Diverse Components of Resistance to Fusarium verticillioides Infection and Fumonisin Contamination in Four Maize Recombinant Inbred Families (original) (raw)
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Multi-environment Evaluation of Maize Inbred Lines for Resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisins
Plant Disease, 2016
Fusarium verticillioides causes Fusarium ear rot (FER) of maize and produces fumonisins, which affects grain quality. Host-plant resistance can reduce both FER and fumonisins in maize. In this study, 18 maize inbred lines were evaluated for resistance to F. verticillioides and fumonisin accumulation at five localities in South Africa. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analyses revealed significant environment × genotype interactions, with inbred lines CML 390, US 2540W, RO 424W, and VO 617y-2 consistently exhibiting low FER severity (≤5.4%), fungal target DNA (≤0.1 ng μl−1), and fumonisin levels (≤5.6 ppm). Genotype main effect and genotype × environment biplots showed that inbred lines CML 390, US 2540W, and RO 424W were most resistant to FER, fungal colonization, and fumonisin accumulation, respectively, while inbred line RO 424W was most stable in its resistance response over environments. These inbred lines also demonstrated broad adaptability by consistently ...
PLoS ONE, 2013
Fusarium verticillioides causes ear rot and grain mycotoxins in maize (Zea mays L.), which are harmful to human and animal health. Breeding and growing less susceptible plant genotypes is one alternative to reduce these detrimental effects. A better understanding of the resistance mechanisms would facilitate the implementation of strategic molecular agriculture to breeding of resistant germplasm. Our aim was to identify genes and metabolites that may be related to the Fusarium reaction in a resistant (L4637) and a susceptible (L4674) inbred. Gene expression data were obtained from microarray hybridizations in inoculated and non-inoculated kernels from both inbreds. Fungal inoculation did not produce considerable changes in gene expression and metabolites in L4637. Defense-related genes changed in L4674 kernels, responding specifically to the pathogen infection. These results indicate that L4637 resistance may be mainly due to constitutive defense mechanisms preventing fungal infection. These mechanisms seem to be poorly expressed in L4674; and despite the inoculation activate a defense response; this is not enough to prevent the disease progress in this susceptible line. Through this study, a global view of differential genes expressed and metabolites accumulated during resistance and susceptibility to F. verticillioides inoculation has been obtained, giving additional information about the mechanisms and pathways conferring resistance to this important disease in maize.
World Mycotoxin Journal, 2011
The fungus Fusarium verticillioides is commonly associated with maize production in temperate regions of the world, producing ear rot and grain contamination by fumonisins. Genetic resistance is the best preventive action against fumonisin contamination, although at present no commercial maize hybrids are completely resistant. Several studies of the relationship between Fusarium and other species producing ear rot suggest that these fungal species interact in similar ways with the host plant. Consequently, host plant resistance to one pathogen could be associated with resistance to another. The aim of this study was to introduce sources of resistance to Fusarium spp. into maize inbred lines and to evaluate ear rot severity and fumonisin B1 contamination in advanced breeding lines and hybrids after artificial and natural infection with F. verticillioides. Two inbred lines (CO430 and MP420) with resistance to kernel infection by Fusarium graminearum and Aspergillus flavus, respectivel...
QTL Mapping for Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Contamination Resistance in Two Maize Populations
Crop Science, 2006
Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (synonym F. moniliforme Sheldon) (teleomorph: Gibberella moniliformis) and F. proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg (teleomorph: G. intermedia) are fungal pathogens of maize (Zea mays L.) that cause ear rot and contaminate grain with fumonisins, mycotoxins that can harm animals and humans. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination in two maize populations, comprised of 213 BC 1 F 1:2 families from the first backcross of GE440 to FR1064 (GEFR) and 143 recombinant inbred lines from the cross of NC300 to B104 (NCB). QTL mapping was used to study the genetic relationships between resistances to ear rot and fumonisin contamination and to investigate consistency of QTL across populations. In the GEFR population, seven QTL explained 47% of the phenotypic variation for mean ear rot resistance and nine QTL with one epistatic interaction explained 67% of the variation for mean fumonisin concentration. In the NCB population, five QTL explained 31% of the phenotypic variation for mean ear rot resistance and six QTL and three epistatic interactions explained 81% of the phenotypic variation for mean fumonisin concentration. Eight QTL in the GEFR population and five QTL in the NCB population affected both disease traits. At least three ear rot and two fumonisin contamination resistance QTL mapped to similar positions in the two populations. Two QTL, localized to chromosomes four and five, appeared to be consistent for both traits across both populations.
Genomic prediction for resistance to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination in maize
Crop Science, 2020
Fusarium ear rot (FER) disease of maize (Zea mays L.) is caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg, which produces fumonisin (FUM), a mycotoxin linked to human and animal health risks. Extensive field trials, laborious inoculations and ear evaluations, and expensive antibody assays are required to reliably assess resistances to FER and FUM contamination in breeding populations. To evaluate the potential utility of genomic selection (GS) to improve FER and FUM in maize, we genotyped 6086 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 449 S0:1 lines from a recurrent selection population. Two different partitions of the S0:1 evaluation data were made to test the ability of models trained on 251 or 201 lines evaluated at three locations in 2014–2015 to predict FER and FUM of 198 or 248 different lines evaluated at three locations in 2016. Single‐stage univariate and multivariate genomic best linear unbiased predictor (GBLUP) models and two‐stage GBLUP, Bayes Cπ, Bayesian LASSO, an...
Crop Science, 2010
Backcross breeding is an important method to improve elite cultivars for traits controlled by a small number of loci but has been used less frequently to improve quantitatively controlled traits. Resistances to Fusarium ear rot [caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis Wineland)] and contamination by the associated mycotoxin fumonisin in maize (Zea mays L.) are quantitatively inherited. We backcrossed the more resistant but unadapted inbred GE440 for four generations to the susceptible but agronomically elite commercial inbred FR1064. A selected set of 19 BC4F1:3 lines had greater resistance to ear rot and fumonisin content than their recurrent parent FR1064. Topcrosses of the selected lines had greater resistance to Fusarium ear rot and similar grain yield compared to the topcross of the recurrent parent FR1064. We also genotyped selected lines at DNA markers linked to ear rot and fumonisin resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) ide...
Molecular Basis of Resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot in Maize
Frontiers in Plant Science
The impact of climate change has been identified as an emerging issue for food security and safety, and the increased incidence of mycotoxin contamination in maize over the last two decades is considered a potential emerging hazard. Disease control by chemical and agronomic approaches is often ineffective and increases the cost of production; for this reason the exploitation of genetic resistance is the most sustainable method for reducing contamination. The review focuses on the significant advances that have been made in the development of transcriptomic, genetic and genomic information for maize, Fusarium verticillioides molds, and their interactions, over recent years. Findings from transcriptomic studies have been used to outline a specific model for the intracellular signaling cascade occurring in maize cells against F. verticillioides infection. Several recognition receptors, such as receptor-like kinases and R genes, are involved in pathogen perception, and trigger downstream signaling networks mediated by mitogen-associated protein kinases. These signals could be orchestrated primarily by hormones, including salicylic acid, auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid, in association with calcium signaling, targeting multiple transcription factors that in turn promote the downstream activation of defensive response genes, such as those related to detoxification processes, phenylpropanoid, and oxylipin metabolic pathways. At the genetic and genomic levels, several quantitative trait loci (QTL) and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers for resistance to Fusarium ear rot deriving from QTL mapping and genome-wide association studies are described, indicating the complexity of this polygenic trait. All these findings will contribute to identifying candidate genes for resistance and to applying genomic technologies for selecting resistant maize genotypes and speeding up a strategy of breeding to contrast disease, through plants resistant to mycotoxin-producing pathogens.
Crop Science, 2007
Resistance to Fusarium ear rot [caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (synonym F. moniliforme Sheldon) (teleomorph: Gibberella moniliformis) and F. proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg (teleomorph: G. intermedia)] and fumonisin contamination is heritable and controlled by at least 11 gene regions in a maize (Zea mays L.) population created by backcrossing the highly resistant donor line, GE440, to the susceptible but commercially successful recurrent parent line, FR1064. The relationship between resistances to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination and agronomic performance has not been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between disease resistance and agronomic utility in this population by measuring resistances to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination in BC1F1:2 lines, and yield and agronomic performance in topcrosses of these lines. Fumonisin contamination was not correlated with yield, but two fumonisin quan...
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019
Poland is the fifth largest European country, in terms of maize production. Ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. are significant diseases affecting yield and causing grain mycotoxin contamination. Inbred lines, which are commonly used in Polish breeding programs, belong, mostly, to two distinct genetic categories: flint and dent. However, historically used lines belonging to the heterotic Lancaster, IDT and SSS groups were also present in previous Polish breeding programs. In the current study, 98 inbred lines were evaluated across a 2-year-long experiment, after inoculation with F. verticillioides and under natural infection conditions. Lancaster, IDT, SSS and SSS/IDT groups were characterized as the most susceptible ones and flint as the more resistant. Based on the results obtained, the moderately resistant and most susceptible genotypes were defined to determine the content of fumonisins (FBs) in kernel and cob fractions using the HPLC method. Fumonisin's content was higher in the grain samples collected from inoculated plants than in cobs. The association of visible Fusarium symptoms with fumonisin concentration in grain samples was significant. Conversely, the cobs contained more FB 1 under natural infection, which may be related to a pathogen's type of growth, infection time or presence of competitive species. Using ddRADseq genome sampling method it was possible to distinguish a basal relationship between moderately resistant and susceptible genotypes. Genetic distance between maize genotypes was high. Moderately resistant inbreed lines, which belong to IDT and IDT/SSS belong to one haplotype. Genotypes which belong to the flint, dent or Lancaster group, and were characterized as moderately resistant were classified separately as the same susceptible one. This research has demonstrated that currently grown Polish inbred lines, as well the ones used in the past are a valid source of resistance to Fusarium ear rot. A strong association was observed between Czembor et al. Maize FER and Toxin Resistance visible Fusarium symptoms with fumonisin concentration in grain samples, suggesting that selection in maize for reduced visible molds should reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination. NGS techniques provide new tools for overcoming the long selection process and increase the breeding efficiency.
Phytopathology, 2007
Fusarium verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and Aspergillus flavus cause ear rots of maize and contaminate the grain with mycotoxins (fumonisin or aflatoxin). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between resistance to Fusarium and Aspergillus ear rots and fumonisin and aflatoxin contamination. Based on a previous study of 143 recombinant inbred lines from the cross NC300 x B104, 24 lines with the highest and 24 lines with the lowest mean fumonisin concentration were selected for further evaluation. Paired plots of each line were inoculated with F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum or with A. flavus in replicated trials in 2004 and 2005 in Clayton, NC, and College Station, TX. The low-fumonisin group had significantly lower levels of fumonisin, aflatoxin, and Fusarium and Aspergillus ear rots. Across year-location environments, all four traits were significantly correlated; the genotypic correlation (r(G)) ranged from r(G) = 0.88 (aflatoxin and Aspergillu...