Effects of Hand Position with Relation to Elbow and Shoulder Position on Maximum Grip Strength (original) (raw)
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https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.6\_Issue.2\_Feb2016/37.pdf, 2016
Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect grip strength in different positions of elbow with shoulder neutral and flexion while the subject is in standing position. Methods: 30 students from the Vinayaka Mission College of physiotherapy were selected randomly with the age group of 18-25years and divided into group 1 (n=15) male and group 2 (n=15) female. Testing done in standing posture, the right handed dominant subjects were included in this study. Grip-strength measurements were taken by the shoulder 0ºneural flexion and 90ºflexion with respect to elbow positioned at 0 degree extension and 90 degrees of flexion. Grip strength was used as an outcome measure for the study. Results: The highest mean grip strength was recorded; when the shoulder was positioned in neutral flexion with elbow in 0 degree extension with respect to the wrist in neutral (42.90±11.87). The lowest mean grip strength was recorded; when the shoulder was positioned in 90 degree flexion with elbow in 90 degree flexion with respect to wrist in neutral (28.83±13.52). Comparison between the gender shows a significant difference between the male and female in which male has greater grip strength than the female in all positions. The highest mean grip in males and females were documented when the shoulder was positioned in neutral flexion with elbow in 0º extension with respect to the wrist positioned in neutral. The results of ANOVA findings indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in grip strength between shoulder 90º flexion with respect to elbow 90º flexion and 0º extension. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient of age and different positions of shoulder with respect to the elbow positions and results showed that there is No linear relationship between age and different positions of the shoulder and elbow (r=0). Conclusion: This study confirms that various joint positions can affect grip strength, especially the elbow and shoulder joints with respect to wrist positions neutral. It would be reasonable to evaluate the hand injured patient"s grip strength using different combined shoulder and elbow positions to determine their maximal grip force. Clinically useful information may be derived from these findings and are valuable in the evaluation and rehabilitation training of hand injured patients.
Grip Strength Changes in Relation to Different Body Postures, Elbow and Forearm Positions
2013
Background of the study: Several activities in day to day life involving upper limb require good hand grip strength. A reliable evaluation of hand grip forms an integral part of rehabilitation, not only to assess the strength of muscles involved in gripping but also to apply as a tool in rehabilitating patients with variable levels of hand injuries. Various sports require some degree of grip strength which improves performance and plays a key role in preventing overall injuries relevant to forearm and hand. Since hand grip is considered to be affected by positions of various segments of the body, this study was designed to evaluate grip strength at three different body postures, three different forearm positions and two elbow positions, results of which would establish an optimal body posture and position of segments to evaluate and train for maximal grip strength. Materials and Methods: 40 healthy students from department of Physiotherapy and School of Nursing (20 male and 20 femal...
Dependence of grip strength on shoulder position and its implications for ergonomics practice
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 2018
Grip strength (GS) variability due to positional changes in the upper extremity joints is of importance while designing workstations and work methods. This study was conducted to analyze the GS variations due to positional changes at shoulder joint when some important variables were under control. The GSs of dominant and nondominant hands were measured in eight shoulder (0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°of flexion and abduction) and standard test positions (STP). One hundred and thirteen subjects 20-30 years old completed the study. At the dominant side, no significant difference was observed in the pairwise comparisons between STP and the others. Maximum and minimum GSs were obtained in 0°abduction and 45°flexion and abduction, respectively. At the nondominant side, GSs were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the corresponding test positions and demonstrated more variability. The findings of this study can contribute to the available knowledge to guide occupational ergonomists in their practices.
Grip strength in different positions of elbow and shoulder
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1994
Su CY, Lin JH, Chien TH, Cheng KF, Sung YT. Grip strength in different positions of elbow and shoulder. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75:812-5. l This study investigated the effect of shoulder position on grip strength in 80 men and 80 women. A Jamar dynamometer was used to measure the grip strength in the four testing positions. The four hand strength tests consisted of three positions in which the elbow was maintained in full extension combined with varying degrees of shoulder flexion (ie, O", 90", and 1800) and of one position in which the elbow was flexed at 90" with the shoulder in 0" of flexion. Only the dominant hand was tested. The highest mean grip strength measurement was recorded when the shoulder was positioned at 180" of flexion with elbow in full extension; whereas the position of 90" elbow flexion with shoulder in 0" of flexion had the lowest grip strength score. In addition, the grip strength measured with the elbow in extension, regardless of shoulder position (ie, o", 90", and 180" of flexion), was significantly higher than when the elbow was flexed at 90" with the shoulder positioned at 0" of flexion. Finally, grip strength differed significantly for both sexes and for each age group. The grip values of the standardized 90" elbow flexed position were further analyzed to determine the average performances in the study population. For men, grip strength peaked within the 20 to 39 years age group and gradually declined thereafter. For women, the highest mean grip strength measurement was recorded in the 40-to 49-year-old age group and then deteriorated with age. The findings are valuable in the evaluation and rehabilitation training of hand injured patients.
Effect Of Elbow And Wrist Joint Position On Grip Strength
Background and Objective: Grip and pinch strength measurements provide an objective index of the functional integrity of the upper extremity. Hand strength evaluation is importance in determining the effectiveness of different treatment strategies or effects of different procedures. As studies on the effect of elbow and wrist positions on grip strength remain controversial, the present study aimed to find out the effect of elbow and wrist joint positions on grip strength and the favorable and advantageous position to improve grasp function. Method: This study included 144 healthy normal subjects with 13 males and 131 females. A standard adjustable hydraulic hand dynamometer was used for measuring grip strength of various positions of elbow and wrist. Result: The result of the study showed that the elbow and wrist positions had impact on the grip strength when considered individually (p<.01). But the interaction effect of these two different positions could not able to show any significant difference. Conclusion: Grip strength was maximum with elbow in full extension and wrist in neutral. The changes in wrist position on grip strength were observed with variations in elbow and wrist positions.
Effects of Different Testing Postures on Hand Grip Strength among Healthy Individuals
Pakistan BioMedical Journal, 2022
Grip strength play an important part in measuring strength of upper limb. Certain factors influence the hand grip strength like body stance of the members during the test, position of body and different parts like elbow, lower arm, shoulder and wrist, age and gender, nutritional status, hand outline and appendage length. Objectives: Determine effects of different testing postures (standing, sitting, supine, side lying and prone) on hand grip strength. Methods: A Cross-Sectional study was carried out at Shalamar School of Allied Health Sciences Lahore. This study recruited 45 participants of both gender, age between 18 to 24 years. Hand grip strength of dominant hand is measured in different testing postures (standing, sitting, supine, side lying and prone) by using hand held dynamometer. Correlation of all variables calculated through SPSS. Result:This study showed that hand grip strength was higher in standing position (36.60±10.79) and lower in prone position (27.52±8.01).Hand g...
Influence of Different Testing Postures on Hand Grip Strength
European Scientific Journal, 2014
Hand grip strength (HGS) is a useful, functional measure of the integrity of upper extremity, however many studies examined it from selected positions (supine, sitting, standing), with no emphasis on other derived positions that are used in a clinical setting. The objective was to evaluate HGS in different body positions that are used in a clinical setting by using a standard protocol. A convenience sample of 40 healthy male participants was recruited for this study, with no history of psychiatric or neurological dysfunction, or upper extremity orthopedic dysfunction. Grip strength was measured in the dominant hand with Jamar Plus+ digital hand dynamometer in five positions: supine, prone, side-lying, sitting and standing. The HGS value in the prone position was significantly lower than that in standing position (p = 0.043) and the sitting position (p = 0.013). However, no statistical difference was found in HGS among supine, prone, side-lying positions. Grip strength correlated moderately with age (r = 0.643). This study provides a useful evaluation of grip strength in different positions. Using identical upper extremity positions, grip strength is variable among different body positions. Grip strength is equivalent when tested from the supine, side-lying or prone, thus position can be adjusted according to the patient's condition. Finally, Age is one of the important determinants of the hand grip evaluation, particularly when standing position is used.
Factors Affecting Hand Grip Strength and Its Evaluation: A Systemic Review
International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 2015
Hand is a vital and inevitable organ for humans. It functions start from a fine to gross motor activities. Many daily functions and sports events require high activity of hands. Hand and forearm muscles are important in grip strength. The American society of hand therapist (ASHT) recommended testing protocol in which the subject is seated upright against the back of a chair with flat on the floor. A literature survey covering the fields of ergonomics, medicine, biology and anthropology was conducted to develop a database. We suggest that a standard method is needed to enable more consistent measurement of grip strength and better assessment.
Grip Strength: Influence of Head-Neck Position in Normal Subjects
Journal of Neurology Research, 2012
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether head-neck (H-N) position affects grip strength in healthy young adults and to find out, which H-N position have the greatest influence on grip strength. Methods: Eighty male and female students volunteered as subjects. The dominant hand was used to apply tension to the lever of a Jamar dynamometer. The data collection procedures followed American Society of Hand Therapists standardized grip-strength testing guidelines, with the except for H-N position. The maximal grip strength was measured at H-N in neutral, rotation to the left and rotation to the right. Results: The results were analyzed using independent 't' test to compare the height and weight between groups. To compare the maximal grip strength between H-N position one-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD was used. The result showed that maximal grip strength in the right dominant was significantly highest at H-N rotated to left at P < 0.05. Conclusions: The highest maximal grip strength obtained at H-N rotated to left, showed that for accurate assessment and rehabilitation, the H-N should be positioned opposite to the tested extremity which could be due to the influence of ATNR.
Posture effects on grip strength
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1997
Objective: To examine whether grip strengths were different when measured in supine and sitting positions. Design: Comparison, convenience sample Setting: Community. Participants: Seventy-four healthy adult participants with no history of psychiatric or neurological dysfunction, or upper extremity orthopedic dysfunction after the age of 18. Interventions: Participants performed grips with each hand while sitting and standing. Shoulder was adducted and extended, with the elbow flexed, and wrist and forearm in neutral. Main Outcome Measure: The mean of the three trials with each hand in each posture. Results: Men were stronger (49kg) than women (29kg; p < ,001). Right hands were stronger (41kg) than left (39kg; p < .OOl). However, grip strengths while sitting were equivalent to those tested while supine (p > S9). Conclusions: Using identical upper extremity positions, grip