials and Methods: Health sciences electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies published between 2012 to March 2020. Keywords used for the search were (“Cervical Cancer screening”), (“knowledge”),(“attitude”), (“practice”) AND (“India”). 19 articles were included in the review based on the eligibility criteria. Statistical software SPSS-V.23 was used for the statistical application. Results: 7688 women were included in the study. Age of study participants ranged from 12-65 years. Overall knowledge on Cervical Cancer among women was 40.22%. Knowledge of risk factors and signs and symptoms was fairly adequate among the women. 32.6...
International journal of current research and review, 2021
Introduction: Even though a preventable disease, cervical malignancy remains one of the common cancers among women in India. Lack of knowledge, undesirable attitudes and poor practices are culprits for the late detection of cervical cancer. Early screening and adequate knowledge about the disease remains the important safeguards against this disease. Objective: This study determines the level of knowledge, attitude and practice on cervical cancer, screening and vaccination. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on women aged 18 -65 years of age in the rural population. Participants were interviewed with the predesigned questionnaire. Results: A total of 502 women participated in the study. Maximum were in the age group of 20-40 years i.e 59.56%. 60.75% had heard about cervical cancer, 31.47% had heard about screening for cancer cervix and only 15.1% knew that cervical cancer is preventable. 79.87% agreed in favour of high importance for cervical screening. 96.81% str...
Problem considered: Cervical cancer, mainly caused by human papillomavirus infection, is one of the most frequent cancers in women in the developing world including India. The present study attempts to explore the risk factors related to symptoms of cervical cancer. Materials and methods: A total of 1319 females of age groups ranging from 14 years to 85 years were included in the present study and analyzed for symptoms and risk factors for cervical cancer. Results: The prevalence of painful micturition, white discharge per vagina, and pelvic pain in the age group 25–44 years was found to be 22.1%, 21%, and 8%, respectively, and the distribution of symptoms was statistically associated ( p < 0.05) with age. Chances of developing painful micturition were significantly related to age group 45–54 years (AOR = 2.5; 95% C.I.: 1.4–4.5), while the likelihood of developing pelvic pain was significantly related to the females of age groups of below 25 years (AOR = 8.4; 95% C.I.: 1.4–12.1) and 25–34 years (AOR = 7.9; 95% C.I.: 1.7–8.3). Pelvic pain was also independently related to the abnormal age of menarche (≤11 or ≥16 years) (AOR = 3.6; 95% C.I.: 1.6–8.5) concerning the standard age of start. Conclusions: Findings of the study indicate that there is lack of awareness about the key risk factors for cervical cancer among women that pointed out the issue of limited knowledge which may work as an obstacle in health services utilization.
Cervical cancer is a major public health problem throughout the world. It is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women in Sri Lanka. Screening is one of the most cost effective strategies for the disease control. This study aimed to identify the Factors associated with the uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening among married women in age at or above 35 years in Udagangoda Grama Niladhari Division, Rathnapura District in Sri Lanka. A descriptive cross-sectional interviewer administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 170 women. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16.0 statistical software. Statistical significance was set at í µí±< 0.05. Mean age was 52.6, 54.7% (n=93) were passed O/L and 60% (n=160) were unemployed women. Almost 87.6% (n=149) had heard of cervical cancer (CC) and 87.1% (n=148) had heard cervical cancer screening (CCS).A very small proportion of participants had heard of risk factors, signs and symptoms and link between HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) and CC, that is 2.3% (n=4), 11.2% (n=19) and 2.9% (n=5) respectively. Electronic Medias and midwives play great role in providing information on CC and CCS. Even though majority of them heard the disease and screening method; screening uptake was very low among the participants 19.4% (n=33). Age and educational level played key roles in determining the awareness and attitude of the women. At the same time proper awareness and positive attitudes were affected to determine the screening behavior of the respondents. The proportion of women who had ever been screened was significantly higher among those who demonstrated positive attitude to screening 78.8 %(n=26), í µí± = 0.001, respondents who were aware of the disease 100.0 %(n=33), í µí± = 0.016, and those who were aware of cervical cancer and its screening 100.0%(n=33), í µí± = 0.001). This findings highlighted busy schedule in life 43.5% (n=74) and lack of knowledge 30.6% (n=52) were the most common barriers toward uptake of screening services. There is urgent need to improve the proper awareness programmers and attitude changing to overcome low attendance for screening services in Sri Lanka.
South Asian research journal of nursing and healthcare, 2020
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women with an estimated 570,000 new cases in 2018 representing 6.6% of all female cancers. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women in low-HDI countries. Cervical cancer ranks first among the female cancer in Nepal with age-adjusted incidence rate 21.5, 2,942 new cases and 1,928 deaths. The high mortality rate from cervical cancer globally could be reduced through prevention, early diagnosis, effective screening and treatment. The study aim to identify the knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening among women attending gynecology OPD. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used in this study. Hundred and fifty women were selected through purposive sampling technique. A pretested semi structured interview schedule was used to measure research variables. Frequency, percentage, mean and chi-squired test were used to analyze the data. Out of 150 women, mean age was 39.41 ± 10.26 and 78.7% respondents were Hindu. More than three fourth (84.7%) were literate. Slightly more than one third (34.7%) of the respondents herd about cervical cancer screening. Among them, less than half (46.2%) had adequate knowledge and only 8.7% of women had practice of cervical screening. There were no association between knowledge and socio-demographic variables but the practice were associated with residence (p=<0.05) and family income (p=<0.05. A majority of women have inadequate knowledge and low practice of cervical cancer screening. Therefore cervical cancer screening and awareness program should be emphasized.
Factors Associated with Late Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer in Nepal
Background: The majority of cervical cancers, the most prevalent cancer among Nepali women, are diagnosed in advanced stage leading to high mortality in Nepal. The present study explored factors associated with late diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two specialized cancer hospitals of Nepal from August 12 to October 12, 2012. Randomly selected 110 cervical cancer patients were interviewed and their medical records were reviewed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to predict associations. Results: Mean age of patients was 52.7years (SD=10.6), 66% were illiterate and 77% were rural inhabitants. Medical shops (33.6%) and private hospitals (31%) were major first contact points of patients with health care providers (HCP). There was no cervical/per-speculum examination (78.2%) and symptoms misinterpretation (90%) of patients occurred in initial consultation with HCP. Four in every five cases (80.9%) of cervical cancer had late diagnosis. Literate women (adjusted OR=0.121, CI: 0.030-0.482) and women having abnormal vaginal bleeding as early symptom (adjusted OR=0.160, CI: 0.035-0.741) were less likely to suffer late diagnosis. Women who shared their symptoms late (adjusted OR=4.272, CI: 1.110-16.440) and did so with people other than their husband (adjusted OR=12.701, CI: 1.132-142.55) were more likely for late diagnosis. Conclusions: High level of illiteracy among women and their problematic health seeking behavior for gynecological symptoms are responsible for late diagnosis of cervical cancer in Nepal. In the absence of a routine screening program, prevention interventions should be focused on raising awareness of gynecological symptoms and improving health seeking behavior of women for such symptoms.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2017
Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women especially India. The mainstay of prevention rests on early detection of cases through screening. So, this study aims to determine the knowledge of cervical cancer screening, Human papilloma virus & its vaccination status. Methods: This was an observational study of cross-sectional design conducted among the adult reproductive aged women (18-45 years) visiting Gynaecology OPD at ESI-PGIMSR and ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Joka. A pre-designed and pre-tested interview schedule was prepared. Face to face interview was conducted in local language. Data was compiled & computed in SPSS software version 20. Results: Total respondents were 97. Majority of the respondents (62.9%) belong to the age group of 21-30 years. 8 in 10 participants follow Hinduism. Almost equal percentages of participants were from urban & rural areas (51.5% & 48.5% respectively). 6 in 10 participants had heard about cervical ca...