Electron microscopy studies of basidiosporogenesis in Agaricus brasiliensis (original) (raw)
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Gone with the wind – a review on basidiospores of lamellate agarics
Mycosphere, 2015
Field mycologists have a deep understanding of the morphological traits of basidiospores with regard to taxonomical classification. But often the increasing evidence that these traits have a biological meaning is overlooked. In this review we have therefore compiled morphological and ecological facts about basidiospores of agaricoid fungi and their functional implications for fungal communities as part of ecosystems. Readers are introduced to the subject, first of all by drawing attention to the dazzling array of basidiospores, which is followed by an account of their physical and chemical qualities, such as size, quantity, structure and their molecular composition. Continuing, spore generation, dispersal and establishment are described and discussed. Finally, possible implications for the major ecological lifestyles are analysed, and major gaps in the knowledge about the ecological functions of basidiospores are highlighted.
Cytological studies of Agaricus brasiliensis
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2008
Agaricus brasiliensis is a medicinal mushroom native to Brazil. It was first identified as Agaricus blazei and its scientific name continues to be debated. We examined the cytology of different Brazilian commercial strains of A. brasiliensis and the nuclear behavior of strain CS1 during basidiospore development using fluorescent microscopy. All strains have multinucleate hyphae and no significant differences in nuclei numbers were observed between them. Basidia from A. brasiliensis strain CS1 are typically tetrasporics and produce binucleate basidiospores, demonstrating that a postmeiotic mitosis occurs during basidiospore development. This result suggests that A. brasiliensis is primarily a heterothallic species.
Bryophilous Agaricomycetes (Fungi, Basidiomycota): A Review to Brazil
Bryophytes - The State of Knowledge in a World Under Climate Change [Working Title]
Bryophilous fungi have at least one stage of its life cycle linked to Bryophytes. There are few studies in relation to their taxonomy and ecology all around the world, including Brazil. The Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) have gained prominence worldwide and contained several species of economic interest. Based on a bibliographic review and discussion about identification methods and experimental models on this association a species list of bryophilous/Agaricomycetes found in Brazil was elaborated. In the works found among the techniques used to identify effective fungi/Bryophytes associations it can be cited: phylogenetics analysis, optical and electron microscopy, and cultivation experiments. In Brazil, four orders of Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota), belonging to Agaricales, Boletales, Hymenochaetales, and Polyporales, with 33 species were found associated to Bryophytes in the literature. Information of the worldwide distribution of Brazilian muscicolous species and application of t...
Prerequisites for the action of mixed infections of basidiomycetes closed agrobiocenoses
Karantin i zahist roslin, 2020
Goal. The study of functional features of pathogens isolated from Agaricus bisporus depending on taxonomic groups. Methods. The subject of the study is isolates of pathogenic bacteria and isolated total RNA from Agaricus bisporus, which manifested themselves as primary infections at the stage of active growth of the fungus and are typical only for mushrooms. Research methods are biotechnological. Biotechnological research methods were used in the work. To identify the isolated cultures of microorganisms, sowing was performed to split carbon sources on synthetic media with the introduction of appropriate sugars. We used biochemical methods to determine the trophic characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in order to develop biotechnologies to control their spread. Results. Isolates 1.5 and 1.6 must have a positive reaction to oxidase. Isolates 1.2 and 13.2 had a weak reaction. Sources of monosaccharides (xylose, dextrose, galactose), polysaccharides and amino acids have been identified...
Basidiospore viability and germination in ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic basidiomycetes
Mycological Research, 1993
Spores of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes Rhizopogan rubescens and Suillus tomentosus were induced to germinate and stained with fluorescent stains FDA and DAPI to assess germinability and viability. Basidiospores of several saprotrophic species including Pleuratus astreatus, Marasmius areades, Agaricus brunnescens, Coprinus quadrifidus and Conocybe lactea were also assayed for comparison. Nearly all spores of both the ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi contained intact nuclei. The percentage of R. rubescens and S. tamentasus spores that stained with FDA increased throughout the study. Peaks in FDA staining corresponded with germination events which occurred every 9 to 13 days. The FDA staining in spores of P. astreatus and M. oreades was high and corresponded with high rates of germinability. Germination and FDA staining of the other saprotrophic species were variable. In ectomycorrhizal and several saprotrophic species FDA staining was unreliable as an indicator of viability but served as a good predictor of dormancy. Non-fluorescent vital and nuclear stains were compared with the fluorescent stains and gave similar results. Equations for estimating viability, dormancy, and activation of spores are presented.
Basidiospore ultrastructure of some Dacrymycetales from Mexico
— An ultrastructural study was made of basidiospores from nine species of Dacrymycetales: Calocera macrospora, C. viscosa, Dacrymyces dictyosporus, D. chrysospermus, Dacryopinax elegans, Da. spathularia, Da. lowyi, Guepiniopsis alpina, and G. buccina. Spore walls and septa analyzed with transmission electron microscopy revealed the absence or presence of discrete lateral wall layers as well as septal pores that appear diagnostic at the species level.
Mycological Research, 2009
The ultrastructure of septa and septum-associated septal pore caps are important taxonomic markers in the Agaricomycotina (Basidiomycota, Fungi). The septal pore caps covering the typical basidiomycetous dolipore septum are distinguished into three main morphotypes: vesicular, imperforate, and perforate. Until recently, the septal pore cap-type reflected the higher-order relationships within the Agaricomycotina. However, the new classification of Fungi resulted in many changes including addition of new orders. Therefore, the septal pore cap ultrastructure of more than 350 species as reported in literature was related to this new classification. In addition, the septal pore cap ultrastructure of Rickenella fibula and Cantharellus formosus was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Both fungi were shown to have dolipore septa associated with perforate septal pore caps. These results combined with data from the literature show that the septal pore cap type within orders of the Agaricomycotina is generally monomorphic, except for the Cantharellales and Hymenochaetales.