Relationship between Chemical and Physical Parameters of Maize Varieties and … (original) (raw)
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Asian Journal of Advances in Research, 2021
It has been internationally accented that use of resistant variety is a key strategy to save maize (Zea mays L.) grains from the pernicious activities of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Therefore, twenty improved varieties and one local maize variety were studied in the laboratory using standard methods. The test varieties were selected because they are palatable, good-yielding and survive early season planting. Patterns of S. zeamais susceptibility index and adult mortality were plotted. Association between susceptibility index and adult mortality revealed that the two are connected in an inverse relationship. Eight varieties (38%) were resistant to S. zeamais attack. Aside allowing significantly minimal support for the survival and the development of S. zeamais, the varieties were consistently least damaged and lost. The cultivation and use of the resistant varieties identified will permit the postharvest storage of maize for long duration and reduce other problems associated with S. zeamais infestation. Thirteen moderately resistant maize varieties (62%) were revealed and their use under long storage condition should come with caution. The local maize variety had equivalent inherent moderate resistance with 57% of the varieties investigated. Most of the resistant maize varieties showed high viability when planted in the laboratory. This is an added advantage.
BASE, 2021
Description of the subject. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple food providing nutrients for humans and animals worldwide. In Sub-Saharan Africa, maize is stored to ensure food resource availability throughout the year. However, stored-product pests such as the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera; Curculionidae) can cause huge grain losses. Objectives. This study aimed to assess the oviposition preference of Sitophilus zeamais over maize varieties commonly cultivated in Senegal and the effect of grain morphophysical and biochemical characteristics on their susceptibility to the maize weevil. Method. Twenty-five S. zeamais pairs (M/F) were placed in the center of an arena at equal distance of small heaps of maize grains (30 g) from nine maize varieties. Adult abundance, damaged grains, grain weight loss, and progeny were confronted to grain characteristics (phenolics and ferulic acid content, hardness, brightness, color and size of grains). Results. Susceptibilit...
2018
Twenty one maize varieties that were collected from Bako Agricultural Research Center, Western Ethiopia were screened for resistance against maize weevils in insect science laboratory of Addis Ababa University. The varieties included sixteen hybrids (BH-660, BH-540, BH-543, BHQPY-545, BH-661, BH-546, BH-547, SPRH-1, AMH-760Q, AMH-851, AMH-853, AMH-854, MH-138Q, OHL HUV, Shone and Limu) and five open pollinated varieties (Melkasa-2, Melkasa-4, Melkasa-6Q, Gibe-2 and Morka). The parameter measured for screening were parental adult’s weevil’s mortality, F1 progeny emergence, percent protection, percent grain damage and weight loss, weight of damaged and undamaged grains, Dobie index of susceptibility and selection index. Based on Dobie index of susceptibility, 6 varieties (Melkasa-6Q, MH-138Q, SPRH, BHQPY-545, AMH-760Q and AMH-851) respectively were categorized as resistant varieties, whereas the rest 15 (Melkasa2, BH-540, BH-661, AMH-853, OHL HUV, Melkasa-4, BH-543, BH-546, BH-547, Mo...
Factors contributing to resistance of exotic maize populations to maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1987
Factors contributing to resistance of maize to infestation by the corn weevil Sitophilus zeamais were investigated in four populations of indigenous and improved maize from Belize. Resistance was related to the antifeedant properties of grain as well as sugar content and mechanical hardness. Grain extracts of all populations of maize significantly reduced insect feeding on treated artificial diets when compared to control diets. Consumption of treated diets was negatively correlated with phenolic content of the grain extract. An analysis by GC-MS indicated that femlic acid and p-coumaric acid were the principal phenolics present in the extracts, and insect feeding was strongly deterred when pure substances were added to insect diets. Fluorescence associated with femlic acid and related compounds in grain sections was located in the pericarp and aleurone layer and was especially intense in the most resistant grain variety.
Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021
The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most damaging pests of stored cereals causing severe damage to stored grains. In current investigation, six open pollinated maize varieties viz. JALAL (white), AZAM (white), SADAF (yellow), ZARD LOCAL (yellow), KASHMIRI (yellow) and PAHARI (white) were screened out in the laboratory of Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan for their relative susceptibility/resistance to maize weevil. The experiment was laid out following completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 replicates. Results revealed that minimum (23.8) days to adult emergence of maize weevil were recorded when it was reared on variety Azam; whereas; maximum (34.2) days were recorded on variety Sadaf. Total number of F1 adults emerged were maximum (91) in Azam while minimum (62) in variety Sadaf. Percent infestation of maize kernels was maximum (39.01%) in Azam while minimum (25.8...
2011
The study examines change in the proximate composition of maize grains infested by varied population of maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais). 50 gm maize grains (SUWAN-1) was weighed into 250 cm3 Kilner glass jars and separately infested with 5pairs, 10 pairs and 15 pairs of S. zeamais for ninety days. A 250 cm3 Kilner jar filled with 50 gm uninfested maize grains served as control. All treatments and control were replicated four times and arranged on the work-table in the laboratory using completely randomized design. At 90 day post-infestation of the maize grains, data were collected on damage indices such as % grain weight loss, % grain damage, weight of grain dust and final population of S. zeamais. The proximate composition of the damaged and undamaged maize grains was determined by analyzing the maize grains for total protein, fat, starch, sugar, moisture and ash contents using the standard analytical method (AOAC, 1970). The data on proximate analysis was correlated with final p...
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1993
. Is "quality protein" maize more susceptible than normal cultivars to attack by the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais? Postharvest. Biol. Technol. 2: 349-358. Thirty-one quality protein maize (QPM) populations, pools or varieties were crossed with normal pollen (QPM x NOR) to provide two sets of maize for assessment of the effect of QPM conversion on susceptiblity to Sitophilus zeamais. The QPM maize showed a very high degree of variability from very resistant to very susceptible. The mean Dobie Index, which is a measure of susceptibility to insect attack, of the QPM group was not significantly different from that of the QPMxNOR. The mean number of egg plugs oviposited on maize samples of the two groups was not significantly different. Nine QPM populations or varieties were analysed for protein, tryptophan, oil and phenolic content. Susceptibility was found to be negatively correlated with oil content and phenolics, as has been found in normal maize. Since some QPM genotypes were resistant to weevil attack, the results suggest that it is possible to breed for both quality protein and insect resistance in the same maize cultivar.
The mechanism of resistance in maize to the stored product insects such as the maize weevil (MW), Sitophilus zeamais Motsch and the larger grain borer (LGB), Prostephanus truncatus Horn has been investigated in relation to secondary chemistry and other biochemical and physical characteristics of maize genotypes. Performance parameters of weevils (number of eggs laid, number of progeny, Dobie index, grain consumption) were negatively and significantly correlated (r = -0.8, P = 0.05) to the most abundant phenolic of grain, E-ferulic acid. With P. truncatus, the weight loss of grain also showed a negative correlation with E-ferulic acid while percent damage of kernels by insects was negatively correlated to p-coumaric acid. These phenolic acids were found in highest concentration in the pericarp and cell walls of the endosperm by fluorescence microscopy. Phenolic acid content was also found to correlate strongly with hardness of the grain, which may be related to the mechanical contributions of phenolic dimers to cereal cell wall strength. In the aleurone layer phenolic acid amines have been detected that have toxic effects on insects.